CN114736177B - 一种呋塞米/螺内酯/l-苯丙氨酸三元共无定形及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种呋塞米/螺内酯/l-苯丙氨酸三元共无定形及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114736177B CN114736177B CN202210289704.XA CN202210289704A CN114736177B CN 114736177 B CN114736177 B CN 114736177B CN 202210289704 A CN202210289704 A CN 202210289704A CN 114736177 B CN114736177 B CN 114736177B
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- C07D307/34—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D307/38—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种呋塞米/螺内酯/L‑苯丙氨酸三元共无定形及制备方法,所述的三元共无定形体系中呋塞米(FUR)/螺内酯(SPL)/L‑苯丙氨酸(PHE)的摩尔比为1:1:1。所制备的呋塞米/螺内酯/L‑苯丙氨酸三元共无定形具有优异的物理稳定性和溶出速率,不易析出晶体。此外,在成年SD大鼠体内的动物实验结果表明所制备呋塞米/螺内酯/L‑苯丙氨酸三元共无定形相比于螺内酯原料药晶体,生物利用度提高了4.67倍,相比于呋塞米原料药晶体,生物利用度提高了7.05倍。在针对治疗水肿性疾病、高血钾症、原发性醛固酮增多症等方面具有广阔的治疗前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于化学工程工业结晶技术领域,具体涉及一种呋塞米/螺内酯/L-苯丙氨酸三元共无定及制备方法。
背景技术
呋塞米(CAS:54-31-9),化学名称2-(2-呋喃甲基)氨基-5-(磺酰氨基)-4-氯苯甲酸,别名速尿,英文名称为Furosemide,是临床上广泛应用的一种利尿药,可用于治疗充血性心力衰竭、肝硬化、肾疾病引发的水肿、高血压、急性肺水肿或脑水肿。分子式C12H11ClN2O5S,分子量330.74,通常为白色结晶性粉末,熔点为220℃。溶于丙酮,甲醇,二甲基甲酰胺,略溶于乙醇,不溶于水。无臭,几乎无味。螺内酯(CAS:52-01-7),化学名称17β-羟基-3-氧代-7α-(乙酰硫基)-17α-孕甾-4-烯-21-羧酸γ-内酯,分子式C24H32O4S,分子量416.57,通常为白色结晶粉末,有轻微硫醇臭。在水中不溶,在氯仿中极易溶解,在苯或醋酸乙酯中易溶,在乙醇中溶解。英文名Spironolactone,密度为1.24g/cm3,熔点为207~208℃,常温常压下稳定。螺内酯属于弱效利尿药,主要作用于远曲小管和集合管,对肾小管其他各段无作用,所以利尿作用较弱。临床上,螺内酯通常用于辅助治疗高血压,治疗原发性醛固酮增多症及低血钾症,也常和其他强效利尿药呋塞米联用降低副作用。L-苯丙氨酸,其广泛用于医药和食品领域。药物共无定形是指活性药物成分与其他小分子物质(糖、羧酸、氨基酸)结合形成的具有单一玻璃化转变温度的单相二元无定形体系。药物共无定形作为一种新的药物固体形态,可改善药物的溶解度、溶出速率、稳定性、生物利用度等性质,已经成为药物研发的一种途径。呋塞米和螺内酯都为低溶解度化合物,这极大的制约了其在制剂方面的应用。因此亟待开发一种提高呋塞米和螺内酯溶出速率的新方法。专利CN109010348A提出一种拉西地平-螺内酯共无定形固体分散体,但其制备过程步骤繁琐、需要添加有毒的有机溶剂,成本高,能耗高,极大的限制了其工业化的放大生产,生物利用度一般。专利CN102600183A提出了一种通过直接粉碎呋塞米和螺内酯组合物的方法,但粉碎所需的设备复杂,成本高,能耗高。极大的限制了其工业化的放大生产。专利CN105687210A提出了一种含有呋塞米和螺内酯的复方降压药物组合制剂及其制备方法,该专利将呋塞米和螺内酯原料超细粉碎,然后添加填充剂、增溶剂、崩解剂,再进行造粒、干燥、包衣。该工艺极其复杂。且干燥后的呋塞米/螺内酯复方降压药物的组合制剂溶出速率慢。专利US2010000170提出了一种呋塞米的组合物及其制备方法,该操作步骤繁琐,难以重复,且批次质量难以控制,大大影响了其使用效果。
针对呋塞米和螺内酯而言,由于其低溶解度、高渗透性和生物利用度低的特点,严重影响了其临床应用。此外,已经报道过通过制备药物的无定形方式来提高药物的溶出和生物利用度,如头孢呋辛酯、曲格列酮和安可来等都是市面上常见的无定形药物。为了提高呋塞米和螺内酯溶出速率、生物利用度、稳定性、降低药物的毒副作用并且发挥药药联用的作用,有必要开发一种呋塞米/螺内酯/氨基酸三元共无定形的制备方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种呋塞米/螺内酯/氨基酸(FUR/SPL/PHE)三元共无定形及其制备方法和应用,本发明所述的呋塞米/螺内酯/L-苯丙氨酸三元共无定形是由呋塞米、螺内酯和L-苯丙氨酸按摩尔比1:1:1结合而成。相比于呋塞米和螺内酯原料药,该三元共无定形物在SD大鼠体内具有极高的生物利用度。
本发明中,L-苯丙氨酸为小分子且带苯环的非极性侧链氨基酸,无毒,广泛被用于药品的添加剂和赋形剂。
其中,所述的呋塞米/螺内酯/L-苯丙氨酸三元共无定形X射线粉末衍射图谱中并没有晶体的布拉格特征峰,呈现出无定形的特征馒头峰;用KBr压片测得的红外吸收光谱在3404.6、2957.8、1764.2、1660.2、1614.8、1485.1、1412.6、1341.9、1182.7、1142.1、1134.3、1112.3、947.5、916.2、792.2、630.2、507.1和431.4cm-1处有吸收峰;其玻璃化转变温度为91.5℃。
本发明所述的呋塞米/螺内酯/L-苯丙氨酸三元共无定形的制备方法:将一定量的呋塞米、螺内酯、L-苯丙氨酸按照1:1:1的摩尔比放于5mL的MM400的球磨罐中,并加入直径为5~10mm的钢球,调节频率为20~30Hz,球磨时间为60~120min,即可直接获得呋塞米/螺内酯/L-苯丙氨酸三元共无定形。
在本发明中,采用高效的球磨法制备三元共无定形物,相比于传统的旋蒸法和悬浮挥发法,球磨法在制备过程中不添加任何有机溶剂,具有高效、低能耗、经济效应高、能大规模制备的特点。
作为优选,所述的呋塞米、螺内酯与L-苯丙氨酸按照1:1:1的摩尔比加入5mL的球磨罐中,加入直径为10mm的钢球,频率为30Hz,球磨时间为60min。
作为优选,所述的呋塞米、螺内酯与L-苯丙氨酸按照1:1:1的摩尔比加入5mL的球磨罐中,加入直径为8mm的钢球,频率为25Hz,球磨时间为90min。
本发明所述的呋塞米/螺内酯/L-苯丙氨酸三元共无定形在提高呋塞米和螺内酯的生物利用度方面的应用。
本发明经研究发现,螺内酯与L-谷氨酸、L-天冬氨酸、L-缬氨酸、L-丝氨酸、L-半胱氨酸、L-精氨酸、L-甘氨酸、L-苏氨酸、L-丙氨酸、L-亮氨酸、L-蛋氨酸、L-络氨酸、L-组氨酸和L-脯氨酸等氨基酸均不能形成共无定形,但可与L-苯丙氨酸这种带有苯环的非极性侧链氨基酸按1:1摩尔比形成共无定形物。猜测是因为球磨过程中,L-苯丙氨酸的非极性侧链扭转促使苯环上π电子云的重排,加速诱导了药物的无定形化,从而使得药物能与L-苯丙氨酸形成共无定形体系。
通过测定SD小鼠体内的血药浓度曲线,发现相比于呋塞米和螺内酯原料药,呋塞米/螺内酯/L-苯丙氨酸三元共无定形物具有良好的溶解度优势,可以显著提高呋塞米和螺内酯的生物利用度,此外制备的共无定形产品具有优异的长期的稳定性,有望成为呋塞米和螺内酯新的固态形式从而用于制剂产品的开发。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制备的呋塞米/螺内酯/L-苯丙氨酸三元共无定形PXRD粉末衍射图谱;
图2为实施例1制备的呋塞米/螺内酯/L-苯丙氨酸三元共无定形差示扫描量热图谱;
图3为实施例1制备的呋塞米/螺内酯/L-苯丙氨酸三元共无定形固体红外吸收图谱;
图4为实施例1的呋塞米的液相-质谱标准曲线;
图5为实施例1的螺内酯的液相-质谱标准曲线。
图6为实施例1制备的呋塞米/螺内酯/L-苯丙氨酸三元共无定形在SD小鼠体内释放曲线;
图7为实施例2制备的呋塞米/螺内酯/L-苯丙氨酸三元共无定形PXRD粉末衍射图谱;
图8为实施例3制备的呋塞米/螺内酯/L-苯丙氨酸三元共无定形PXRD粉末衍射图谱;
图9为对比例1采用球磨法制备的呋塞米/螺内酯/L-丙氨酸三元共无定形PXRD粉末衍射图谱;
图10为对比例2采用旋蒸法制备的呋塞米/螺内酯/L-半胱氨酸三元共无定形PXRD粉末衍射图谱。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
将呋塞米(FUR)、螺内酯(SPL)、L-苯丙氨酸(PHE)按照1:1:1的摩尔比放于MM400的球磨罐中,并加入直径为10mm的钢球,调节球磨频率为30Hz,球磨时间为60min,直接获得固态的呋塞米/螺内酯/L-苯丙氨酸三元共无定形。图1为实施例1制备的呋塞米/螺内酯/L-苯丙氨酸三元共无定形的PXRD粉末衍射图谱,由图1可以看出呋塞米/螺内酯/L-苯丙氨酸三元共无定形X射线粉末衍射图谱中并没有晶体的布拉格特征峰,呈现出无定形的特征馒头峰。图2为实施例1制备的呋塞米/螺内酯/L-苯丙氨酸三元共无定形的差示扫描量热图谱,由图2可以看出呋塞米/螺内酯/L-苯丙氨酸三元共无定形DSC曲线呈现单一的玻璃化转变温度,表明制备的三元共无定形是均一的。图3为实施例1制备的呋塞米/螺内酯/L-苯丙氨酸三元共无定形的固体红外吸收光谱,由图3可以看出呋塞米位于1667cm-1和1138cm-1处内酯基和酰胺基光谱的红移以及螺内酯位于1688.3cm-1和1672.1cm-1处内酯基光谱的展宽,表明呋塞米和螺内酯在球磨过程中的无定形化。图4为实施例1制备的呋塞米/螺内酯/L-苯丙氨酸三元共无定形中呋塞米的液相-质谱标准曲线,图5为实施例1制备的呋塞米/螺内酯/L-苯丙氨酸三元共无定形中螺内酯的液相-质谱标准曲线。图6为实施例1制备的呋塞米/螺内酯/L-苯丙氨酸三元共无定形以及呋塞米和螺内酯原料药在SD小鼠体内的释放曲线,由图6可以说明呋塞米原料药在SD大鼠体内的最高血药浓度为532μg/L,血药浓度-时间曲线面积AUC0-∞为1023.7μg·h/mL。螺内酯原料药在SD大鼠体内的最高血药浓度为725μg/L,血药浓度-时间曲线面积AUC0-∞为1256.5μg·h/mL。而本发明得到的呋塞米/螺内酯/氨基酸三元共无定形产品在SD大鼠体内释放的螺内酯最高血药浓度为2425.3μg/L,血药浓度-时间曲线面积AUC0-∞为5863.8μg·h/mL。释放的呋塞米最大血药浓度Cmax为2725.8μg/L,血药浓度-时间曲线面积AUC0-∞为7214.3μg·h/mL;这极大的提高了呋塞米和螺内酯的生物利用度。
实施例2:
将呋塞米(FUR)、螺内酯(SPL)、L-苯丙氨酸(PHE)按照1:1:1的摩尔比放于MM400的球磨罐中,并加入直径为8mm的钢球,调节球磨频率为25Hz,球磨时间为90min,直接获得固态的呋塞米/螺内酯/L-苯丙氨酸三元共无定形。图7为实施例2制备的呋塞米/螺内酯/L-苯丙氨酸三元共无定形PXRD粉末衍射图谱,由图7可以看出呋塞米/螺内酯/L-苯丙氨酸三元共无定形X射线粉末衍射图谱中并没有晶体的布拉格特征峰,呈现出无定形的特征馒头峰。图7和图1对比说明实施例2制备的呋塞米/螺内酯/L-苯丙氨酸三元共无定形和实施例1制备的呋塞米/螺内酯/L-苯丙氨酸三元共无定形为同一物质。经过测试,其差示扫描量热图谱、红外光谱图和SD大鼠体内的血药浓度和与实施例1相近。
实施例3:
将呋塞米(FUR)、螺内酯(SPL)、L-苯丙氨酸(PHE)按照1:1:1的摩尔比放于MM400的球磨罐中,并加入直径为8mm的钢球,调节球磨频率为20Hz,球磨时间为120min,直接获得固态的呋塞米/螺内酯/氨基酸三元共无定形。图8为实施例3制备的呋塞米/螺内酯/L-苯丙氨酸三元共无定形PXRD粉末衍射图谱,由图8可以看出呋塞米/螺内酯/L-苯丙氨酸三元共无定形X射线粉末衍射图谱中并没有晶体的布拉格特征峰,呈现出无定形的特征馒头峰。图8和图1对比说明实施例3制备的呋塞米/螺内酯/L-苯丙氨酸三元共无定形和实施例1制备的呋塞米/螺内酯/L-苯丙氨酸三元共无定形为同一物质。经过测试,其差示扫描量热图谱、红外光谱图和SD大鼠体内的血药浓度和与实施例1相近。
SD大鼠体内呋塞米和螺内酯血药浓度测定方法:
样品采用岛津NexeraX2LC-30AD超高效液相色谱系统进行分离。流动相:A液为0.1%FA水溶液,B液为0.1%FA乙腈。样品置于4℃自动进样器中,柱温40℃,流速为300μL/min,进样量1μL。相关液相梯度如下:0-6min,B液从10%线性变化至90%;6-7min,B液维持90%;7-7.5min,B液从90%线性变化至10%;7.5-10min,B液维持10%。呋塞米采用5500QTRAP质谱仪(ABSCIEX)在负谱模式下进行质谱分析,螺内酯在正谱模式下进行质谱分析。5500QTRAPESI源条件如下:sourcetemperature550℃;ionSourceGas1(GS1):55;IonSourceGas2(GS2):55;Curtaingas(CUR):35;IonSprayVoltage(IS)5500V(-4500);采用MRM模式检测离子对呋塞米为329/285、329/205;螺内酯为341/187,341/107。
对比例1
与实施例1的区别仅在于将实施例1中的L-苯丙氨酸替换为L-丙氨酸,其他制备方法均与实施例1相同。
对采用球磨法制备得到的呋塞米/螺内酯/L-丙氨酸产品进行PXRD测试并分析,图9为对比例1采用球磨法制备的呋塞米/螺内酯/L-丙氨酸PXRD粉末衍射图谱,图谱中呈现较强的晶体布拉格衍射峰。
通过实施例1和对比例1的对比可知采用球磨法不能制备得到呋塞米/螺内酯/L-丙氨酸三元共无定形物。
对比例2
与实施例1的区别仅在于,不采用球磨法,采用旋蒸发尝试得到呋塞米/螺内酯/L-半胱氨酸的共无定形物。
对采用旋蒸法制备得到的呋塞米/螺内酯/L-半胱氨酸产品进行PXRD测试并分析,图10为对比例2采用球磨法制备的呋塞米/螺内酯/L-半胱氨酸PXRD粉末衍射图谱,图谱中呈现较强的晶体布拉格衍射峰。
通过实施例1和对比例2的对比可知采用旋蒸法也不能制备得到呋塞米/螺内酯/L-半胱氨酸三元共无定形物。
本发明公开和提出的一种呋塞米/螺内酯/L-苯丙氨酸三元共无定形及其制备方法,本领域技术人员可通过借鉴本文内容,适当改变球磨的时间、频率、钢球的直径等工艺参数实现。本发明的方法与产品已经通过较佳实施例子进行了相关描述,相关技术人员明显能在不脱离本发明内容、精神和范围内对本文所述的方法和产品进行改动或适当的变更与组合,来实现本发明技术。特别需要指出的是,所有相似的替换和改动对本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的,他们都被视为包括在本发明的精神、范围和内容中。
Claims (10)
1.一种呋塞米/螺内酯/L-苯丙氨酸三元共无定形,其特征在于,所述的呋塞米/螺内酯/L-苯丙氨酸三元共无定形中呋塞米、螺内酯和L-苯丙氨酸的摩尔比为1:1:1,球磨法制备。
2.根据权利要求1所述的呋塞米/螺内酯/L-苯丙氨酸三元共无定形,其特征在于,所述的呋塞米/螺内酯/L-苯丙氨酸三元共无定形物的X射线粉末衍射光谱没有明显的晶体布拉格衍射峰。
3.根据权利要求1所述的呋塞米/螺内酯/L-苯丙氨酸三元共无定形,其特征在于,所述的呋塞米/螺内酯/L-苯丙氨酸三元共无定形物采用KBr压片测得的红外吸收光谱在3404.6、2957.8、1764.2、1660.2、1614.8、1485.1、1412.6、1341.9、1182.7、1142.1、1134.3、1112.3、947.5、916.2、792.2、630.2、507.1和431.4cm-1处有吸收峰。
4.根据权利要求1所述的呋塞米/螺内酯/L-苯丙氨酸三元共无定形,其特征在于,所述呋塞米/螺内酯/L-苯丙氨酸玻璃化转变温度为91.5℃。
5.根据权利要求1所述的呋塞米/螺内酯/L-苯丙氨酸三元共无定形,其特征在于,所述呋塞米/螺内酯/L-苯丙氨酸在成年SD大鼠体内呋塞米的最大血药浓度Cmax为2725.8μg/L,最大达峰时间tmax为1.20h,血药浓度-时间曲线面积AUC0-∞为7214.3μg·h/mL。
6.根据权利要求1所述的呋塞米/螺内酯/L-苯丙氨酸三元共无定形,其特征在于,所述呋塞米/螺内酯/L-苯丙氨酸在成年SD大鼠体内螺内酯的最大血药浓度Cmax为2425.3μg/L,最大达峰时间tmax为1.26h,血药浓度-时间曲线面积AUC0-∞为5863.8μg·h/mL。
7.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的三元体系共无定形物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法包括:将呋塞米、螺内酯与L-苯丙氨酸进行球磨混合,得到所述三元共无定形物。
8.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述球磨是在球磨机中进行的。
9.根据权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述球磨所用钢球直径为5-10mm,所述球磨频率为20-30Hz,球磨时间为60-120min。
10.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的三元共无定形物在制备口服制剂中的应用。
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