CN114752142A - 一种铯化钨体系透明隔热母粒及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种铯化钨体系透明隔热母粒及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- OSIVCXJNIBEGCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-octoxypiperidin-4-yl) decanedioate Chemical compound C1C(C)(C)N(OCCCCCCCC)C(C)(C)CC1OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC1CC(C)(C)N(OCCCCCCCC)C(C)(C)C1 OSIVCXJNIBEGCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XITRBUPOXXBIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) decanedioate Chemical compound C1C(C)(C)NC(C)(C)CC1OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC1CC(C)(C)NC(C)(C)C1 XITRBUPOXXBIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种铯化钨体系透明隔热母粒及其制备方法，包括树脂、HALS、改性Cs0.33WO3纳米浆料、紫外吸收助剂、抗氧剂及催化剂；制备时将树脂、HALS、抗氧剂、紫外吸收助剂及催化剂搅拌，加入改性Cs0.33WO3纳米浆料，于90‑110℃条件下原位挤出酯交换反应，制得该隔热母粒。本发明的隔热母粒通过采用Cs0.33WO3纳米浆料与HALS、树脂共混挤出进行酯交换，将纳米金属氧化物、HALS枝接到高分子链，使得纳米分散均匀、折射率均一、雾度低，且提高了短波蓝光的吸收以及耐老化稳定性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于隔热母粒领域，尤其涉及一种铯化钨体系透明隔热母粒及其制备方法。
背景技术
当前全世界面临环境问题与能源危机，发展新型节能环保相关装备与材料意义重大。国内每年夏日太阳辐照热量约每平米800W，高温造成的室内空调电力消耗、汽车内油耗等能源不可估量。目前技术采用隔热玻璃或者贴隔热太阳膜，但太阳膜的生产制造本身就是对化石能源的消耗，在玻璃生产过程中直接添加隔热功能材料更直接、环保、节能。现有技术中隔热玻璃多采用如：氧化锡锑(ATO)、氧化铟锡(ITO)等或采用玻璃中空结构隔热、表面溅射金属反射型材料方式，在保证透明度等国标的前提下，隔热效果很难满足人们的需求。近几年，铯化钨青铜纳米隔热材料因其隔热率高，透明性好得到快速发展；然而光致变色的特性、粉体偏蓝以及隔热玻璃中分散不均匀的瓶颈限制其大规模应用。
因此，现亟需一种纳米分散均匀、折射率均一、雾度低、吸收短波蓝光以及耐老化稳定性高的隔热玻璃中间层产品。
发明内容
发明目的：本发明的第一目的是提供一种纳米分散均匀、折射率均一、雾度低、吸收短波蓝光以及耐老化稳定性高的铯化钨体系透明隔热母粒；
本发明的第二目的是提供上述隔热母粒的制备方法。
技术方案：本发明的铯化钨体系透明隔热母粒，按质量分数计包括如下原料：树脂45-70％、HALS 2-5％、改性Cs0.33WO3纳米浆料25-50％、紫外吸收助剂0.1-0.3％、抗氧剂0.2-0.3％、催化剂0.2-0.5％。
进一步说，该隔热母粒采用的HALS为质量比1:1-5的癸二酸酯类及2,2'-[1,4-苯基烯-双[亚氨基-(1-乙酰基-2-氧代-2,1-乙二基-偶氮]]双-1,4-苯二羧酸,四甲基酯的混合物。
进一步说，该隔热母粒的结构式为HALS-g-树脂-g-Cs0.33WO3，如下所示：
其中，
为改性Cs0.33WO3；
为2,2'-[1,4-苯基烯-双[亚氨基-(1-乙酰基-2-氧代-2,1-乙二基-偶氮]]双-1,4-苯二羧酸,四甲基酯；
为癸二酸酯类。
进一步说，该隔热母粒采用的癸二酸酯类包括双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯、癸二酸双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)酯或双(1-辛氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯。
进一步说，该隔热母粒采用的紫外吸收助剂可包括UV326、UV-P或UV-1577；抗氧剂可包括抗氧剂1010、1076、245或626；催化剂可包括乙酸钾或氢氧化钾。
进一步说，该隔热母粒采用的树脂可为EVA或PVB树脂。
进一步说，该隔热母粒采用的改性Cs0.33WO3纳米浆料按质量分数计包括如下原料：钨酸铯粉体35-50％、助剂0.5-4％、丙三醇1-8％、丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯35-50％、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵0.5-3％；其中，所述助剂为质量比1:5-8的三乙二醇二异辛酸酯及γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷的混合物。
进一步说，该隔热母粒采用的改性Cs0.33WO3纳米浆料由如下步骤制得：将钨酸铯粉体、助剂、丙三醇和丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯混合球磨4-6h；随后加入十六烷基三甲基溴化铵球磨分散6-10h，离心1.5-3h，制得80-130nm的Cs0.33WO3纳米浆料。
进一步说，该隔热母粒采用的钨酸铯粉体由如下步骤制得：将Cs/W摩尔比为1:3的碳酸铯粉体和三氧化钨粉体加水混合置于加热台上，搅拌蒸干水蒸气制得粉体；将该粉体研磨1-3h后过筛，并于650-750℃、保护气条件下热处理2-5h，制得深蓝色钨酸铯粉体。
本发明制备上述铯化钨体系透明隔热母粒的方法，包括如下步骤：将树脂、HALS、抗氧剂、紫外吸收助剂及催化剂搅拌2-10min，加入改性Cs0.33WO3纳米浆料，于90-110℃条件下原位挤出酯交换反应，制得该隔热母粒。
反应原理：本发明通过将Cs0.33WO3进行助剂及表面活性剂改性后，纳米颗粒表面形成带有酯基的高分子链段，同时阳离子表面活性剂CTAB的位阻及电荷效应促使纳米颗粒均匀分散；再将其与含有酯基的EVA或PVB树脂、HALS在一定条件下进行酯交换反应，利用弱碱条件下双螺杆挤出高剪切高压力状态，将HALS与改性Cs0.33WO3接枝到EVA或PVB分子链上；最终经过水冷拉丝切料工序，形成稳定的隔热、耐老化、吸蓝光新型功能高分子母粒HALS-g-EVA/PVB-g-Cs0.33WO3。具体原理如下所示：
有益效果：与现有技术相比，本发明的显著优点为：该隔热母粒通过采用Cs0.33WO3纳米浆料与HALS、树脂共混挤出进行酯交换，将纳米金属氧化物、HALS枝接到高分子链，使得纳米分散均匀、折射率均一、雾度低，且提高了吸收短波蓝光以及耐老化稳定性。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明的技术方案做进一步详细说明。需指出的是，本发明采用的原料均可购自市售。
实施例1
1、Cs0.33WO3粉体固相热法制备
Cs0.33WO3粉体的制备方法包括如下步骤：将Cs/W摩尔比为1:3的碳酸铯白色粉体和三氧化钨淡黄色粉体混入到装有去离子水的容器中，置于加热台上；在机械搅拌的作用下，调高加热台的温度至130℃，让水蒸气逐渐蒸干；最后将所得到的粉体用纳米砂磨机进行研磨2h，并用500-800目的筛网过筛，将过筛之后的粉体置于管式炉中，在H2/N2(5％/95％)的混合气氛中进行700℃高温热处理3h，制得深蓝色的钨酸铯粉体。
2、改性Cs0.33WO3纳米浆料制备
(1)原料
该改性Cs0.33WO3纳米浆料制备所包含的原料如下表1所示。
表1改性Cs0.33WO3纳米浆料原料
该改性Cs0.33WO3纳米浆料制备方法包括如下步骤：将上述热处理好的钨酸铯粉体、硅烷偶联剂、丙三醇和丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯置于纳米砂磨机处理5h；随后加入十六烷基三甲基溴化铵，在高能球磨机中进行球磨分散处理8h，最后放入离心机中，在4000r/min条件下离心2h，取2/3上层分散液，制得分散粒径80-130nm的改性Cs0.33WO3纳米均匀浆料。
3、铯化钨体系透明隔热母粒制备
(1)原料
该铯化钨体系透明隔热母粒制备所包含的原料如下表2所示。
表2铯化钨体系透明隔热母粒原料
该铯化钨体系透明隔热母粒的制备方法包括如下步骤：首先将EVA树脂粉混合HALS、紫外吸收助剂、抗氧剂及催化剂在高速搅拌器600r/min条件下搅拌2min，吸入双螺杆挤出机料口；随后将改性Cs0.33WO3浆料通过液体称注入挤出机第二进料口，挤出机温度100℃，保持挤出量70kg/h，原位挤出酯交换反应得到的拉丝，用切粒机切料制得隔热母粒。
该隔热母粒同样可制备成隔热浆料，具体的制备方法包括如下步骤：将挤出酯交换反应制备的隔热母粒与溶剂按质量比1:1混合，在60℃温度下超声搅拌40min，制得隔热纳米粉分散浆料。其中，溶剂可为丙酮，乙酸乙酯，二甲苯，丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯或乙醇的一种及其混合物。
实施例2
1、Cs0.33WO3粉体固相热法制备
Cs0.33WO3粉体的制备方法包括如下步骤：将Cs/W摩尔比为1:3的碳酸铯白色粉体和三氧化钨淡黄色粉体混入到装有去离子水的容器中，置于加热台上；在机械搅拌的作用下，调高加热台的温度至120℃，让水蒸气逐渐蒸干；最后将所得到的粉体用纳米砂磨机进行研磨1h，并用500-800目的筛网过筛，将过筛之后的粉体置于管式炉中，在H2/N2(5％/95％)的混合气氛中进行650℃高温热处理5h，制得深蓝色的钨酸铯粉体。
2、改性Cs0.33WO3纳米浆料制备
(1)原料
该改性Cs0.33WO3纳米浆料制备所包含的原料如下表3所示。
表3改性Cs0.33WO3纳米浆料原料
该改性Cs0.33WO3纳米浆料制备方法包括如下步骤：将上述热处理好的钨酸铯粉体、硅烷偶联剂、丙三醇和丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯置于纳米砂磨机处理4h；随后加入十六烷基三甲基溴化铵，在高能球磨机中进行球磨分散处理6h，最后放入离心机中，在3000r/min条件下离心3h，取2/3上层分散液，制得分散粒径80-130nm的改性Cs0.33WO3纳米均匀浆料。
3、铯化钨体系透明隔热母粒制备
(1)原料
该铯化钨体系透明隔热母粒制备所包含的原料如下表4所示。
表4铯化钨体系透明隔热母粒原料
该铯化钨体系透明隔热母粒的制备方法包括如下步骤：首先将PVB树脂粉混合HALS、紫外吸收助剂、抗氧剂及催化剂在高速搅拌器500r/min条件下搅拌6min，吸入双螺杆挤出机料口；随后将改性Cs0.33WO3浆料通过液体称注入挤出机第二进料口，挤出机温度90℃，保持挤出量50kg/h，原位挤出酯交换反应得到的拉丝，用切粒机切料制得隔热母粒。
该隔热母粒同样可制备成隔热浆料，具体的制备方法包括如下步骤：将挤出酯交换反应制备的隔热母粒与溶剂按质量比1:1混合，在60℃温度下超声搅拌30min，制得隔热纳米粉分散浆料。其中，溶剂可为丙酮，乙酸乙酯，二甲苯，丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯或乙醇的一种及其混合物。
实施例3
1、Cs0.33WO3粉体固相热法制备
Cs0.33WO3粉体的制备方法包括如下步骤：将Cs/W摩尔比为1:3的碳酸铯白色粉体和三氧化钨淡黄色粉体混入到装有去离子水的容器中，置于加热台上；在机械搅拌的作用下，调高加热台的温度至140℃，让水蒸气逐渐蒸干；最后将所得到的粉体用纳米砂磨机进行研磨3h，并用500-800目的筛网过筛，将过筛之后的粉体置于管式炉中，在H2/N2(5％/95％)的混合气氛中进行750℃高温热处理2h，制得深蓝色的钨酸铯粉体。
2、改性Cs0.33WO3纳米浆料制备
(1)原料
该改性Cs0.33WO3纳米浆料制备所包含的原料如下表5所示。
表5改性Cs0.33WO3纳米浆料原料
该改性Cs0.33WO3纳米浆料制备方法包括如下步骤：将上述热处理好的钨酸铯粉体、硅烷偶联剂、丙三醇和丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯置于纳米砂磨机处理6h；随后加入十六烷基三甲基溴化铵，在高能球磨机中进行球磨分散处理10h，最后放入离心机中，在5000r/min条件下离心1.5h，取2/3上层分散液，制得分散粒径80-130nm的改性Cs0.33WO3纳米均匀浆料。
3、铯化钨体系透明隔热母粒制备
(1)原料
该铯化钨体系透明隔热母粒制备所包含的原料如下表6所示。
表6铯化钨体系透明隔热母粒原料
该铯化钨体系透明隔热母粒的制备方法包括如下步骤：首先将EVA树脂粉混合HALS、紫外吸收助剂、抗氧剂及催化剂在高速搅拌器500r/min条件下搅拌10min，吸入双螺杆挤出机料口；随后将改性Cs0.33WO3浆料通过液体称注入挤出机第二进料口，挤出机温度110℃，保持挤出量80kg/h，原位挤出酯交换反应得到的拉丝，用切粒机切料制得隔热母粒。
该隔热母粒同样可制备成隔热浆料，具体的制备方法包括如下步骤：将挤出酯交换反应制备的隔热母粒与溶剂按质量比1:1混合，在60℃温度下超声搅拌50min，制得隔热纳米粉分散浆料。其中，溶剂可为丙酮，乙酸乙酯，二甲苯，丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯或乙醇的一种及其混合物。
实施例4
1、Cs0.33WO3粉体固相热法制备
与实施例1相同。
2、改性Cs0.33WO3纳米浆料制备
(1)原料
该改性Cs0.33WO3纳米浆料制备所包含的原料如下表7所示。
表7改性Cs0.33WO3纳米浆料原料
该改性Cs0.33WO3纳米浆料制备方法与实施例1基本相同。
3、铯化钨体系透明隔热母粒制备
(1)原料
该铯化钨体系透明隔热母粒制备所包含的原料如下表8所示。
表8铯化钨体系透明隔热母粒原料
该铯化钨体系透明隔热母粒的制备方法与实施例1基本相同。
该隔热母粒同样可制备成隔热浆料，具体的制备方法与实施例1基本相同。
实施例5
1、Cs0.33WO3粉体固相热法制备
与实施例1基本相同
2、改性Cs0.33WO3纳米浆料制备
(1)原料
该改性Cs0.33WO3纳米浆料制备所包含的原料如下表9所示。
表9改性Cs0.33WO3纳米浆料原料
该改性Cs0.33WO3纳米浆料制备方法与实施例1基本相同。
3、铯化钨体系透明隔热母粒制备
(1)原料
该铯化钨体系透明隔热母粒制备所包含的原料如下表10所示。
表10铯化钨体系透明隔热母粒原料
该铯化钨体系透明隔热母粒的制备方法与实施例1基本相同。
该隔热母粒同样可制备成隔热浆料，具体的制备方法与实施例1基本相同。
对比例
采用共混法制备隔热母粒，其采用的原料如下表11所示。
表11对比例的隔热母粒原料
| 序号 | 原料 | 含量 |
| 1 | EVA树脂 | 58.6 |
| 3 | 普通Cs<sub>0.33</sub>WO<sub>3</sub>纳米浆料 | 40.8 |
| 4 | 紫外吸收助剂(UV326) | 0.2 |
| 5 | 抗氧剂(抗氧剂1010) | 0.4 |
该隔热母粒的制备方法包括如下步骤：将EVA树脂粉混合普通Cs0.33WO3浆料、紫外吸收助剂、抗氧剂在高速搅拌器600r/min条件下搅拌2min，吸入双螺杆挤出机料口；，挤出机温度100℃，保持挤出量70kg/h，共混挤出拉丝，用切粒机切料制得隔热母粒。
本发明制备的隔热母粒的结构式为HALS-g-EVA/PVB-g-Cs0.33WO3，具体如下：
其中，
为改性Cs0.33WO3；
为2,2'-[1,4-苯基烯-双[亚氨基-(1-乙酰基-2-氧代-2,1-乙二基-偶氮]]双-1,4-苯二羧酸,四甲基酯；
为癸二酸酯类。
性能检测
将上述制备的隔热母粒或者浆料按0.5-1％的添加量加入夹胶玻璃的生产过程中，得到PVB、EVA隔热胶片，并对其进行性能检测，所获得的结果如下表12所示。
表12实施例1-5及对比例所制备的隔热母粒性能表
通过表12可知，本发明通过采用Cs0.33WO3纳米浆料与HALS、树脂共混挤出进行酯交换，将纳米金属氧化物、HALS枝接到高分子链，使得纳米分散均匀、折射率均一、雾度低，且提高了吸收短波蓝光以及耐老化稳定性。此外，通过拉伸强度和伸长率可知，本发明的Cs0.33WO3纳米浆料与HALS均已接枝到树脂上，形成了接枝物，提高了断裂伸长率。
Claims (10)
1.一种铯化钨体系透明隔热母粒，其特征在于：该隔热母粒按质量分数计包括如下原料：树脂45-70％、HALS 2-5％、改性Cs0.33WO3纳米浆料25-50％、紫外吸收助剂0.1-0.3％、抗氧剂0.2-0.3％、催化剂0.2-0.5％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的铯化钨体系透明隔热母粒，其特征在于：所述HALS为质量比1:1-5的癸二酸酯类及2,2'-[1,4-苯基烯-双[亚氨基-(1-乙酰基-2-氧代-2,1-乙二基-偶氮]]双-1,4-苯二羧酸,四甲基酯的混合物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的铯化钨体系透明隔热母粒，其特征在于：该隔热母粒的结构式为HALS-g-树脂-g-Cs0.33WO3，如下所示：
其中，
为改性Cs0.33WO3；
为2,2'-[1,4-苯基烯-双[亚氨基-(1-乙酰基-2-氧代-2,1-乙二基-偶氮]]双-1,4-苯二羧酸,四甲基酯；
为癸二酸酯类。
4.根据权利要求2所述的铯化钨体系透明隔热母粒，其特征在于：所述癸二酸酯类包括双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯、癸二酸双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)酯或双(1-辛氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯。
5.根据权利要求1所述的铯化钨体系透明隔热母粒，其特征在于：所述紫外吸收助剂包括UV326、UV-P或UV-1577；抗氧剂包括抗氧剂1010、1076、245或626；催化剂包括乙酸钾或氢氧化钾。
6.根据权利要求1所述的铯化钨体系透明隔热母粒，其特征在于：所述树脂为EVA或PVB树脂。
7.根据权利要求1所述的铯化钨体系透明隔热母粒，其特征在于：所述改性Cs0.33WO3纳米浆料按质量分数计包括如下原料：钨酸铯粉体35-50％、助剂0.5-4％、丙三醇1-8％、丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯35-50％、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵0.5-3％；其中，所述助剂为质量比1:5-8的三乙二醇二异辛酸酯及γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷的混合物。
8.根据权利要求7所述的铯化钨体系透明隔热母粒，其特征在于：所述改性Cs0.33WO3纳米浆料由如下步骤制得：将钨酸铯粉体、助剂、丙三醇和丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯混合球磨4-6h；随后加入十六烷基三甲基溴化铵球磨分散6-10h，离心1.5-3h，制得80-130nm的Cs0.33WO3纳米浆料。
9.根据权利要求7所述的铯化钨体系透明隔热母粒，其特征在于：所述钨酸铯粉体由如下步骤制得：将Cs/W摩尔比为1:3的碳酸铯粉体和三氧化钨粉体加水混合置于加热台上，搅拌蒸干水蒸气制得粉体；将该粉体研磨1-3h后过筛，并于650-750℃、保护气条件下热处理2-5h，制得深蓝色钨酸铯粉体。
10.一种制备权利要求1所述铯化钨体系透明隔热母粒的方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：将树脂、HALS、抗氧剂、紫外吸收助剂及催化剂搅拌2-10min，加入改性Cs0.33WO3纳米浆料，于90-110℃条件下原位挤出酯交换反应，制得该隔热母粒。
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