CN114751795A - Method for preparing sugarcane solid fertilizer by filtering residues from culture tail water - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing sugarcane fertilizer by filtering residues from culture tail water, which comprises the steps of filtering the culture tail water by microfilters with different small apertures to obtain fish manure and residual bait, and adding sugarcane filter mud and a compound fermentation microbial inoculum for aerobic composting to obtain the solid fertilizer. The solid fertilizer is synthesized according to the growth characteristics of the sugarcane and scientific treatment and proportion of the culture tail water residues, and meets the nutritional requirements of the sugarcane in the growth process. The invention filters the culture tail water, not only can scientifically treat the culture tail water, improve the purification level and quality of the culture tail water, but also can improve the yield and quality of the sugarcane. In addition, the fertilizer is added with the by-product filter mud of a cane sugar factory, so that the high-value utilization of the by-product is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of solid fertilizers, in particular to a method for preparing a sugarcane solid fertilizer by filtering residues from culture tail water.
Background
The aquaculture tail water refers to aquaculture water which is discharged from the whole aquaculture system and is not used any more in the aquaculture process or after the aquaculture work is finished, contains a large amount of pollutants including ammonia nitrogen, organic matters and the like, can directly damage aquaculture water areas, causes deterioration of water quality, and further reduces the growth speed and the quality of fishes and shrimps. The tail water is scientifically and reasonably treated, and the method has great significance for protecting aquaculture water areas, creating a suitable growth environment for fishes, effectively reducing the probability of disease occurrence and improving the aquaculture benefit.
The filter mud is a byproduct generated in the processing of a cane sugar factory, contains a large amount of organic substances, mainly contains cellulose and hemicellulose, and is easy to mildew and smell due to the fact that the filter mud contains various organic substances and saccharide substances, flies are bred, and certain environmental problems are caused, so that how to effectively treat the filter mud generated as the byproduct in the sugar making process is one of the main environmental problems facing the development of the sugar making industry.
The solid fertilizer refers to a fertilizer in a solid state, and most commercial fertilizers are solid fertilizers. Can provide various nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like required by plants, improve the soil property and improve the soil fertility level.
At present, some problems exist in the sugarcane planting process, such as (1) the planting mode is extensive, so that the yield increase of the sugarcane is greatly hindered; (2) the soil fertility for planting the sugarcane is reduced due to the lack of a good planting environment; (3) the nutrient elements needed by the sugarcane are not uniformly distributed, and the sugarcane is lack of elements such as phosphorus, potassium and the like, so that the improvement of the yield and the quality of the sugarcane is seriously hindered. Therefore, more and more farmers reduce the application amount of fertilizers in agricultural production and increase the investment of ecological organic fertilizers become common targets of people.
Based on the above, the residue obtained after filtering the aquaculture tail water is combined with the filter mud to prepare the solid fertilizer which is applied to the sugarcane field, so that the problems of environmental pollution and waste can be solved, the delicious taste of fish can be further increased, the development of aquatic products is promoted, the yield and the quality of the sugarcane are greatly improved, the income of sugarcane farmers is promoted, and good economic benefits are obtained.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing a sugarcane solid fertilizer from culture tail water filter residues, wherein the solid fertilizer belongs to a natural fertilizer, is suitable for component proportion, contains trace elements and active substances required by plants, and meets the nutritional requirements of the plants in the growth process. The solid fertilizer is applied to the sugarcane, reduces the input of chemical fertilizer, is environment-friendly and pollution-free, and can effectively increase the sugarcane field and the sugarcane yield.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a solid fertilizer is mainly composed of fish manure and residual bait in culture tail water, sugarcane filter mud and a compound fermentation microbial inoculum.
The solid fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of fish manure, 10-15 parts of residual bait and 4-9 parts of sugarcane filter mud; the addition amount of the composite fermentation inoculant is 0.25 percent of the weight of the sugarcane filter mud.
The composite fermentation microbial inoculum is prepared from domesticated bacteria freeze-dried powder, saccharomycete freeze-dried powder, pseudomonas aeruginosa freeze-dried powder and bacillus freeze-dried powder.
A method for treating culture tail water comprises the steps of filtering the culture tail water to obtain fish manure and residual bait, adding sugarcane filter mud and a composite fermentation microbial inoculum, and carrying out aerobic composting to obtain a solid fertilizer, wherein the composite fermentation microbial inoculum is prepared from domesticated bacteria freeze-dried powder, saccharomycete freeze-dried powder, pseudomonas aeruginosa freeze-dried powder and bacillus freeze-dried powder.
The composite fermentation inoculant is prepared according to the following weight: 3-4 parts of domesticated bacteria freeze-dried powder, 2-3 parts of yeast freeze-dried powder: 2-3 parts of pseudomonas aeruginosa freeze-dried powder: 1-1.5 parts of bacillus freeze-dried powder.
The domesticated bacteria freeze-dried powder is prepared by the following method:
(1) selecting original bacterial sludge: selecting bottom sludge formed by stacking sugarcane filter mud in a sugar refinery for more than half a year as original bacterial mud for culture and domestication;
(2) domesticating strains: crushing the bagasse after juicing to 50-150 meshes, sterilizing, cooling, and uniformly mixing with a basic culture medium with the weight 1-1.5 times that of the bagasse; setting a plurality of gradients according to different adding amounts of the sugarcane to prepare a plurality of different culture media; inoculating the original bacterial sludge in the step (1) into each culture medium, culturing for 20-25 days at 45-55 ℃ under the condition of pH6.5 +/-0.2, recording the conditions in the culture medium every 3 days, scoring from three angles of bagasse decomposition rate, bacterial liquid clarification and whether the bacterial sludge smells, selecting a group of culture mediums with the highest score, namely the highest bagasse decomposition rate, the clearest bacterial liquid and no smell of the bacterial sludge, and taking the bacteria in the bacterial liquid as domesticated bacteria;
(3) and (3) amplification culture: carrying out amplification culture on the domesticated bacteria obtained in the step (2), wherein a culture medium is the culture medium under the optimal condition of the domesticated culture medium; and (3) taking a bacterium liquid which reaches a stationary phase during the expanded culture of the domesticated bacteria, centrifuging, then taking bacterium mud, washing, centrifuging, adding an embedding agent, and carrying out vacuum freeze drying to obtain freeze-dried powder of the domesticated bacteria.
The basic culture medium is a beef extract peptone culture medium, and the basic culture medium comprises 3-5 parts of beef extract, 8-10 parts of peptone, 4-8 parts of sodium chloride, 15-20 parts of agar and 1000 parts of distilled water in parts by weight; adjusting the pH value to 7.4-7.6.
The composting conditions of the aerobic compost are that 30-50% of ambient humidity is kept, the temperature of the compost is reduced and ventilated in a mode of mechanical rotation once in 5-7 days, and the solid fertilizer is obtained in 35-45 days of composting.
The solid fertilizer is applied to sugarcane planting.
The fertilizing amount of the solid fertilizer is 1500kg/hm2。
The microbial inoculum used by the invention is introduced as follows:
yeast (Yeast) is a unicellular eukaryotic microorganism, has a spherical shape, a sausage shape, an oval shape and the like, is much larger than unicellular individuals of bacteria, and is generally 1-5 or 5-20 μm. Without flagellum, it cannot swim. Yeast is a typical heterotrophic facultative anaerobic microorganism that is both viable under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, a natural starter culture.
The pseudomonas aeruginosa (P.Aeruginosa) is a representative strain of the pseudomonas, is in the form of straight or slightly bent bacillus with two blunt ends and has the size of 0.5-0.8 mu m multiplied by 1.5-3.0 mu m. 1-3 single-end flagella exist, and the movement is active. Belongs to phosphorus-dissolving bacteria, has the phosphorus-dissolving effect on phosphorus ores and has the mineralization effect on organic phosphates.
Bacillus, a genus of bacteria, larger (4-10 μm), is a gram-positive, strictly aerobic or facultative anaerobic, podded Bacillus. They have strong resistance to external harmful factors and wide distribution, and exist in soil, water and the like.
The domesticated bacteria used by the invention are from the nature, are obtained by screening and domesticating, can be rapidly propagated, have strong adaptability, can synthesize or secrete various substances such as amylase, cellulase and the like, can effectively decompose sugarcane byproducts such as filter mud and the like, and can convert phosphorus which is difficult to be absorbed and utilized by plants into absorbable and utilizable forms, thereby improving the performance of solid fertilizers.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the sugarcane solid fertilizer prepared by the invention is applied to sugarcane fields, provides phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium nutrients for sugarcane lacking micronutrients, is applied more scientifically and reasonably, improves the soil fertilizer efficiency of the sugarcane fields, increases the sugarcane yield and brings higher benefits to sugarcane farmers.
2. The fish manure and the residual bait added in the formula are obtained by filtering the culture tail water, and for the aquaculture industry, if the discharged culture tail water is not scientifically treated, the structure of animal and plant communities in the water can be influenced to a great extent, the environment of a culture water area can be damaged, and if the discharged culture tail water is serious, diseases of organisms in the water can be frequently caused, so that a large number of fishes die, and the culture benefit is greatly reduced.
3. According to the invention, a proper amount of filter mud is added, so that byproducts generated in the sugar manufacturing process can be effectively treated, high-value utilization of the byproducts is realized, the nutrient element phosphorus required by growth of sugarcane can be provided, the fertilizer production cost is reduced, the planting cost of sugarcane farmers is further reduced, and the closed cycle combining sugarcane planting and aquaculture three-dimensional cultivation is realized.
4. The domesticated bacteria used by the invention are from the nature, are obtained by screening and domesticating, can be rapidly propagated, have strong adaptability, can synthesize or secrete various substances such as amylase, cellulase and the like, can effectively decompose sugarcane byproducts such as filter mud and the like, and can convert phosphorus which is difficult to be absorbed and utilized by plants into absorbable and utilizable forms, thereby improving the performance of solid fertilizers.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following describes the technical solutions of the present invention clearly and completely in combination with the embodiments of the present invention.
The following culture tail water is from a main irrigation water channel for dry control irrigation of a bearing-English reservoir in Chong left city of Guangxi and is introduced into a land-based round pond for fish culture by diversion. The yeast freeze-dried powder, the pseudomonas aeruginosa freeze-dried powder and the bacillus freeze-dried powder are all commercially available products. The domesticated bacteria freeze-dried powder is prepared by the following method:
(1) selecting original bacterial sludge: selecting bottom sludge formed by stacking sugarcane filter mud in a sugar refinery for more than half a year as original bacterial mud for culture and domestication;
(2) domesticating strains: crushing the bagasse after juicing to 50-150 meshes, sterilizing, cooling, and uniformly mixing with a basic culture medium with the weight 1-1.5 times that of the bagasse; inoculating the original bacterial sludge in the step (1) into each culture medium, culturing for 20-25 days at 45-55 ℃ and pH6.5 +/-0.2, recording the conditions in the culture medium every 3 days, grading from three angles of bagasse decomposition rate, bacterial liquid clarification and whether the bacterial sludge smells, and selecting a group of culture mediums with highest grade, namely the bagasse decomposition rate, the bacterial liquid clarification and the bacterial sludge deodorization, wherein the bacteria in the bacterial liquid is domesticated bacteria;
(3) and (3) amplification culture: carrying out amplification culture on the domesticated bacteria obtained in the step (2), wherein the culture medium is the culture medium under the optimal condition of the domesticated culture medium; and (3) taking the bacterium liquid which reaches a stationary phase during the expanded culture of the domesticated bacteria, centrifuging, then washing and centrifuging bacterium mud, adding an embedding agent, and carrying out vacuum freeze drying to obtain freeze-dried powder of the domesticated bacteria.
The basic culture medium can adopt a beef extract peptone culture medium, and the weight parts of the beef extract peptone culture medium are 10 parts of beef extract, 10 parts of peptone, 6 parts of sodium chloride, 18 parts of agar and 1000 parts of distilled water; the pH was adjusted to 7.5.
The fish droppings used in examples 1-3 and the residual bait were obtained by the following method:
(1) firstly, filtering aquaculture tail water, and filtering large suspended particles by means of tools and equipment with a filtering function;
(2) and secondly, a micro-filter with small pore diameter is selected to reprocess the water body after primary filtration, 70-80% of impurities in the aquaculture tail water are filtered, a filter screen with 170 meshes is used for filtering to obtain organic matters such as residual bait, a filter screen with 240 meshes is used for filtering to obtain fish excrement, and the filter residue is dried to obtain the residual bait and fish feces.
Example 1
Weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of fish manure, 10 parts of residual bait and 4 parts of sugarcane filter mud, and a compound fermentation microbial inoculum with the weight equivalent to 0.25 percent of the weight of the sugarcane filter mud is added.
The composite microbial inoculum is domesticated bacteria freeze-dried powder, saccharomycete freeze-dried powder, pseudomonas aeruginosa freeze-dried powder and bacillus freeze-dried powder, and the weight ratio is 3: 2: 2: 1.
the preparation method of the composite solid compost comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) filtering the culture tail water by using micro-filters with different small apertures to sequentially obtain organic matters such as fish manure, residual bait and the like, drying the organic matters, and storing the organic matters for later use.
(2) Mixing sugarcane filter mud, fish manure, residual bait and a compound fermentation microbial inoculum according to the ratio of 10: 10: 4: 0.01 (the ratio of the composite microbial inoculum is 3: 2: 2: 1), uniformly stirring, composting into fertilizers with a certain volume, carrying out aerobic composting, and reducing the temperature of the compost by adopting a mode of periodic overturning, namely mechanically rotating once within 5 days and ventilating. Keeping the environment humidity of 30%, after 45 days, making the compost enter a mature stage, and finishing the composting to obtain the solid fertilizer.
Example 2
Weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15 parts of fish manure, 15 parts of residual bait and 9 parts of sugarcane filter mud, and a compound fermentation microbial inoculum which is 0.25 percent of the weight of the sugarcane filter mud is added.
The composite microbial inoculum is domesticated bacteria freeze-dried powder, saccharomycete freeze-dried powder, pseudomonas aeruginosa freeze-dried powder and bacillus freeze-dried powder, and the weight ratio is 3: 2: 3: 1.5.
the preparation method of the composite solid compost comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) filtering the culture tail water by using micro-filters with different small apertures to sequentially obtain organic matters such as fish manure, residual bait and the like, drying the organic matters, and storing the organic matters for later use.
(2) The sugarcane filter mud, fish manure, residual bait and compound fermentation inoculant are mixed according to the proportion of 15: 15: 9: 0.0225 (the ratio of the composite microbial inoculum is 4: 2: 3: 1.5), uniformly stirring, composting into fertilizers with a certain volume, carrying out aerobic composting, and reducing the temperature of the compost by adopting a mode of periodic overturning, namely mechanically rotating once for 5 days and ventilating. Keeping 50% of the environmental humidity, after 40 days, making the compost enter a mature stage, and finishing the composting to obtain the solid fertilizer.
Example 3
Weighing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12 parts of fish manure, 13 parts of residual bait and 5 parts of sugarcane filter mud, and a compound fermentation microbial inoculum with the weight equivalent to 0.25 percent of the weight of the sugarcane filter mud is added.
The composite microbial agent is domesticated bacteria freeze-dried powder, saccharomycete freeze-dried powder, pseudomonas aeruginosa freeze-dried powder and bacillus freeze-dried powder, and the weight ratio is 4: 3: 3: 1.5.
the preparation method of the composite solid compost comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) filtering the culture tail water by using micro-filters with different small apertures to sequentially obtain organic matters such as fish manure, residual bait and the like, drying the organic matters, and storing the organic matters for later use.
(2) Mixing the sugarcane filter mud, the fish manure, the residual bait and the compound fermentation microbial inoculum according to the proportion of 12: 13: 5: 0.0125 (the ratio of the composite microbial inoculum is 3: 1: 2: 1.5), uniformly stirring, piling up into fertilizers with a certain volume, carrying out aerobic composting, and reducing the temperature of the compost by adopting a mode of periodic overturning, namely mechanically rotating once within 6 days and ventilating. Keeping 45% of the environmental humidity, after 43 days, making the compost enter a mature stage, and finishing the composting to obtain the solid fertilizer.
After applying the solid fertilizers of different formulations of examples 1-3 (fertilizing amount 1500 kg/hm)2) The yield of the sugarcane is greatly improved. In the test, a CK control group (without any treatment) in the text of 'control effect of different soil conditioners (fertilizers) on the etiolation of sugarcane ratoons and influence of sugarcane growth and yield' of the Rongting et al is cited as a comparative example to illustrate the effect of the invention, and specific results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 yield Performance parameters of sugarcane
As can be seen from the table 1, the sugarcane planted by the fertilizing methods of the embodiments 1 to 3 is superior to the sugarcane planted by the conventional method in all aspects of comprehensive average plant height and yield, and the solid fertilizer disclosed by the invention can effectively improve the quality and yield of the sugarcane. Therefore, the method for preparing the solid fertilizer by filtering the residue from the tail water of the aquaculture is a new method which is worth popularizing for preparing the fertilizer.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. A solid fertilizer is characterized by mainly comprising fish manure and residual bait in culture tail water, sugarcane filter mud and a compound fermentation microbial inoculum.
2. The solid fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of fish manure, 10-15 parts of residual bait and 4-9 parts of sugarcane filter mud; the addition amount of the composite fermentation inoculant is 0.25 percent of the weight of the sugarcane filter mud.
3. The solid fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the complex fermentation inoculant is prepared from domesticated bacteria lyophilized powder, yeast lyophilized powder, pseudomonas aeruginosa lyophilized powder and bacillus lyophilized powder.
4. The method for treating the culture tail water is characterized in that the culture tail water is filtered to obtain fish manure and residual bait, then sugarcane filter mud and a composite fermentation microbial inoculum are added for aerobic composting to prepare the solid fertilizer, and the composite fermentation microbial inoculum is prepared from domesticated bacteria freeze-dried powder, saccharomycete freeze-dried powder, pseudomonas aeruginosa freeze-dried powder and bacillus freeze-dried powder.
5. The culture tail water treatment method according to claim 4, wherein the composite fermentation inoculant is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 3-4 parts of domesticated bacteria freeze-dried powder, 2-3 parts of yeast freeze-dried powder: 2-3 parts of pseudomonas aeruginosa freeze-dried powder: 1-1.5 parts of bacillus freeze-dried powder.
6. The culture tail water treatment method according to claim 4, wherein the domesticated bacteria freeze-dried powder is prepared by the following method:
(1) selecting original bacterial sludge: selecting bottom sludge formed by stacking sugarcane filter mud in a sugar refinery for more than half a year as original bacterial mud for culture and domestication;
(2) domesticating strains: crushing the bagasse after juicing to 50-150 meshes, sterilizing, cooling, and uniformly mixing with a basic culture medium with the weight 1-1.5 times that of the bagasse; setting a plurality of gradients according to different adding amounts of the sugarcane to prepare a plurality of different culture media; inoculating the original bacterial sludge in the step (1) into each culture medium, culturing for 20-25 days at 45-55 ℃ and pH6.5 +/-0.2, recording the conditions in the culture medium every 3 days, grading from three angles of bagasse decomposition rate, bacterial liquid clarification and whether the bacterial sludge smells, and selecting a group of culture mediums with highest grade, namely the bagasse decomposition rate, the bacterial liquid clarification and the bacterial sludge deodorization, wherein the bacteria in the bacterial liquid is domesticated bacteria;
(3) and (3) amplification culture: carrying out amplification culture on the domesticated bacteria obtained in the step (2), wherein the culture medium is the culture medium under the optimal condition of the domesticated culture medium; and (3) taking a bacterium liquid which reaches a stationary phase during the expanded culture of the domesticated bacteria, centrifuging, then taking bacterium mud, washing, centrifuging, adding an embedding agent, and carrying out vacuum freeze drying to obtain freeze-dried powder of the domesticated bacteria.
7. The cultivation tail water treatment method according to claim 6, wherein the basic culture medium is a beef extract peptone culture medium, and the parts by weight of the beef extract peptone culture medium are 3-5 parts of beef extract, 8-10 parts of peptone, 4-8 parts of sodium chloride, 15-20 parts of agar and 1000 parts of distilled water; adjusting the pH value to 7.4-7.6.
8. The culture tail water treatment method of claim 4, wherein composting conditions of the aerobic compost are that 30-50% of ambient humidity is maintained, the temperature of the compost is reduced and ventilation is carried out in a mode of mechanical rotation once in 5-7 days, and solid fertilizers are obtained after 35-45 days of composting.
9. Use of the solid fertilizer of claim 1 or claim 4 in sugarcane planting.
10. The use of the solid fertilizer in sugarcane planting according to claim 8, wherein the solid fertilizer is applied in an amount of 1500kg/hm2。
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Application publication date: 20220715 |