CN114731983A - Pig raising method by using microbial fermentation bed - Google Patents
Pig raising method by using microbial fermentation bed Download PDFInfo
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- CN114731983A CN114731983A CN202210343799.9A CN202210343799A CN114731983A CN 114731983 A CN114731983 A CN 114731983A CN 202210343799 A CN202210343799 A CN 202210343799A CN 114731983 A CN114731983 A CN 114731983A
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- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
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- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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- 229940039696 lactobacillus Drugs 0.000 claims description 13
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
- A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
- A01K1/0152—Litter
- A01K1/0155—Litter comprising organic material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Housing For Livestock And Birds (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of microbial fermentation bed cultivation, in particular to a method for raising pigs by using a microbial fermentation bed. The bottom of the fermentation bed body directly adopts the bottom of the dug soil pit as the bottom, and the periphery of the bed body adopts a hardened waterproof interlayer; the depth of the bed body of the fermentation bed is 500 plus 800mm, the bed body is divided into 3 layers, the thickness of the bottom layer is 100 plus 170mm, and the fermentation bed is directly paved by adopting corn straws, sorghum straws and the like after silk rolling without adding a microbial inoculum; the thickness of the middle layer is 180-230mm, and after the rice hulls and the corn straw powder are paved, the weight ratio of the rice hulls to the corn straw powder is 9: 1, spraying a lactic acid bacteria agent; the thickness of the surface layer is 120-170mm, and after rice hulls are paved, the surface of the rice hulls is as follows according to the mass ratio of 7: 1-7: 3, spraying EM microbial inoculum and then spraying clear water to keep the surface temperature at 38-42 ℃. Aims at raising feed utilization rate and reducing pollution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of microbial fermentation bed cultivation, in particular to a method for raising pigs by using a microbial fermentation bed.
Background
The ecological fermentation bed technology is an ecological culture mode which takes active functional microbial bacteria of microbiology, ecology and fermentation engineering principles as a substance conversion center. The core of the technology lies in that the composite flora with powerful activity and function is used for producing the animal excrement and urine waste to convert the animal excrement and urine waste into useful substances and energy stably for a long time. By utilizing the arching habit of live pigs, excrement and padding are fully mixed, cultivation wastes such as excrement and the like are quickly converted through the decomposition and fermentation of beneficial fermentation microbial colonies, and the functions of eliminating malodor and inhibiting pests and germs are achieved. Meanwhile, the beneficial microbial flora can synthesize the padding and the excrement into nutrient substances such as sugar, protein, organic acid, vitamins and the like which can be eaten by the live pigs, enhance the disease resistance of the live pigs and promote the healthy growth of the live pigs.
The conventional biological bacteria fermentation bed for raising pigs in the market at present is mainly prepared by taking sawdust and rice hulls as main materials, adding some industrial fermentation bacteria/agents and performing industrial heating fermentation; the use is inconvenient, and a large amount of labor is needed to stir, transfer and turn over, thereby increasing the cultivation cost. The bed body waste contains heavy metals and harmful bacteria too much, and a great virus hidden trouble exists in the subsequent breeding after a long time, so that the swinery is unstable, the pH value of the produced meat is increased, and the taste of the meat is influenced. Has certain influence on indoor ambient air, can not eliminate pungent microbial inoculum taste, has stronger summer smell, and has certain influence on swinery and human body for a long time. The traditional fermentation bed also needs heating measures, thus the culture cost is increased and the income is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve at least one technical problem in the prior art, and therefore, one aspect of the invention aims to provide a method for raising pigs by using a microbial fermentation bed, which can improve the utilization rate of feed, improve the quality of pork, reduce harmful bacteria, reduce pollution and have no pungent and nasy taste.
The method of the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) the bottom of the fermentation bed body directly adopts the dug soil pit bottom as the bottom without digging concrete, so as to keep a certain surface temperature through the natural heating of the padding; the periphery of the bed body adopts a hardened waterproof interlayer to prevent the pig from excreting urine;
(2) the depth of the fermentation bed body is 500 plus 800mm, the bed body is divided into 3 layers, the thickness of the bottom layer is 100 plus 170mm, and the fermentation bed is directly paved by adopting corn straws, sorghum straws and the like after silk rolling without adding a microbial inoculum; the thickness of the middle layer is 180-230mm, and after the rice husk and the corn straw powder are paved, the weight ratio of the rice husk to the corn straw powder is 9: 1, spraying a lactic acid bacteria agent; the thickness of the surface layer is 120-170mm, and after rice hulls are paved, the surface of the rice hulls is as follows according to the mass ratio of 7: 1-7: 3, spraying EM microbial inoculum according to the proportion, and then spraying clear water to keep the surface humidity at 38-42%;
(3) turning the bed for 1-2 times regularly every day to keep the humidity of the rice hulls on the surface layer of the fermentation bed at 40% -60%;
(4) spraying clear water to the paving material once every 1-2 days;
(5) newly supplementing rice hulls according to 8-12% of the total padding quantity in the fermentation bed every month;
(6) and thoroughly cleaning all the padding in the fermentation bed once every one year.
The concentration of the lactic acid bacteria sprayed on the middle layer of the fermentation bed is 30 hundred million Cfu/g, the fermentation bed is produced by Jinan Jia Jibo biotechnology limited, and the liquid is packaged into 50 kilograms per barrel. The concentration of the produced expanded culture bacteria after expanded culture is 7.5 hundred million Cfu/g; when in use, the spraying effect is better by adopting the lactobacillus mixed bacteria liquid, and the lactobacillus mixed bacteria liquid is formed by adding 1.5 kilograms of lactobacillus propagation bacteria into every 10 kilograms of lactobacillus agents and mixing.
The concentration of the EM microbial inoculum sprayed on the surface layer of the fermentation bed is 20 hundred million Cfu/g; produced by Beijing hong nong Biotechnology Limited, liquid is packed in 50 kg/barrel. After production and propagation, the concentration of the propagation bacteria is 2 hundred million cfu/g, the spraying effect is better when the EM mixed bacteria liquid is sprayed on the surface layer of the mattress bed, and the EM mixed bacteria liquid is formed by adding 3 kilograms of EM bacteria propagation bacteria into every 10 kilograms of EM microbial inoculum and mixing.
The over-cultured bacteria are produced after propagation on the basis of original bacteria, so that the concentration of the original bacteria can be reduced, the concentration of the microbial inoculum is more harmonious, and the over-cultured bacteria are more suitable and convenient for farmers to directly spray and use. The expanded culture is prepared from original bacteria, brown sugar and warm water according to the ratio of 1: 2: 7, and then sealing, lightproof and standing for 5-8 days at the ambient temperature of 18-28 ℃. The temperature of the warm water is 35-40 deg.C.
The surface rice hulls are clean and dry without muck. The mass ratio of the rice hulls to the corn straws used in the middle layer of the fermentation bed is 6: 4; the size of the rice hull or corn straw powder is not more than 1 cm. The material (padding) laid in the fermentation bed is prepared by mixing sawdust, crop straws, rice hulls and microbial strains (powder); wherein the sawdust, the crop straw, the rice hull and the microbial strain (powder) are paved according to the material proportion. The fermentation bed padding has the functions of eliminating stink and inhibiting pests and germs. Meanwhile, the beneficial microbial flora can synthesize the padding and the excrement into nutrient substances such as sugar, protein, organic acid, vitamins and the like which can be eaten by the live pigs, enhance the disease resistance of the live pigs and promote the healthy growth of the live pigs.
The surface temperature of the bed body is maintained at 28-33 ℃, the middle layer temperature is maintained at 30-60 ℃ and the bottom layer temperature is maintained at 38-45 ℃ through the liquid oxygen reaction and the beneficial bacteria fermentation reaction of the paving material in the bed body of the fermentation bed.
After the breeding is started, the continuous temperature rise and the temperature maintenance can be achieved through manual assistance and the rolling of the swinery, the mattress material in the bed body can maintain the bed body to reach the required temperature through the liquid oxygen reaction and the beneficial bacterium fermentation reaction of the material, and the temperature of the place where the swinery lies is higher when the swinery is at rest; the cushion bed sinks gradually due to the trampling of the swinery, and the padding is also lack due to the taking of food, and a few rice husks need to be newly supplemented every two months or so. Because the padding is heated and dried, the padding bed is sprayed with water for the second time every week; the water amount sprayed is sprayed according to the actual data condition of the pigsty site to ensure the wetting of padding and the breeding of beneficial flora such as EM bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and the like. After the waste padding is removed, the organic fertilizer is aerobically fermented and decomposed to form a high-efficiency organic fertilizer for planting production, and the circular fusion development of the planting industry and the breeding industry is realized.
The method has wide application range, and can adjust the height of the mattress bed and control the spraying quantity of the beneficial bacteria according to the climate temperature and humidity of different environments, for example, the northern area is cooler and dry, the bacteria can be sprayed more properly, and the summer can be sprayed less.
The method can reduce pollution, and the primary advantage of raising pigs by using the fermentation bed is that the pollution to the environment in the traditional pig raising process can be effectively solved, because padding in the fermentation bed contains various beneficial microorganisms with high activity, the pig excretion can be degraded and digested, and the pigsty does not need to be cleaned basically every day, so that the waste generated by the pigsty is basically negligible, and sewage for washing the pigsty is not generated, and the aim of zero emission can be achieved. Secondly, the environment can be improved, the pig raising environment of the fermentation bed is mainly a large window mode which is mainly a full-open type in summer generally, the fermentation bed is sealed and insulated by a roller shutter in winter, the fermentation bed has good permeability and can control the temperature and the humidity well, the growth of pigs is very beneficial, the excrement of the pigs is decomposed by microorganisms, no odor exists in the pig house basically, mosquitoes and flies can not be bred, the content of various harmful gases is far lower than that of the traditional pig house, and the environment of the pig house can be effectively improved. And beneficial microorganisms in the filling material in the fermentation bed can supplement insufficient nutritional ingredients in the feed for pigs, improve the utilization rate of vitamins and various trace elements, and control a certain proportion of beneficial microbial agents such as bacillus natto, saccharomycetes and the like in the feed, so that the feed can play a role in resisting biomass, can promote the propagation of lactobacillus, bifidobacterium and the like in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs, enhances the gastrointestinal tract function and disease resistance of the pigs, improves the utilization digestibility of the feed, and can reduce the breeding cost. And fourthly, the pork quality can be improved, the pigs grow on the fermentation bed padding, a very comfortable environment is provided, the pigs can move fully, the original natural habits are recovered, the normal growth of the pigs is ensured, basically, no pathogenic bacteria are transmitted in a pigsty, the morbidity is very low, the pigs are clean and have white color, the pork quality is very high, and the pig meat belongs to pollution-free pork.
The method meets the hunch habit of the pigs firstly, and the fermentation bed contains nutrient substances which can be eaten by the pigs, thereby avoiding the cement disease. The fermentation bed is soft, so that the limbs of the live pigs cannot be injured due to the over-hard ground, and the range of seed selection is also expanded. The temperature of the fermentation bed is stable, and in hot summer, the temperature is kept at about 25 degrees due to the self-regulation of the fermentation bed and is lower than the ordinary cement ground temperature, or water can be sprayed on the fermentation bed to form a 'water bed', so that the needs of pigs are met. In addition, the piglet needs the temperature, and the constant temperature of the fermentation bed can avoid the diarrhea of the piglet, improve the survival rate of the piglet and increase more income. Is convenient for feeding and disposing the excrement, and the fermentation bed contains microorganisms which are convenient for decomposing the pig excrement. In winter, due to the fermentation bed, the temperature in the house is obviously improved, the temperature in the house can reach 20 ℃ without heating, and the temperature on the fermentation bed can reach 40-50 ℃, so that the problem that the piglet in the north is afraid of cold is solved.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention may be more clearly understood, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, however, the present invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described and thus the scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.
The invention relates to a method for raising pigs by a microbial fermentation bed, which mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) the bottom of the fermentation bed body directly adopts the dug soil pit bottom as the bottom without digging concrete, so as to keep a certain surface temperature through the natural heating of the padding; the periphery of the bed body adopts a hardened waterproof interlayer to prevent the pig from excreting urine;
(2) the depth of a fermentation bed body is 500-800mm, the bed body is divided into 3 layers, the thickness of a bottom layer is 100-170mm, and the fermentation bed is directly paved by adopting corn straws, sorghum straws and the like after being subjected to silk rolling without adding a microbial inoculum; the thickness of the middle layer is 180-230mm, and after the rice husk and the corn straw powder are paved, the weight ratio of the rice husk to the corn straw powder is 9: 1, spraying a lactic acid bacteria agent; the thickness of the surface layer is 120-170mm, and after rice hulls are paved, the surface of the rice hulls is as follows according to the mass ratio of 7: 1-7: 3, spraying EM microbial inoculum according to the proportion, and then spraying clear water to keep the surface humidity at 38-42%;
(3) turning the bed for 1-2 times regularly every day to keep the humidity of the rice hulls on the surface layer of the fermentation bed at 40% -60%;
(4) spraying clear water to the paving material once every 1-2 days;
(5) newly supplementing rice hulls according to 8-12% of the total padding quantity in the fermentation bed every month;
(6) and thoroughly cleaning all the padding in the fermentation bed once every other year.
One pig drinks about 3 to 5 liters of water every day, one pig urinates about 6 to 8 times every day, the average volume of the water is 0.25 liter every time, the bed body absorbs about 20 percent of urine per se, and the rest 80 percent volatilizes in the bed body, thereby degrading the consumption of the herds for eating. 20 percent of urine is absorbed by the bed body to be used as the bed body for moisturizing, the moisturizing time is about 2 hours, and clear water needs to be manually sprayed on the bed body after the bed body is moisturized. Therefore, the daily urine output of the swinery cannot exceed 30 cm of the bed body, and the humidity below 30 cm needs to be controlled to be about 40 percent of the water content.
The infrastructure around the bed body is provided with a hardened waterproof interlayer, so that the bed body is guaranteed not to be permeated by urine discharged by pigs and completely decomposed above 30 cm, zero emission and zero pollution are guaranteed, meanwhile, the temperature in a colony house can be reached, and the colony house is not heated for the second time. The excrement and urine enter the middle layer and then are fermented, and the fermented excrement generates intentional crude protein which can be eaten by the pigs.
In winter in the north, the temperature is more than 30 ℃ below zero or in the hottest summer, the concentration and the addition amount do not need large adjustment, and only the thickness of the mattress bed and the volume of the pig need to be adjusted. When the temperature is hot, the volume density of the pig can be properly reduced a little bit less, and a little bit is added to the thickness of the padding.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for raising pigs by a microbial fermentation bed is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) the bottom of the fermentation bed body directly adopts the dug soil pit bottom as the bottom without digging concrete, so as to keep a certain surface temperature through the natural heating of the padding; the periphery of the bed body adopts a hardened waterproof interlayer to prevent the pig from excreting urine;
(2) the depth of the fermentation bed body is 500 plus 800mm, the bed body is divided into 3 layers, the thickness of the bottom layer is 100 plus 170mm, and the fermentation bed is directly paved by adopting corn straws, sorghum straws and the like after silk rolling without adding a microbial inoculum; the thickness of the middle layer is 180-230mm, and after the rice husk and the corn straw powder are paved, the weight ratio of the rice husk to the corn straw powder is 9: 1, spraying a lactic acid bacteria agent; the thickness of the surface layer is 120-170mm, and after rice hulls are paved, the surface of the rice hulls is as follows according to the mass ratio of 7: 1-7: 3, spraying EM microbial inoculum according to the proportion, and then spraying clear water to keep the surface humidity at 38-42%;
(3) turning the bed for 1-2 times regularly every day to keep the humidity of the rice hulls on the surface layer of the fermentation bed at 40% -60%;
(4) spraying clear water to the paving material once every 1-2 days;
(5) newly supplementing rice hulls according to 8-12% of the total padding quantity in the fermentation bed every month;
(6) and thoroughly cleaning all the padding in the fermentation bed once every one year.
2. The method for raising pigs by using the microbial fermentation bed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of rice husks to corn stalks used in the middle layer of the fermentation bed is 6: 4; the size of the broken powder of the rice hulls or the corn straws is not more than 1 cm.
3. The microbial fermentation bed pig raising method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the surface layer rice hulls are dreg-free, clean and dry.
4. The method for raising pigs by using a microbial fermentation bed as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the concentration of the lactobacillus sprayed on the middle layer of the fermentation bed is 30 hundred million cfu/g.
5. The method of claim 1 or 4, wherein the lactobacillus sprayed on the middle layer of the fermentation bed is a mixed lactobacillus solution prepared by adding 1.5 kg of lactobacillus culture medium per 10 kg of lactobacillus; the lactobacillus expanded culture is prepared from lactobacillus raw bacteria, brown sugar and warm water according to the ratio of 1: 2: 7, and sealing, light-proof and standing for 5-8 days at the ambient temperature of 18-28 ℃ after uniformly mixing and stirring; the concentration of the lactobacillus expanded strain is 7.5 hundred million Cfu/g.
6. The method for raising pigs by using a microbial fermentation bed as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the concentration of EM microbial inoculum sprayed on the surface layer of the fermentation bed is 20 hundred million cfu/g.
7. The method for raising pigs by using a microbial fermentation bed as claimed in claim 1 or 6, wherein the EM microbial inoculum sprayed on the surface layer of the fermentation bed is EM bacterial mixed bacterial liquid prepared by adding 3 kg of EM bacterial overgrowth bacteria into every 10 kg of EM microbial inoculum; the EM bacteria amplification culture is prepared by mixing EM bacteria, brown sugar and warm water according to the ratio of 1: 2: 7, and sealing, light-proof and standing for 5-8 days at the ambient temperature of 18-28 ℃ after uniformly mixing and stirring; the concentration of the EM bacteria expansion culture is 2 hundred million cfu/g.
8. The method of raising a pig using a microbial fermentation bed according to claim 7, wherein the temperature of the warm water used for producing the expanded culture is 35 to 40 ℃.
9. The method for raising pigs by using a microbial fermentation bed as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the temperature required in the interior of the bed body and on the surface layer of the bed body of the fermentation bed is maintained by the liquid oxygen reaction of the bed material and the fermentation reaction of beneficial bacteria.
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| CN202210343799.9A CN114731983A (en) | 2022-04-02 | 2022-04-02 | Pig raising method by using microbial fermentation bed |
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| CN202210343799.9A CN114731983A (en) | 2022-04-02 | 2022-04-02 | Pig raising method by using microbial fermentation bed |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115443910A (en) * | 2022-09-14 | 2022-12-09 | 鄂州市乐猪农牧机械设备制造有限公司 | Pig farm deodorization system of taking a breath and deodorizing device thereof |
Citations (6)
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