CN1090750C - 传热管 - Google Patents

传热管 Download PDF

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CN1090750C
CN1090750C CN95118177A CN95118177A CN1090750C CN 1090750 C CN1090750 C CN 1090750C CN 95118177 A CN95118177 A CN 95118177A CN 95118177 A CN95118177 A CN 95118177A CN 1090750 C CN1090750 C CN 1090750C
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pipe
fin
convolution
fin convolution
heat
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CN1129316A (zh
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史蒂文J·斯潘塞
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Carrier Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/18—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by applying coatings, e.g. radiation-absorbing, radiation-reflecting; by surface treatment, e.g. polishing
    • F28F13/185—Heat-exchange surfaces provided with microstructures or with porous coatings
    • F28F13/187—Heat-exchange surfaces provided with microstructures or with porous coatings especially adapted for evaporator surfaces or condenser surfaces, e.g. with nucleation sites
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
    • B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
    • B21C37/15—Making tubes of special shape; Making tube fittings
    • B21C37/20—Making helical or similar guides in or on tubes without removing material, e.g. by drawing same over mandrels, by pushing same through dies ; Making tubes with angled walls, ribbed tubes and tubes with decorated walls
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
    • B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
    • B21C37/15—Making tubes of special shape; Making tube fittings
    • B21C37/20—Making helical or similar guides in or on tubes without removing material, e.g. by drawing same over mandrels, by pushing same through dies ; Making tubes with angled walls, ribbed tubes and tubes with decorated walls
    • B21C37/207—Making helical or similar guides in or on tubes without removing material, e.g. by drawing same over mandrels, by pushing same through dies ; Making tubes with angled walls, ribbed tubes and tubes with decorated walls with helical guides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/34—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending obliquely
    • F28F1/36—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending obliquely the means being helically wound fins or wire spirals
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4935—Heat exchanger or boiler making
    • Y10T29/49377—Tube with heat transfer means
    • Y10T29/49378—Finned tube
    • Y10T29/49382—Helically finned
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/53—Means to assemble or disassemble
    • Y10T29/53113—Heat exchanger
    • Y10T29/53122—Heat exchanger including deforming means

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)

Abstract

一种用在热交换器中的热交换管，热量在流过管子的流体和围绕管子外部流动的流体之间交换并在热交换过程中管子外部的流体泡核沸腾。管子有绕其外表螺旋延伸的卷旋翅片。凹槽花纹绕管子圆周每隔一定间距以斜角延伸过卷旋翅片。每对相邻凹槽间有一尖端。末端扁平。尖端最大宽度大于卷旋翅片根部宽度并足够宽以与两相邻卷旋翅片上的尖端末端重叠，因此在相邻卷旋翅片之间和重叠的末端下形成凹腔。尖端顶端轴线的倾斜角相对于凹槽角倾斜。

Description

传热管
本发明总的涉及传热管，更具体地说，是涉及传热管的外表面的构造，该传热管用于使它所浸放其中的液体的蒸发。
许多类型的空调和致冷系统中都有管壳式蒸发器。管壳式蒸发器是一种多个管子包含在单个壳体中的热交换器。通常，诸管子设置得能提供多个穿过热交热器的平行流动通道以使一流体冷却。诸管子浸没在流过热交换壳体的致冷剂中。流体通过管壁的热传递作用而被冷却。传递的热量将与诸管子的外表面相接触的致冷剂汽化。这样一种蒸发器的热传递能力主要取决于各根管子的热传递性能。每个管子的外部结构对热交换管的总的传热性能是很重要的。
有几种为人们所熟知的改善热交换管热传递性能的方法。其中，(1)增加管子表面的热传递面积，以及(2)在与沸腾流体相接触的管子表面促进泡核沸腾的发生。在泡核沸腾的过程中，从被加热表面传递出来的热量使与该表面接触的液体汽化且蒸汽形成气泡。表面传出的热量使气泡中的蒸气过热，气泡随之增大。当汽泡足够大时，克服表面张力而破裂并从表面逸出。当气泡离开表面时，液体进入由气泡腾出的空间内，使留在该空间内蒸汽得到了补充的液体以汽化而形成新的气泡。在表面连续生成气泡，气泡从表面释放出来，表面的重新湿润，以及水汽气泡的从液体中升起以及混合液体的对流效应，都使传热表面的传热率大大提高。
我们还知道，泡核沸腾的过程可以通过传热表面结构的构造来增强，使传热表面能为截留水汽和促进水汽气泡的形成提供成核位置。例如，简单地将一传热面弄粗糙就能提供成核位置，这种成核位置就能够使表面的传热特性比类似的光滑表面有所提高。
例如空调或致冷系统中的蒸发器的沸腾液体致冷剂中，凹腔型的成核位置能产生稳定的气泡柱和良好的传热性能。凹腔型的成核位置是一个表面空腔，其中的空腔开口比空腔的表面下的容积小。周围液体的过多的注入能使一凹腔型成核位置溢出并使之失去活力。将传热表面构造得使其具有较大的表面下连通通道，而通向表面的开口相对来说则比较小，这样就能使水汽截留或成核位置的满溢减少或被防止，从而改善表面的传热状况。
本发明的目的是提供一种可进一步改善传热管的总体热传递性能的传热管。
本发明的目的是这样来实现的：提供一种改进的热交换管或传热管，它包括：多个围绕所述管子螺旋形设置的外卷旋翅片；围绕所述管子每隔一定距离径向地延伸入所述卷旋翅片的多个凹槽；每一所述凹槽具有一与所述管子的纵轴成一倾斜角的底座轴线，所述多个凹槽将所述卷旋翅片分成一具有最大宽度的翅片根部和一尖端部分。其特点是：所述尖端部分具有单个扁平末端，并具有：一既大于所述翅片根部的最大宽度又足够大的最大宽度，从而使所述尖端与两相邻的卷旋翅片的尖端重叠；以及一与所述凹槽底座轴线倾斜的末端轴线。
与一传统型翅片管相比翅片上的凹槽还增加了管子的外表面面积。而且，扁平翅片尖端构造和藉这些尖端形成的凹腔促进了管子外表面上成核的沸腾。
通过在一内心轴和外成翅机之间滚轧管壁能在管子外表面上形成翅片的成翅机的刀具组之外加上一个凹槽盘就能简便和经济地完成这种带槽的翅片管的制造。
所附的各附图构成本说明书的一部分，在各附图中，凡相同的标号均表示相同的构件。
图1是本发明的管子的示意图。
图2是示出了本发明的管子是如何制造的视图。
图3是本发明的管子的部分外表面的平面视图。
图4是本发明的管子的单卷旋翅片的一部分的平面视图。
图5是本发明的管子的单卷旋翅片的一般截面剖视图。
图5A、5B、5C和5D是分别沿图4中线5A-5A、5B-5B、5C-5D、5D-5D截取的、本发明的管子的单卷旋翅片的截面剖视图。
图1是热交换管或传热管10的示意图。热交换管10包括管壁11、管内表面12和管外表面13。从管壁11的外表面延伸出来的是外翅片22。管子10具有外径Do，Do中包含翅片的高度。
本发明的管子可以通过滚轧加工而较方便地制造。图2示出了这种加工方法。在图2中，成翅机60运转在由一种可锻的金属例如铜制成的管子10上，以在管子上加工出内肋和外翅。成翅机60具有一个或多个刀轴61，每一轴含有刀具组62，由一些成翅盘63、凹槽轮66和光滑轮67组成。在管内延伸的是其上装有心轴64的心轴轴65。
当管子10旋转时，管壁11压在心轴64和成翅盘63之间。在压力下，金属流入成翅盘之间的凹槽内从而在管子的外表面上形成一脊或翅片。由于管子旋转，管子10在心轴64和刀具组62之间(图2中从左至右)向前推进从而在管子上形成一些螺旋卷旋翅片，其数目随成翅机上使用的刀具组61的数目而变。在同一次加工过程中在刀具组62在管子10上形成翅片后，凹槽轮66将斜槽压入翅片随后光滑轮67平整和展开翅片的末端。
心轴64如图2所示，它将以某种式样的花纹压入从其上经过的管子管壁的内表面。一种典型的花纹是一个或多个螺旋卷旋肋条。这种花纹能提高流过管子的流体和管壁之间的热交换效率。
图3以平面视图示出了管子外表面的一部分。从管子10的外表面13延伸的是一些卷旋翅片20。每隔一段距离倾斜地延伸穿过每一卷旋翅片的是凹槽30的花纹。在一给定的卷旋翅片中每一对相邻凹槽之间是一具有一末端23的翅片尖端22。相邻卷旋翅片之间的翅片节距或间距为Pf。
图4是本发明的管子的单卷旋翅片的一部分的平面图。凹槽底座31与管子纵轴AT间的倾斜夹角是角α。翅片末端23与管子纵轴AT间的倾斜角是β。在管子的制造过程中(参看图2)，由于旋转和推进管子10、凹槽轮66和光滑轮67间的相互作用，尖端22的轴线从凹槽轮轮齿和卷旋翅片之间的角度稍稍偏过从而使末端轴线角β相对于角α倾斜，即β≠α。
图5是本发明的管子的单卷旋翅片的伪截面剖视图。我们使用术语“伪”是由于从卷旋翅片的任一部分截取的截面不大可能完全如图5所示的截面。但是该图有助于说明管子的众多特征。卷旋翅片20自管壁11向外延伸。卷旋翅片20具有翅片根部21和尖端22。在示出的伪截面中延伸穿过翅片的是一具有凹槽底座32的凹槽。卷旋翅片20的总体高度是Hf。翅片根部21的宽度是Wr并且尖端22的宽度的最大尺寸是Wt。尖端22的外末端是末端23。深入卷旋翅片的凹槽距离或凹槽深度是Dn。在制造加工过程中凹槽轮66(图2)不是将凹槽从卷旋翅片上切割下而是将凹槽压入卷旋翅片。来自卷旋翅片的凹槽部分的多余材料移至相邻凹槽间的区域内并从卷旋翅片的侧边向外移以及朝着卷旋翅片侧边上的管壁11向外移。因此，Wt明显大于Wr并且足够大从而使在相邻卷旋翅片上的末端相互重叠从而在相邻卷旋翅片之间以及在重叠的末端下形成凹腔。
图5A、5B、5C和5D是分别沿图4中线5A-5A、5B-5B、5C-5C和5D-5D截取的卷旋翅片20的截面剖视图。这些视图与图5的伪视图相比更准确地示出了在各点处的带槽卷旋翅片20的结构。结合图5所述的带槽卷旋翅片的特征同样适用于图5A、5B、5C和5D的说明。
我们对一根据本发明制得的样管进行了测试，该管具有一为1.9厘米(3/4英寸)的公称外直径(Do)，0.61毫米(0.0241英寸)的翅片高度，每厘米管长具有22个卷旋翅片的翅片密度(每英寸56个卷旋翅片)，每圆周卷旋翅片有122个凹槽，凹槽的轴线与管子纵轴(AT)的倾斜夹角为45度以及0.20毫米(0.008英寸)的槽深。该测试的样管具有三个卷旋翅片，或者，用技术行话来说具有三个“翅曲”。
从测试数据而得的推论显示了本发明的管子的卷旋外表面结构适用于具有从12.5毫米(1/2英寸)至25毫米(1英寸)的公称外直径的管子，其中：
a)每厘米管长有13至28个卷旋翅片(每英寸有33至70个卷旋翅片)，即，翅片节距为0.36至0.84毫米(0.014至0.033英寸)，或者
0.36毫米≤Pf≤0.84毫米(0.014英寸≤Pf≤0.033英寸)，
b)翅片高度与管子外径之比在0.02和0.05之间，或者
                  0.02≤Hf/Do≤0.05；
c)卷旋翅片上凹槽的密度为每厘米有17至32个凹槽(每英寸42至81个凹槽)；
d)凹槽轴线和管子纵轴之间的夹角在40至70度之间，或者
                    40°≤α≤70°
e)凹槽深度为翅片高度的0.2至0.8倍，或者
                    0.2≤Dn/Hf≤0.8
卷旋翅片或“翘曲翅片”的最佳数目更多地取决于制造的简易性而不是卷旋翅片数目对热交换性能的作用大小。
翘曲数的增加增加了能设在管子表面上的卷旋翅片的分布率但也增加了成翅工具上的应力。

Claims (3)

1.一种改进的热交换管或传热管(10)，它包括：
多个围绕所述管子螺旋形设置的外卷旋翅片(20)；
围绕所述管子每隔一定距离径向地延伸入所述卷旋翅片的多个凹槽(30)；每一所述凹槽具有一与所述管子的纵轴(AT)成一倾斜角(α)的底座轴线，所述多个凹槽将所述卷旋翅片分成一具有最大宽度(Wr)的翅片根部(21)和一尖端部分(22)，其特征在于：
所述尖端部分具有单个扁平末端(23)，并具有：一既大于所述翅片根部的最大宽度(Wt)又足够大的最大宽度(Wt)，从而使所述尖端与两相邻的卷旋翅片的尖端重叠；以及一与所述凹槽底座轴线倾斜的末端轴线(β)。
2.如权利要求1所述的热交换管，其特征在于：
每厘米管子上有13至28个卷旋翅片(每英寸33至70个卷旋翅片)；
所述卷旋翅片的高度(Hf)与所述管子的外径Do)之比(Hf/Do)在0.020和0.05之间；
所述卷旋翅片上的所述凹槽密度为每厘米有17至32个凹槽(每英寸42至81个凹槽)；
所述凹槽的深度是所述卷旋翅片高度的0.2至0.8倍；
每一所述凹槽均具有一与所述管子的纵轴(AT)成一倾斜角(α)的底座轴线；
所述凹槽底座轴线与所述管子纵轴之间的夹角在40至70度之间。
3.如权利要求1所述的热交换管，其特征在于：
所述卷旋翅片(20)由一成翅盘(63)和心轴(64)的相互作用形成，它从所述管子的外表面延伸；
多个凹槽(30)藉一凹槽轮(66)构成，它围绕所述管子的圆周每隔一定间距径向地伸入所述卷旋翅片，并将所述卷旋翅片分成所述翅片根部(21)和所述尖端部分(22)，每一所述凹槽具有一与所述管子的纵轴(AT)呈一倾斜角(α)的底座轴线；
所述尖端部分(22)的扁平末端(23)藉所述凹槽轮和一光滑轮(67)而形成。
CN95118177A 1994-11-17 1995-11-17 传热管 Expired - Fee Related CN1090750C (zh)

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CN1129316A (zh) 1996-08-21
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EP0713072A2 (en) 1996-05-22
US5669441A (en) 1997-09-23
JPH08219674A (ja) 1996-08-30
KR0173017B1 (ko) 1999-03-20
US5781996A (en) 1998-07-21
EP0713072B1 (en) 2002-02-27
KR960018509A (ko) 1996-06-17
ES2171519T3 (es) 2002-09-16
DE69525594T2 (de) 2002-08-22

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