CN114721300B - Seed fertilizer synchronous driving system and control method - Google Patents
Seed fertilizer synchronous driving system and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114721300B CN114721300B CN202210358031.9A CN202210358031A CN114721300B CN 114721300 B CN114721300 B CN 114721300B CN 202210358031 A CN202210358031 A CN 202210358031A CN 114721300 B CN114721300 B CN 114721300B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/04—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
The invention provides a seed fertilizer synchronous driving system and a control method, wherein a controller is connected with a window photoelectric sensor, a diffuse reflection photoelectric switch 1, a diffuse reflection photoelectric switch 2, a speed measuring sensor and a proximity switch, and is connected with a contactor, a touch screen, a relay and a buzzer. The contactor is connected with the fan, the relay is connected with the driver, the driver is connected with the stepping motor, and the controller is connected with the step-down module and is connected with the power button. The window photoelectric sensor is arranged in the seed discharging pipe, the diffuse reflection photoelectric switch 1 is arranged in the fertilizer discharging pipe, the diffuse reflection photoelectric switch 2 is arranged at the bottom of the feed box, the speed measuring sensor is arranged on the seeding and fertilizing machine, and the proximity switch is arranged at the bottom of the machine. The synchronous electrically driven control device for seeding and fertilizer applying machine can control the rotation speed of motor in real time based on the running speed of the machine, so as to maintain the seeding amount and fertilizer applying amount in unit area unchanged, and realize intelligent seeding and fertilizer applying control, accurate seeding and fertilizer applying, residual alarm, locked rotation alarm, etc.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a seed fertilizer synchronous driving system and a control method, and belongs to an automatic control system in the field of agricultural machinery and equipment.
Background
At present, the domestic fertilizer distributor and seeder control the rotating speed of a direct current gear motor by using a speed regulating knob, and change the discharging speed of a discharging shaft of the fertilizer distributor or seeder, thereby achieving the purpose of flexibly controlling the broadcasting amount. The control mode can change the seeding quantity and the fertilizing quantity according to different requirements, but cannot accurately control the seeding quantity and the fertilizing quantity, reduce waste, save the cost of seeding and fertilizing, and have the functions of residual quantity alarming, pipeline blockage alarming, out-of-tolerance alarming and the like. If the operation is performed, only the approximate knob position can be estimated, the discharging speed is estimated, and the seeding and fertilizing amount is controlled; in addition, when the tractor runs at variable speed, the discharging speed cannot be correspondingly changed according to the running speed of the tractor, and the seeding amount and the fertilizing amount in a unit area are always kept unchanged. In addition, during operation, the workbin is behind the driver, and the driver often can not in time find that the surplus is insufficient and stop the feeding.
Aiming at the problems, the conventional seeding and fertilizing equipment can not meet the requirements of high efficiency, precision and saving, and intelligent agricultural seeding, the development of a seed fertilizer synchronous driving system and a control method capable of adjusting the seeding amount and the fertilizing amount in a follow-up manner, and carrying out insufficient allowance, pipeline blockage, out-of-tolerance automation and machine lifting alarm is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a synchronous driving system and a control method for seed fertilizers, which can solve a series of problems that the existing seeding and fertilizing machine cannot accurately perform seeding, such as insufficient allowance, pipeline blockage, machine lifting, out-of-tolerance automatic alarming and the like, realize automatic control of the rotating speed of a motor according to the running speed of a tractor, so that the seeding amount in a unit area is kept unchanged, and can automatically perform allowance alarming, pipeline blockage alarming, machine lifting alarming and out-of-tolerance alarming of the speed of a fertilizer discharging shaft of a seed sowing shaft.
In order to achieve the aim, the seed fertilizer synchronous driving system comprises a controller, a sensor, a touch screen, a relay, a contactor, a buzzer, a power supply, a voltage reduction module, a voltage boosting module, a power supply button, a cooling fan, a driver and a stepping motor, wherein the controller is connected with the touch screen, a start button and a stop button are arranged on the touch screen, the controller is connected with the contactor, the relay and the buzzer, and the voltage reduction module and the sensor are connected with the controller; the sensor is divided into a window photoelectric sensor, a diffuse reflection photoelectric switch 1, a diffuse reflection photoelectric switch 2, a speed measuring sensor and a proximity switch, and the voltage reducing module is connected with a power button and a cooling fan.
Further, the contactor is connected with a wiring terminal block, the wiring terminal block is respectively connected with 6 fans, the relay is connected with two drivers, and the drivers are connected with the boosting module and connected with the stepping motor.
Further, 6 window photoelectric sensors are arranged in the seed sowing pipe; the diffuse reflection photoelectric switches 1 are 6, are arranged in the fertilizer discharging pipe, the diffuse reflection photoelectric switches 2 are two, are respectively arranged at the bottom of the fertilizer box and the bottom of the seed box, the speed measuring sensor is arranged on the seeding and fertilizing machine, and the proximity switch is arranged at the bottom of the machine tool.
The invention discloses a seed fertilizer synchronous driving control method, which comprises the following steps:
s1: according to the field condition, setting working parameters of the machine tool, including row spacing L, row number N and fan speed, and calculating working width W according to formula (1). The process goes to S2.
W=L×N （1）
S2: according to the seed manure type and the actual needs of users, a theoretical seeding (fertilizing) amount T in unit area is set, a seed (fertilizer) discharging amount Q and an actual seeding (fertilizing) amount A in unit area, which are rotated by a motor in a seed (fertilizer) discharging device, are tested, and a calculated seeding (fertilizing) transmission ratio R and a seeding (fertilizing) correction coefficient C are calculated respectively according to a formula (2). The process goes to S3.
S3: real-time travel speed of machine tool according to speed sensorV s Calculating the rotation speed of the motor of the seed (fertilizer) discharging shaft by using the formula (3) according to the correction coefficient C of the seed (fertilizer) and the transmission ratio R of the seed (fertilizer)V m . The controller controls the rotating speed of the stepping motor by adjusting the frequency of the output pulse, and variable sowing (fertilization) is completed. The process goes to S4.
V m =V s ×R×C （3）
S4: judging whether the work of the machine tool is abnormal or not according to the information returned by the sensor; if yes, stopping working and alarming, otherwise, entering S5. The abnormality includes blockage of a seed (fertilizer) discharging pipeline, allowance of a seed (fertilizer) box, lifting of a machine tool and the like, and the process of entering S5 is completed.
S5: and updating the display information of the touch screen, including the sown (fertilized) area, the real-time advancing speed of the machine tool and the like. The completion returns to S3.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial technical effects:
(1) According to the invention, the sensors are arranged in the feed box, the seed discharging pipe and the fertilizer discharging pipe, and the sensors are used for detecting that the feed box allowance is insufficient or the seed discharging pipe and the fertilizer discharging pipe are blocked, and the feed box is transmitted to the touch screen through the controller, and the alarm popup window is popped up to automatically alarm and prompt, so that the stopping and starting of the seeder can be controlled on the touch screen according to actual conditions, the intelligent control is realized, and the invalid operation is eliminated.
(2) The invention comprises a man-machine interaction interface, and can conveniently change the seeding and fertilizing amount according to different requirements of different fields. Before operation, the initialization setting can be carried out by inputting corresponding numerical values on a man-machine interface of the large-color serial port screen, the seeding quantity and the fertilizing quantity are set, the parameters of the seeding and fertilizing operation are corrected, the adjustment is convenient and flexible, and the agricultural time is saved. When the machine works, the start and stop of the seeding and fertilizing machine can be controlled on the touch screen, and the working states of the seeding and fertilizing machine can be checked in real time, so that the precise seeding, the precise fertilizing and the intelligent monitoring are realized.
(3) The speed measuring sensor is arranged on the machine tool, the running speed of the tractor can be detected through the sensor, the seed and fertilizer discharging speed is calculated, the discharging speed of the stepping motor is automatically and accurately regulated, the sowing amount and the fertilizer applying amount in unit area under different running speeds are kept unchanged, the sowing and fertilizer applying uniformity is greatly improved, the utilization rate of seeds or fertilizer is improved, and the fertilizer or seed cost investment is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a touch screen page layout according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a control circuit according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a control method according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the seed manure synchronous driving system provided by the invention consists of a controller, a sensor, a touch screen, a relay, a contactor, a buzzer, a power supply, a buck module, a boost module, a power supply button, a cooling fan, a driver and a stepping motor, wherein 6 sensors are arranged in total, the power supply is a 12V storage battery, and an arduino singlechip is selected as the controller. The controller is connected with the touch screen, and a start key and a stop key are arranged on the touch screen; the controller controls the contactor, the relay and the buzzer; the sensor transmits the sensed information to the controller; the contactor is connected with a wiring terminal block, and 6 fans are respectively connected to the wiring terminal block. The relay is connected with two drivers, and the drivers are connected with the boosting module and are connected with the stepping motor.
The sensors are divided into 6 window photoelectric sensors, 6 diffuse reflection photoelectric switches 1, 6 diffuse reflection photoelectric switches 2, 6 speed measuring sensors and 6 proximity switches, and the 6 window photoelectric sensors are arranged in the seed sowing pipe; the diffuse reflection photoelectric switches 1 are 6 and are arranged in the fertilizer discharging pipe; the two diffuse reflection photoelectric switches 2 are respectively arranged at the bottom of the fertilizer box and the bottom of the seed box; the speed measuring sensor is arranged on the seeding and fertilizing machine, and the proximity switch is arranged at the bottom of the machine.
The communication port of the controller is connected with the TXT and RXT of the touch screen and communicates, the information received and processed by the controller is displayed on the touch screen in real time, and the information arranged on the touch screen is transmitted to the controller.
The storage battery 12V is connected with a power button, the controller is connected with a voltage reduction module, and the voltage reduction module is connected with a power button and a cooling fan and controls a power supply; the storage battery 12V is connected to a boosting module, and the boosting module is connected to a driver.
During sowing, compound fertilizer and seeds are filled into the feed box, the power button is pressed, the controller works, and the diffuse reflection photoelectric switch 2 detects that the feed box is full. The proximity switch detects that the machine is released, and the relay is switched on. Setting parameters, calibrating correction factors, setting seeding quantity, fertilizing quantity, wind speed of a fan, row spacing, row number and the like, finishing the setting, entering a monitoring interface, pressing a start button, controlling the fan to work by a controller, waiting by a stepping motor, rotating a seed sowing shaft and a fertilizer discharging shaft in sequence when a tractor moves forward, detecting the advancing speed of the seed sowing and fertilizing machine by a speed measuring sensor on the seed sowing and fertilizing machine, converting the rotating speed of the stepping motor by the controller according to the set parameters, controlling the discharging speed, and rotating the seed sowing shaft and the fertilizer discharging shaft in sequence when the tractor accelerates, and automatically controlling the stepping motor to accelerate synchronously, and synchronously decelerating otherwise.
When the diffuse reflection photoelectric switch 2 detects that the allowance of the feed box is insufficient; the diffuse reflection photoelectric switch 1 detects that a fertilizer discharge pipe is blocked; the speed sensor detects the advancing speed of the machine tool, the controller calculates that when the speed of the fertilizer discharging shaft of the seed discharging shaft exceeds the excessive speed, the touch screen pops up an alarm popup window to remind and display the alarm popup window on the early warning display interface; the controller controls the buzzer to work, and sends out alarm sound to remind an operator to stop feeding or check the problem. When the operation needs to be stopped temporarily in the middle, the stop key can be pressed, the whole machine enters a pause mode, the start key is pressed, and the system works next. When the work is completed, the power button is pressed, the whole machine stops, and if the work is to be restarted, the power button is pressed again.
When a power button is pressed down, the controller works, the window photoelectric sensor detects the seeding number of each seeding pipeline in real time, the diffuse reflection photoelectric switch 1 detects the blocking condition of the fertilizer discharging pipe, the diffuse reflection photoelectric switch 2 detects the allowance condition of the feed box, the speed measuring sensor detects the advancing speed of the machine tool, information is transmitted to the controller in real time, the controller receives data and carries out operation, the data and the result are transmitted to the touch screen, and the speed monitoring and the miss-seeding monitoring page of the touch screen are displayed in real time.
Example 1:
a seed fertilizer synchronous driving control method comprises the following steps:
(1) After the power supply is started, the program is initialized, the screen enters a parameter setting interface, a user sets the spacing between sowing rows to be 0.3m, the number of rows to be 6, the wind speed of a fan is high, and the system calculates the working width to be 1.8m.
(2) The user sets the seeding (fertilizing) amount per mu to be 55 kg/mu, the theoretical seed (fertilizer) amount is 130g/r, the motor starts a button to start testing, and the motor drives the seeding (fertilizing) shaft to rotate for 10 circles at the speed of 0.5 r/s. The user weighs the seed (fertilizer) discharging amount of 1250g when the seed (fertilizer) discharging shaft rotates for 10 circles, the input actual seed (fertilizer) discharging amount is 125g/r, the system calculates the transmission ratio of seeding (fertilization) to 1.14, and the correction coefficient is 1.04.
(3) The system enters a synchronous control mode, and the seed shaft (fertilizer discharging shaft) randomly rotates. At a certain moment, the speed sensor detects that the advancing speed of the machine tool is 0.5m/s, and the controller calculates and modifies the rotating speed of the seed shaft (fertilizer discharging shaft) to be 0.59r/s. The user can observe the advancing speed of the machine tool, the rotating speed of a volleyball shaft (fertilizer discharging shaft), the sown (fertilizer applying) area, the GPS positioning quality and the working state of the system on a speed monitoring interface. The user can observe the seeding condition of various seed discharging pipes at the leaky wave detection interface, including seeding number, leaky wave rate and rebroadcast rate.
Example 2:
a seed fertilizer synchronous driving control method comprises the following steps:
(1) After the power supply is started, the program is initialized, the screen enters a parameter setting interface, a user sets the spacing between sowing rows to be 0.3m, the number of rows to be 6, the wind speed of a fan is high, and the system calculates the working width to be 1.8m.
(2) The user sets the seeding (fertilizing) amount per mu to be 55 kg/mu, the theoretical seed (fertilizer) amount is 130g/r, the motor starts a button to start testing, and the motor drives the seed (fertilizer) shaft to rotate for 10 circles at the speed of 0.5 r/s. The user weighs the seed (fertilizer) discharging amount of 1250g when the seed (fertilizer) discharging shaft rotates for 10 circles, the input actual seed (fertilizer) discharging amount is 125g/r, the system calculates the transmission ratio of seeding (fertilization) to 1.14, and the correction coefficient is 1.04.
(3) The system enters a synchronous control mode, a user opens a seed box cover (a fertilizer box cover), the system stops working, a screen display machine tool is lifted up to enter an early warning display interface, the user puts down the machine tool to click and start, and the system starts working.
(4) The seed box seeds are sown (fertilizer box fertilizer is applied), the system stops working, the alarm of insufficient screen display allowance enters an early warning display interface, the user supplements the seeds (fertilizer) to click and start, and the system starts working.
(5) The pipeline of the seed metering (fertilizer metering) No. 1 is blocked, the system stops working and enters an early warning display interface, the screen displays that the pipeline of the seed metering (fertilizer metering) No. 1 is blocked, a user dredges the pipeline and clicks and starts, and the system starts working.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein with reference to specific examples, illustrative of the above examples
The present invention is only to aid in understanding the method of the present invention and its core ideas. It should be noted that for a person of ordinary skill in the art
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several improvements and modifications can be made to the present invention without departing from the principles of the invention
And modifications are also within the scope of the appended claims.
The above is only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited by this, and any modification made on the basis of the technical scheme according to the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A seed fertilizer synchronous driving system and a control method are characterized in that: the intelligent control device comprises a controller, a sensor, a touch screen, a relay, a contactor, a buzzer, a power supply, a step-down module, a step-up module, a power button, a cooling fan, a driver and a stepping motor, wherein the controller is connected with the touch screen, and a start key and a stop key are arranged on the touch screen; the controller is connected with the contactor, the relay and the buzzer; the step-down module and the sensor are connected to the controller; the sensor comprises a window photoelectric sensor, a diffuse reflection photoelectric switch 1, a diffuse reflection photoelectric switch 2, a speed measuring sensor and a proximity switch, and the voltage reducing module is connected with a power button and a cooling fan; the contactor is connected with a wiring terminal block, 6 fans are respectively connected to the wiring terminal block, the relay is connected with two drivers, and the drivers are connected with the boosting module and connected with the stepping motor;
the control method comprises the following steps:
s1: setting working parameters of the machine tool including row spacing L, row number N and fan speed according to the field condition, calculating working width W according to a formula (1), and finishing entering S2;
W ＝ L × N (1)
s2: according to the seed manure types and the actual needs of users, setting a theoretical seeding quantity T in unit area, a theoretical fertilizing quantity T in unit area, a theoretical seed sowing quantity Q in one circle rotated by a motor in a seed sowing device and a theoretical fertilizer sowing quantity Q in one circle rotated by a motor in a fertilizer sowing device, testing an actual seeding quantity A in unit area and an actual fertilizing quantity A in unit area, respectively calculating a seeding transmission ratio R, a fertilizing transmission ratio R, a seeding correction coefficient C and a fertilizing correction system C according to a formula (2), and finishing entering S3;
s3: according to the real-time advancing speed V s, the seeding correction coefficient C, the fertilizing correction coefficient C, the seeding transmission ratio R and the fertilizing transmission ratio R of the machine tool measured by the speed sensor, calculating the rotating speed V m of the seed shaft motor and the rotating speed V m of the fertilizer shaft motor by utilizing a formula (3); the controller controls the rotating speed of the stepping motor by adjusting the frequency of the output pulse to finish variable sowing and fertilization, and the step S4 is finished;
V m ＝ V s × R ×C (3)
s4: judging whether the work of the machine tool is abnormal or not according to the information returned by the sensor; if yes, stopping working and alarming, otherwise, entering S5; the abnormality comprises blockage of a seed discharging pipeline, blockage of a fertilizer discharging pipeline, allowance of a seed box, allowance of a fertilizer box and lifting of a machine tool; s5, finishing entering;
s5: updating display information of a touch screen, wherein the display information comprises a sown area, a fertilized area and a real-time advancing speed of a machine tool; the completion returns to S3.
2. The seed manure synchronous driving system and the control method according to claim 1, wherein: 6 window photoelectric sensors are arranged in the seed sowing pipe; 6 diffuse reflection photoelectric switches are arranged in the fertilizer discharging pipe; the two diffuse reflection photoelectric switches 2 are respectively arranged at the bottom of the fertilizer box and the bottom of the seed box; the speed measuring sensor is arranged on the seeding and fertilizing machine, and the proximity switch is arranged at the bottom of the machine.
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| CN115316084B (en) * | 2022-08-01 | 2023-08-18 | 中国农业机械化科学研究院集团有限公司 | Air flow conveying type wheat seeder measurement and control device and control method thereof |
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