CN114716399B - 一种有机电致发光化合物及其应用 - Google Patents

一种有机电致发光化合物及其应用 Download PDF

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CN114716399B
CN114716399B CN202210482662.1A CN202210482662A CN114716399B CN 114716399 B CN114716399 B CN 114716399B CN 202210482662 A CN202210482662 A CN 202210482662A CN 114716399 B CN114716399 B CN 114716399B
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王辉
高旭
王羽
罗洪凯
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Jilin Optical and Electronic Materials Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种有机电致发光化合物及其应用,该有机电致发光化合物结构如式I所示:

Description

一种有机电致发光化合物及其应用
技术领域
本发明涉及有机发光材料技术领域,更具体的说是涉及一种有机电致发光化合物及其应用。
背景技术
有机电致发光(EL)材料自发明以来,由于其具有自发光性能、发光效率更高(可达到上万cd/m2)、轻薄、质量轻、响应速度快、视觉角度范围广(可达到160°)、驱动电压低(<10V)、工作温度范围宽(-45℃~80℃的条件都可以工作)的优势,既可形成刚性显示,还可以实现柔性显示,且易于实现大屏幕显示,被业内人士称为“梦幻般的显示器”,所以,有机EL逐渐发展成为新一代平板显示领域最具优势技术。
在有机EL装置中,通过施加电压将来自阳极的空穴和来自阴极的电子注入到发光层中,并且通过空穴和电子的再结合产生具有高能量的激子。有机发光化合物通过能量移动到激发态并由当有机发光化合物从激发态返回到基态时的能量发射光。
决定有机EL装置中的发光效率的重要因素是发光材料。要求发光材料具有以下特征:高量子效率、高电子和空穴移动度、以及所形成的发光材料层的均匀性和稳定性。根据发光颜色将发光材料分为蓝色、绿色和红色发光材料,并且进一步包括黄色或橙色发光材料。此外,在功能方面,将发光材料分为主体材料和掺杂剂材料。近来,迫切的任务是开发具有高效率和长寿命的有机EL装置。具体地,考虑到中型和大型OLED面板所需的EL特性,迫切需要开发优于常规材料的高度优异的发光材料。为此,充当溶剂和固态中唯一能量传输体的主体材料的所希望的特性应为高纯度,并且具有适合的分子量以使得能够真空沉积。此外,要求主体材料具有高玻璃化转变温度和热解温度以实现热稳定性、高电化学稳定性,以实现长寿命、非晶薄膜的易成形性、与相邻层的良好粘合性以及层之间不移动性。
此外,要求开发在空穴传输层、缓冲层、电子传输层等中具有良好热稳定性并且能够改善有机电致发光装置的性能(如驱动电压、发光效率和寿命)的材料。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明提供了一种有机电致发光化合物及其应用,本发明通过选择特定的配体而得到的主体有机电致发光材料在用于有机电致发光器件后,能够显著提高器件的发光效率,降低器件的驱动电压。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种有机电致发光化合物,其结构如式I所示:
其中,式中:
R1-R4各自独立地选自氢、氘、卤素、取代或未取代的C6~C60的芳基或杂芳基;
X选自O、S、N或NR,其中R选自氢、氰基、C1~C6的烷基、C6~C18的芳基或杂芳基。
优选的,所述R1-R4各自独立地选自以下结构中的一种或多种组合:
在上述技术方案中“取代”意指与化合物的碳原子键合的氢原子变成另外的取代基,并且取代的位置没有限制,只要该位置为氢原子被取代的位置(即,取代基可以取代的位置)即可,并且当存在两个或更多个取代基取代时,两个或更多个取代基可以彼此相同或不同。
优选的,所述式I包括以下结构:
经由上述的技术方案可知,与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:本发明提供了一种新型的有机电致发光化合物,以特定结构的大共轭八元芳环为母核,提高了分子的平面性,降低了载流子的传输壁垒,与芳基或杂芳基配合,有利于提高使用该化合物的OLED器件的发光效率、降低驱动电压,此外,共轭的增大使化合物分子的刚性变强,结构更加稳定,使用该化合物的器件也表现出较好的寿命。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
第一步:称取1,3,9-三溴二苯并[b,d]呋喃(30g,74.09mmol)、联苯-1,8-二基二硼酸(21.35g,88.9mmol)、无水碳酸钠(23.56g,222.27mmol)、甲苯(300ml)、无水乙醇(150ml)、水(300ml),置换氮气三次,在氮气保护下加入四(三苯基膦)钯(0.342g,0.296mmol),置换氮气两次,在85℃回流反应12h,然后冷却至室温,静置分液,旋干,最后通过柱层析方法将目标产物与杂质分离,得到L-10-1固体粉末,质量13.13g,产率45%。
HPLC纯度:>99.2%;
质谱:计算值为394;测试值为395.24。
第二步:称取2-溴环丁烷[8,9]四苯并[1,16-bcd]呋喃(10g,25.29mmol)、1-萘硼酸(5.21g,30.34mmol)、无水碳酸钠(8.04g,75.87mmol)、甲苯(100ml)、无水乙醇(50ml)、水(100ml),置换氮气三次,在氮气保护下加入四(三苯基膦)钯(0.145g,0.126mmol),置换氮气两次,在100℃回流反应12h,然后冷却至室温,静置分液,旋干,最后通过柱层析方法将目标产物与杂质分离,得到L-10固体粉末,质量7.88g,产率71%。
HPLC纯度:>99.3%。
质谱:计算值为442.14;测试值为442.52。
具体反应原理如下:
实施例2
第一步:称取(1,9-二溴二苯并[b,d]呋喃-3-基)硼酸(30g,81.1mmol)、(4-苯基联苯撑-1,8-二基)二硼酸(30.76g,97.32mmol)、无水碳酸钠(25.78g,243.3mmol)、甲苯(300ml)、无水乙醇(150ml)、水(300ml),置换氮气三次,在氮气保护下加入四(三苯基膦)钯(0.374g,0.324mmol),置换氮气两次,在85℃回流反应12h,然后冷却至室温,静置分液,旋干,最后通过柱层析方法将目标产物与杂质分离,得到L-20-1固体粉末,质量14.85g,产率42%。
HPLC纯度:>99.3%;
质谱:计算值为436.13;测试值为436.29。
第二步:称取2-([1,1'-联苯]-4-基)-4-氯-6-苯基-1,3,5-三嗪(15g,
43.62mmol)、(7-苯基环丁[8,9]四亚苯基[1,16-bcd]呋喃-2-基)硼酸(20.93g,47.98mmol)、无水碳酸钠(13.87g,130.86mmol)、甲苯(150ml)、无水乙醇(75ml)、水(150ml),置换氮气三次,在氮气保护下加入四(三苯基膦)钯(0.2g,0.174mmol),置换氮气两次,在100℃回流反应12h,然后冷却至室温,静置分液,旋干,最后通过柱层析方法将目标产物与杂质分离,得到L-20固体粉末,质量15.56g,产率51%。
HPLC纯度:>99.3%;
质谱:计算值为699.23测试值为699.87。
实施例3
第一步:与实施例2方法相同;
第二步:称取2-溴-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪(15g,48.05mmol)、(8-苯基环丁[8,9]四亚苯基[1,16-bcd]呋喃-2-基)硼酸(23.05g,52.85mmol)、无水碳酸钠(15.27g,144.15mmol)、甲苯(150ml)、无水乙醇(75ml)、水(150ml),置换氮气三次,在氮气保护下加入四(三苯基膦)钯(0.22g,0.192mmol),置换氮气两次,在100℃回流反应12h,然后冷却至室温,静置分液,旋干,最后通过柱层析方法将目标产物与杂质分离,得到L-27固体粉末,质量14.68g,产率49%。
HPLC纯度:>99.5%。
质谱:计算值为623.2;测试值为623.65。
具体反应原理如下:
实施例4
第一步:与实施例2方法相同;
第二步:称取4-([1,1'-联苯]-4-基)-2-溴-6-苯基嘧啶(15g,43.62mmol)、环丁[8,9]四苯并[1,16-bcd]呋喃-2-基硼酸(18.85g,52.34mmol)、无水碳酸钠(13.87g,130.86mmol)、甲苯(150ml)、无水乙醇(75ml)、水(150ml),置换氮气三次,在氮气保护下加入四(三苯基膦)钯(0.25g,0.218mmol),置换氮气两次,在100℃回流反应14h,然后冷却至室温,静置分液,旋干,最后通过柱层析方法将目标产物与杂质分离,得到L-35固体粉末,质量12.49g,产率46%。
HPLC纯度:>99.5%;
质谱:计算值为622.2;测试值为621.84。
具体反应原理如下:
实施例5
第一步:称取(4,5-二溴联苯-2-基)硼酸(50g,142.08mmol)、二苯并[b,d]呋喃-1,9-二基二硼酸(47.29g,184.7mmol)、无水碳酸钠(45.18g,426.24mmol)、甲苯(500ml)、无水乙醇(250ml)、水(500ml),置换氮气三次,在氮气保护下加入四(三苯基膦)钯(0.656g,0.568mmol),置换氮气两次,在85℃回流反应10h,然后冷却至室温,静置分液,旋干,最后通过柱层析方法将目标产物与杂质分离,得到L-52-1固体粉末,质量16.37g,产率32%。
HPLC纯度:>99%;
质谱:计算值为360.1;测试值为360.42。
第二步:称取2-溴-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪(15g,48.05mmol)、环丁[8,9]四苯并[1,16-bcd]呋喃-5-基硼酸(19.03g,52.85mmol)、无水碳酸钠(15.27g,144.15mmol)、甲苯(150ml)、无水乙醇(75ml)、水(150ml),置换氮气三次,在氮气保护下加入四(三苯基膦钯)(0.27g,0.24mmol),置换氮气两次,在100℃回流反应12h,然后冷却至室温,静置分液,旋干,最后通过柱层析方法将目标产物与杂质分离,得到L-52固体粉末,质量19.73g,产率75%。
HPLC纯度:>99.5%;
质谱:计算值为547.17;测试值为547.62。
具体反应原理如下:
实施例6
第一步:称取(4-氯联苯-1,8-二基)二硼酸(44.69g,163.09mmol)、(1,9-二溴二苯并[b,d]呋喃-3-基)硼酸(50g,135.91mmol)、无水碳酸钠(43.21g,407.73mmol)、甲苯(500ml)、无水乙醇(250ml)、水(500ml),置换氮气三次,在氮气保护下加入四(三苯基膦)钯(0.627g,0.543mmol),置换氮气两次,在85℃回流反应10h,然后冷却至室温,静置分液,旋干,最后通过柱层析方法将目标产物与杂质分离,得到L-108-1固体粉末,质量16.6g,产率31%。
HPLC纯度:>99.1%;
质谱:计算值为394.06;测试值为394.84。
第二步:称取4-([1,1'-联苯]-3-基)-2-溴-6-苯基嘧啶(10g,25.82mmol)、(7-氯环丁烷[8,9]四亚苯基-[1,16-bcd]呋喃-2-基)硼酸(11.2g,28.4mmol)、无水碳酸钠(8.2g,77.46mmol)、甲苯(100ml)、无水乙醇(50ml)、水(100ml),置换氮气三次,在氮气保护下加入四(三苯基膦)钯(0.089g,0.077mmol),置换氮气两次,在100℃回流反应10h,然后冷却至室温,静置分液,旋干,最后通过柱层析方法将目标产物与杂质分离,得到L-108-1中间体,质量10.85g,产率64%。
HPLC纯度:>99.5%;
质谱:计算值为656.17;测试值为656.71。
第三步:称取L-108-2中间体(10.85g,16.51mmol)、1-萘硼酸(3.4g,19.81mmol)、无水碳酸钠(5.25g,49.53mmol)、甲苯(108ml)、无水乙醇(54ml)、水(108ml),置换氮气三次,在氮气保护下加入四(三苯基膦)钯(0.076g,0.066mmol),置换氮气两次,在100℃回流反应14h,然后冷却至室温,静置分液,旋干,最后通过柱层析方法将目标产物与杂质分离,得到L-108固体粉末,质量6.55g,产率53%。
HPLC纯度:>99.5%;
质谱:计算值为748.25;测试值为748.72。
具体反应原理如下:
因其他有机电致发光材料的制备方法均与上述所列举的10个实施例相同,所以在此不再穷举,本发明又选取其它有机电致发光材料作为实施例,其质谱和分子式如表1所示:
表1有机电致发光材料的分子式及质谱
化合物 分子式 质谱计算值 质谱测试值
L-55 C45H25N3O 623.72 623.43
L-59 C43H23N3O 597.68 597.18
L-67 C52H30N2O 698.83 699.02
L-83 C52H30N2O 698.83 698.77
L-84 C45H25N3O 623.72 623.91
L-94 C51H29N3O 699.81 699.23
L-95 C51H29N3O 699.82 699.52
L-107 C56H32N2O 748.89 748.26
L-123 C56H32N2O 748.89 749.12
L-124 C49H27N3O 673.78 673.56
器件比较实施例
其制备步骤包括:
(1)清洗透明的OLED底发光玻璃基板分别用去离子水、丙酮、异丙醇超声清洗15min,80℃烘干1h,投入蒸镀腔,等离子处理阳极表面;(2)在阳极表面通过热蒸镀的方式蒸镀空穴注入层材料HT1:NDP-9(10nm:0.3);(3)通过热蒸镀的方式蒸镀HT1(1200nm),该层为空穴传输层;(4)在空穴传输层表面蒸镀R Prime(800nm),该层为发光层和空穴传输层的buffer层;(5)通过热蒸镀的方式蒸镀化合物RH1和RD(40nm:0.3),该层为发光层;(6)在发光层表面蒸镀HBL1(5nm),该层为空穴阻挡层;(7)在HBL1层表面蒸镀ET1和LiQ(15nm:15),该层为ETL层;(8)在ETL层表面以热蒸镀方式蒸镀Al(100nm)该层为阴极。
按照上述步骤完成电致发光器件后,测量器件的电流效率和寿命,器件的电流-亮度-电压特性是由带有校正过的分光辐射亮度计的Keithley源测量系统(Keithley2400Sourcemeter)完成的,电致发光光谱是由美国photoresearch公司PR670分光辐射亮度计测量的,所有测量均在室温大气中完成。相关的分子结构如下式所示:
器件实施例:本发明以热蒸镀的方式制备16个底发光器件,其制备步骤同器件比较实施例,仅仅是发光层主体材料分别替换为化合物L-10、L-20、L-27、L-35、L-52、L-55、L-59、L-67、L-83、L-84、L-94、L-95、L-107、L-108、L-123、L-124;
上述器件实施例和比较例的驱动电压和电流效率以及器件的寿命等特性如表2所示;
表2有机电致发光材料的电压电压和电流效率以及器件的寿命
由表2可知使用本发明主体化合物制作的有机电致发光器件,发光效率可以达40Cd/A以上,发光颜色深红,能成功应用到OLED显示领域。
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述,每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处,各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。对于实施例公开的装置而言,由于其与实施例公开的方法相对应,所以描述的比较简单,相关之处参见方法部分说明即可。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明,使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的,本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下,在其它实施例中实现。因此,本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例,而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims (4)

1.一种有机电致发光化合物,其特征在于,其结构如式I所示:
其中,式中:
R1-R4各自独立地选自氢、氘、卤素、取代或未取代的C6~C60的芳基或杂芳基;
X选自O。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种有机电致发光化合物,其特征在于,所述R1-R4各自独立地选自以下结构中的一种或多种组合:
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种有机电致发光化合物,其特征在于,所述式I包括以下结构:
4.如权利要求1-3任一所述的有机电致发光化合物在有机电致发光器件中的应用。
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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107880056A (zh) * 2016-09-30 2018-04-06 南京高光半导体材料有限公司 有机电致发光化合物及使用该化合物的有机电致发光器件
CN113497198A (zh) * 2020-04-06 2021-10-12 罗门哈斯电子材料韩国有限公司 有机电致发光化合物、多种主体材料和包含其的有机电致发光装置
CN114394928A (zh) * 2022-01-12 2022-04-26 吉林奥来德光电材料股份有限公司 有机电致发光化合物及其制备方法和有机电致发光器件

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CN107880056A (zh) * 2016-09-30 2018-04-06 南京高光半导体材料有限公司 有机电致发光化合物及使用该化合物的有机电致发光器件
CN113497198A (zh) * 2020-04-06 2021-10-12 罗门哈斯电子材料韩国有限公司 有机电致发光化合物、多种主体材料和包含其的有机电致发光装置
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