CN117681524A - 一种高反射耐紫外光伏组件间隙膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高反射耐紫外光伏组件间隙膜及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高反射耐紫外光伏组件间隙膜及其制备方法,厚度为30~100μm,400~1200nm的平均反射率≥88%;结构为ABA三层结构;A层原料包括5~15份的混合耐UV剂及85~95份的PET树脂;B层原料包括3~5份耐水解聚酯切片,15~20份反射粒子,0.05~0.1份荧光增白剂,65~75份PET树脂。本发明通过对间隙膜原料及制备工艺的改进,在较少的耐水解剂添加量下,即可使间隙膜具有良好的耐水解性能;同时可使间隙膜在无需镀铝及较小的厚度条件下,就能获得较高的反射率,便于其在光伏组件中的应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及光伏组件技术领域,尤其是涉及一种高反射耐紫外光伏组件间隙膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
太阳能是具有巨大开发潜力的可再生清洁能源,太阳能电池是通过光电效应或者光化学效应直接把太阳能转化成电能的装置,为了正确使用和保护太阳能电池,太阳能光伏组件应运而生。在光伏组件中,电池片之间一般都会存在一定间隙,这是因为电池片之间会焊接铜带,如果靠的太近,电池会短路;此外,太阳能板中留有间距也是为了满足不同的电压需求,电池片的间距由太阳能板的功率决定的,功率越大,电池片间距越大。从间隙中透过的光无法被电池片利用,使得太阳能光伏组件的有效面积减小,光电效率降低。
为了提高光电效率,很多光伏组件电池片间隙都使用了具有反射效果的间隙膜。目前,间隙膜一般采用多层结构,通过在PET基膜表面设置镀铝层,实现其对光线的较好反射效果。例如专利CN219085989U中公开的一种光伏组件用间隙膜,包括基膜层以及凹面棱镜结构层、白色高反射率涂层以及EVA树脂粘接层。现有的间隙膜中,反光主要依靠镀铝层,PET基膜主要起支撑作用,这种多层结构的间隙膜镀铝工艺较为复杂,成本高;并且含铝的间隙膜易导电,贴在光伏电池间的焊接带上时,易导致电池短路。另外,光伏组件中电池片与背玻或背板间距较小,留给间隙膜的空间更小,这要求薄膜厚度要尽可能的薄,而现有的棱镜镀铝间隙膜的厚度一般都较厚,容易将不同的电池片串在一起,影响电池片发电效率,甚至造成电池片损坏。
同时,光伏组件通常工作环境温度为-40℃~85℃,环境湿度为0~100%RH,面对既可能是炙热干燥的沙漠,也可能是寒冷多雪的平原的工作环境,这对于光伏组件提出了更高的要求。现有的间隙膜的支撑基材一般为PET材质,PET对于气体和水蒸气渗透率低,但是在高温高湿中容易水解,目前光伏组件采用的是双玻或者单玻结构,虽然对于水分有一定阻隔,但对于高要求的光伏组件而言,光伏反射膜也需要具有一定的耐水解性能。而为了提升光伏反射膜的耐水解性,目前最常见的方法是在PET基体中加入耐水解剂聚碳化二亚胺,起到稳定的作用,即聚碳化二亚胺与体系中的带羧基的物质反应,生成稳定的酰尿,从而起到抑制水解的进行,提高聚酯材料的耐水解性能,如专利CN103627150A所述。但聚碳化二亚胺成本高,不利于目前光伏组件的降本要求。
发明内容
本发明是为了克服现有技术中的光伏组件间隙膜存在的上述问题,提供一种高反射耐紫外光伏组件间隙膜及其制备方法,通过对间隙膜原料及制备工艺的改进,在较少的耐水解剂添加量下,即可使间隙膜具有良好的耐水解性能;同时可使间隙膜在无需镀铝及较小的厚度条件下,就能获得较高的反射率,便于其在光伏组件中的应用。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种高反射耐紫外光伏组件间隙膜,厚度为30~100μm,400~1200nm的平均反射率≥88%;结构为ABA三层结构;
其中A层为耐候层,以重量份计,原料包括5~15份的混合耐UV剂及85~95份的PET树脂;B层为高性能反射层,以重量份计,原料包括3~5份耐水解聚酯切片,15~20份反射粒子,0.05~0.1份荧光增白剂,65~75份PET树脂;
所述PET树脂的特性粘度为0.72~0.80dL/g,端羧基含量小于12mol/t;所述耐水解聚酯切片中碳化二胺的含量为13~14wt%;所述的反射粒子为粒径200nm的金红石型TiO2。
本发明采用ABA三层结构的PET薄膜作为光伏组件间隙膜,在表面层A层中添加混合耐UV剂,使薄膜具有良好的耐候性,提升间隙膜的使用寿命;在B层中添加金红石型TiO2作为反射粒子,并添加少量荧光增白剂,可使薄膜在不设置表面镀铝层的情况下,获得较好的反射性能,避免了镀铝层容易导致的电池短路,并简化了间隙膜的制备工艺。同时,本发明通过对PET树脂的特性粘度及反射粒子粒径、用量等的控制,使得到的间隙膜在较薄的厚度下,各项性能即可满足使用要求,便于其在光伏组件中的应用。本发明中的间隙膜在30~100μm的厚度下400~1200nm的平均反射率可达到88%以上,具有优异的反射性能。并且,本发明对PET树脂的端羧基含量进行严格控制,提升其耐水解性能,使得在较少的耐水解聚酯切片的添加量下,间隙膜就可以具备良好的耐水性性,大大降低了耐水解剂碳化二胺的用量,有利于满足光伏组件的降本要求。
作为优选,厚度为35~75μm。
作为优选,B层的总厚度为高反射耐紫外光伏组件间隙膜总厚度的80~90%。
作为优选,所述的混合耐UV剂包括质量比为1~2:1~2的苯并三唑类紫外线吸收剂及受阻胺类紫外线吸收剂。
作为优选,所述的荧光增白剂为OB-1。在B层中添加少量荧光增白剂,有利于与反射粒子相配合,使间隙膜在较薄的厚度下可具有较好的反射性能,并且不影响间隙膜的力学性能及耐水解性等其他性能。
本发明还提供了一种上述的高反射耐紫外光伏组件间隙膜的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)分别将A层和B层中的各原料混合,加入挤出机中,经三层共挤、冷却铸片后得到铸片;
(2)将铸片进行纵向拉伸,拉伸比为2.7~3.2;
(3)将铸片进行横向拉伸,拉伸比为3.3~3.7;
(4)将铸片进行热定型后,收卷得到所述高反射耐紫外光伏组件间隙膜;热定型包括四个阶段,第一阶段温度为200~205℃,时间3~20s;第二阶段温度为205~210℃,时间3~20s;第三阶段温度为180~185℃,时间1~10s;第四阶段温度为140~145℃,时间1~10s。
本发明在研究过程中发现,除了原料组成会对间隙膜的耐水解性能造成影响外,制备过程中的工艺条件同样也会对其造成显著影响。本发明根据间隙膜的原料组成,对其制备过程中的工艺条件也进行了相应改进,对纵向拉伸及横向拉伸的拉伸比进行限定,并对热定型工艺进行优化,进一步提升了间隙膜的耐水解性能,确保在降低耐水解剂的添加量的情况下,间隙膜也可以具备良好的耐水解性能。
作为优选,步骤(1)中将原料混合后先进行干燥,再加入挤出机中挤出;干燥温度为140~150℃,干燥时间1~5h。
作为优选,步骤(1)中三层共挤时的挤出机温度为260~280℃,冷却铸片时的温度为15~25℃。
作为优选,步骤(2)中纵向拉伸时的温度为70~80℃,纵向拉伸冷却温度20~30℃。
作为优选,步骤(3)中横向拉伸时的温度为70~90℃。
因此,本发明具有如下有益效果:
(1)在B层中添加金红石型TiO2作为反射粒子,并添加少量荧光增白剂,可使薄膜在不设置表面镀铝层的情况下,获得较好的反射性能,避免了镀铝层容易导致的电池短路,并简化了间隙膜的制备工艺;
(2)通过对PET树脂的特性粘度及反射粒子粒径、用量等的控制,使得到的间隙膜在30~100μm的较薄厚度下,各项性能即可满足使用要求;
(3)对PET树脂的端羧基含量进行严格控制,并对制备过程中的工艺条件进行优化,使得在较少的耐水解聚酯切片的添加量下,间隙膜就可以具备良好的耐水解性性,大大降低了耐水解剂碳化二胺的用量,有利于满足光伏组件的降本要求。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明做进一步的描述。
在本发明中,若非特指,所有设备和原料均可从市场购得或是本行业常用的,下述实施例中的方法,如无特别说明,均为本领域常规方法。
本发明实施例中采用的苯并三唑类紫外线吸收剂购自天津利安隆新材料有限公司,牌号UV-1577;受阻胺类紫外线吸收剂购自天津利安隆新材料有限公司,牌号UV-944;耐水解聚酯切片购自上海郎亿功能材料有限公司,切片中碳化二胺的含量为13.5wt%。
实施例1:
一种高反射耐紫外光伏组件间隙膜,结构为ABA三层结构,总厚度为50μm,其中两个A层分别占总厚度的7%,B层占总厚度的86%;
A层为耐候层,以重量份计,原料包括5份苯并三唑类紫外线吸收剂、5份受阻胺类紫外线吸收剂及90份的PET树脂(特性粘度为0.75dL/g,端羧基含量为8mol/t);
B层为高性能反射层,以重量份计,原料包括5份耐水解聚酯切片,20份粒径200nm的金红石型TiO2,0.1份荧光增白剂OB-1,74.9份PET树脂(特性粘度为0.75dL/g,端羧基含量为8mol/t)。
上述高反射耐紫外光伏组件间隙膜的制备方法步骤为:
(1)分别将A层和B层中的各原料按比例混合,在150℃下干燥3h;
(2)将干燥后的原料分别加入主挤出机和辅助挤出机中,经三层共挤、冷却铸片后得到铸片;挤出机温度260~280℃,冷却铸片温度为20℃;
(2)将铸片进行纵向拉伸,纵向拉伸温度为70~80℃,拉伸比为2.95;纵拉后冷却至20℃;(3)将铸片进行横向拉伸,横向拉伸温度为70~90℃,拉伸比为3.7;
(4)将铸片进行热定型后,收卷得到所述高反射耐紫外光伏组件间隙膜;热定型包括四个阶段,第一阶段温度为200℃,时间为6s;第二阶段温度为205℃,时间为6s;第三阶段温度为180℃,时间为3s;第四阶段温度为140℃,时间为3s。
实施例2:
实施例2与实施例1的区别在于,A层和B层中采用特性粘度为0.72dL/g,端羧基含量为12mol/t的PET树脂,其余均与实施例1中相同。
实施例3:
实施例3与实施例1的区别在于,A层和B层中采用特性粘度为0.80dL/g,端羧基含量为8mol/t的PET树脂,其余均与实施例1中相同。
实施例4:
实施例4与实施例1的区别在于,B层原料以重量份计包括3份耐水解聚酯切片,15份粒径200nm的金红石型TiO2,0.05份荧光增白剂OB-1,65份PET树脂(特性粘度为0.75dL/g,端羧基含量为8mol/t);其余均与实施例1中相同。
实施例5:
实施例5与实施例1的区别在于,热定型时四个阶段的温度分别为200℃、210℃、180℃、140℃;其余均与实施例1中相同。
对比例1:
对比例1与实施例1的区别在于,热定型时四个阶段的温度分别为200℃、230℃、180℃、140℃;其余均与实施例1中相同。
对比例2:
对比例2与实施例1的区别在于,热定型时四个阶段的温度分别为200℃、190℃、180℃、140℃;其余均与实施例1中相同。
对比例3:
对比例3与实施例1的区别在于,热定型时四个阶段的温度分别为210℃、200℃、180℃、140℃;其余均与实施例1中相同。
对比例4:
对比例4与实施例1的区别在于,横向拉伸时的拉伸比调整为3.0;其余均与实施例1中相同。
对比例5:
对比例5与实施例1的区别在于,横向拉伸时的拉伸比调整为4.5;其余均与实施例1中相同。
对比例6:
对比例6与实施例1的区别在于,A层和B层中采用特性粘度为0.68dL/g,端羧基含量为8mol/t的PET树脂,其余均与实施例1中相同。
对比例7:
对比例7与实施例1的区别在于,A层和B层中采用特性粘度为0.75dL/g,端羧基含量为30mol/t的PET树脂,其余均与实施例1中相同。
对比例8:
对比例8与实施例1的区别在于,A层和B层中采用特性粘度为0.90dL/g,端羧基含量为8mol/t的PET树脂,其余均与实施例1中相同。
对比例9:
对比例9与实施例1的区别在于,B层原料以重量份计包括5份耐水解聚酯切片,10份粒径200nm的金红石型TiO2,0.1份荧光增白剂OB-1,84.9份PET树脂(特性粘度为0.75dL/g,端羧基含量为8mol/t);其余均与实施例1中相同。
对比例10:
对比例10与实施例1的区别在于,B层原料以重量份计包括5份耐水解聚酯切片,30份粒径200nm的金红石型TiO2,0.1份荧光增白剂OB-1,64.9份PET树脂(特性粘度为0.75dL/g,端羧基含量为8mol/t);其余均与实施例1中相同。
对比例11:
对比例11与实施例1的区别在于,B层的原料中不添加耐水解聚酯切片,其余均与实施例1中相同。
对比例12:
对比例12与实施例1的区别在于,B层中采用400nm的金红石型TiO2作为反射粒子,其余均与实施例1中相同。
对比例13:
对比例13与实施例1的区别在于,B层中不添加荧光增白剂OB-1,其余均与实施例1中相同。
对上述实施例和对比例中制得的间隙膜的性能进行测试,结果如表1中所示。
其中,反射率的测试方法参考GB/T 3979-2008标准,通过分光光度计进行反射率测试,对400~1200nm的测试结果取平均值,即为平均反射率;
与EVA剥离力测试方法为:按照玻璃-EVA-间隙膜的顺序制作剥离样品,再对样品进行层压,层压后,参照剥离力测试条件GB/T31034-2014进行测试;
耐水解性能通过PCT48h断裂伸长率反映,PCT48h测试条件为121℃,100%RH;拉伸测试方法参照GB/T 13542.4-2009;
紫外反射率衰减率、黄变测试方法为:将间隙膜裁成5*5cm的样品,放置在加速紫外老化箱中,UV照射300kwh,老化条件:60℃,干燥环境;样品b值、反射率按照GB/T 3979-2008测试,反射率衰减率=(初始反射率-紫外后反射率)/初始反射率*100%,黄变△b=紫外后b值-初始b值;
电池增益测试方法为:将间隙膜贴在光伏组件中电池片之间的焊接带上,与未设置间隙膜的相同光伏组件同时放在日光下照射7天,测量各光伏组件的发电功率;计算设置了间隙膜的光伏组件与未设置间隙膜的光伏组件的发电功率提升率。
表1:间隙膜性能测试结果。
从表1中可以看出,实施例1~5中采用本发明中的原料配方及方法制得的间隙膜具有良好的反射性、耐水解性、耐紫外性能,用于光伏组件中可显著提升发电功率。
而对比例1中在热定型的第二阶段温度过高,超出本发明的温度范围,间隙膜与EVA剥离力和PCT48h断裂伸长率与实施例1中相比显著降低,耐水解性能变差;对比例2中在热定型的第二阶段温度过低,对比例3中改变热定型时第一阶段和第二阶段的温度,同样也会导致间隙膜同EVA剥离力、耐水解性能变差。说明热定型阶段的工艺条件对间隙膜的性能有较大影响。
对比例4及对比例5中降低或提高横向拉伸时的拉伸比,间隙膜与EVA的剥离力及PCT48h断裂伸长率与实施例1中相比均有所下降;说明拉伸工艺也会对间隙膜的耐水解性造成影响。
对比例6中PET树脂的特性粘度过低,导致间隙膜与EVA的剥离力、耐水解性能、耐UV性能与实施例1相比均有所下降。对比例7中PET树脂的端羧基含量过高,间隙膜与EVA的剥离力、耐水解、耐UV性能同样有所降低。对比例8中PET树脂的特性粘度过高,虽然耐水解性及与EVA的剥离力与实施例中相差不大,但间隙膜制备时成膜困难,容易破膜,成品率不高,不利于生产。
对比例9中加入的反射粒子较少,间隙膜的耐水解性能有所提升,但反射率不足,反射率衰减提高,电池增益降低。对比例10中加入的反射粒子过多,虽然反射率有所提升,但间隙膜的耐水解性差,不利于光伏组件的使用。
对比例11中不在B层中添加耐水解聚酯切片,间隙膜的耐水解性很差,难以满足光伏组件的使用要求。
对比例12中采用粒径较大的金红石型TiO2作为反射粒子,间隙膜对小波长的光线反射率下降,且耐水解性能与实施例1中相比有所下降。
对比例13中不在B层中添加荧光增白剂,间隙膜的反射性能无法达到本发明中的效果。
Claims (10)
1.一种高反射耐紫外光伏组件间隙膜,其特征是,厚度为30~100μm,400~1200nm的平均反射率≥88%;结构为ABA三层结构;
其中A层为耐候层,以重量份计,原料包括5~15份的混合耐UV剂及85~95份的PET树脂;B层为高性能反射层,以重量份计,原料包括3~5份耐水解聚酯切片,15~20份反射粒子,0.05~0.1份荧光增白剂,65~75份PET树脂;
所述PET树脂的特性粘度为0.72~0.80dL/g,端羧基含量小于12mol/t;所述耐水解聚酯切片中碳化二胺的含量为13~14wt%;所述的反射粒子为粒径200nm的金红石型TiO2。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高反射耐紫外光伏组件间隙膜,其特征是,厚度为35~75μm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高反射耐紫外光伏组件间隙膜,其特征是,B层的总厚度为高反射耐紫外光伏组件间隙膜总厚度的80~90%。
4.根据权利要求1或3所述的高反射耐紫外光伏组件间隙膜,其特征是,所述的混合耐UV剂包括质量比为1~2:1~2的苯并三唑类紫外线吸收剂及受阻胺类紫外线吸收剂。
5.根据权利要求1所述的高反射耐紫外光伏组件间隙膜,其特征是,所述的荧光增白剂为OB-1。
6.一种如权利要求1~5任一所述的高反射耐紫外光伏组件间隙膜的制备方法,其特征是,包括如下步骤:
(1)分别将A层和B层中的各原料混合,加入挤出机中,经三层共挤、冷却铸片后得到铸片;
(2)将铸片进行纵向拉伸,拉伸比为2.7~3.2;
(3)将铸片进行横向拉伸,拉伸比为3.3~3.7;
(4)将铸片进行热定型后,收卷得到所述高反射耐紫外光伏组件间隙膜;热定型包括四个阶段,第一阶段温度为200~205℃,时间3~20s;第二阶段温度为205~210℃,时间3~20s;第三阶段温度为180~185℃,时间1~10s;第四阶段温度为140~145℃,时间1~10s。
7.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征是,步骤(1)中将原料混合后先进行干燥,再加入挤出机中挤出;干燥温度为140~150℃,干燥时间1~5h。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的制备方法,其特征是,步骤(1)中三层共挤时的挤出机温度为260~280℃,冷却铸片时的温度为15~25℃。
9.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征是,步骤(2)中纵向拉伸时的温度为70~80℃,纵向拉伸冷却温度20~30℃。
10.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征是,步骤(3)中横向拉伸时的温度为70~90℃。
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