CN114712519A - 一种基于丝胶蛋白的水不溶性药物运载体系的制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents
一种基于丝胶蛋白的水不溶性药物运载体系的制备方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于丝胶蛋白的水不溶性药物运载体系的制备方法及其应用,具体为:(1)丝胶蛋白溶液的制备:以茧衣、茧壳、废丝、次茧等为原料,加入脱胶剂脱胶,获得脱胶液;(2)将脱胶液过滤,加入水不溶性药物的固体,振荡得到丝胶蛋白/药物复合物的初产物,所述水不溶性药物为不溶或微溶于纯水、但在pH>7水溶液中溶解的药物;(3)丝胶蛋白/药物复合物的纯化及应用:将初产物溶液用酸中和至pH6.2~7.5后直接应用,或透析除盐后再应用。此丝胶蛋白/药物复合物经冷冻干燥得到的固体可以复溶于水,形成稳定分散液。该方法操作简单,可广泛用于多种水不溶性药物的增溶、分散和运载,有很高的社会价值和应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于水不溶性药物的增溶运载体系,属于生物医药技术领域。
背景技术
为了最大化实现药效,必须将药物制备成有适当浓度的稳定剂型。增加水不溶性药物的水相分散性和稳定性是增加药物穿过生理屏障的渗透性、改善药物的体内分布、提高生物利用度的有效策略。目前,用于提高药物水溶性的策略主要有化学修饰、加入助溶剂或表面活性剂、制备成药物纳米粒或胶束等。常见的增溶性辅料多为黏性亲水胶体(或胶束)物质,如高分子聚合物(例如:聚乙烯醇、聚维酮、聚乙二醇、卡波姆、嵌段聚合物等)、纤维素衍生物(例如:甲基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素等)、蛋白质(例如:牛血清版蛋白、丝素蛋白、胶原蛋白)等。例如,中国专利(CN107157952 A)报道了一种负载药物的丝素蛋白纳米颗粒,提高了药物水相稳定性,进而增大了药物在细胞内的摄取量,延长了药物的滞留时间;中国专利(CN105030669 A)采用聚乙烯己内酰胺-聚乙酸乙烯酯-聚乙二醇共聚物作为辅料,包合药物姜黄素制备成胶束滴眼液,改善了姜黄素的水溶性和分子稳定性,提高了滴眼给药后的药物吸收率及滴眼液的贮存稳定性;中国专利(CN103054796 A)采用聚乙烯己内酰胺-聚乙酸乙烯酯-聚乙二醇共聚物为辅料包合药物环孢素A制备成胶束,增加了环孢素A的水溶性,提高了角膜对药物的吸收,延长了药物的作用时间,提高了药物的安全性和有效性;中国专利CN200810139941.8公开了一种姜黄素纳米结晶制剂及其制备方法,该制剂为加入表面活性剂作为增溶剂或助溶剂,可制成冻干粉,并用于口服给药。但是,表面活性剂通常具有潜在的毒性或者不可降解,可能对人体产生毒副作用,而上述药物增溶体系的制备过程通常较为复杂,合成过程使用有毒、有机试剂,能耗和成本均较高。开发新型药物增溶体系,尤其是基于天然生物高分子的载药体系,对降低成本、节能、环保的意义重大。
丝胶蛋白是存在于茧丝外层、起保护作用的蛋白质。中国的茧丝绸生产规模居世界首位,在茧丝绸生产过程中,丝胶蛋白一般被当作脱胶废液丢弃。脱胶废水不仅会增加污水处理的成本与难度,也是对丝胶蛋白这一天然资源的浪费。将丝胶蛋白进行回收利用,不但节约自然资源,而且可以增加茧丝绸行业的副产物产量和附加值。近年来,因其优秀的生物相容性、低免疫原性、绿色可降解、来源广泛、提取过程简单等优势,丝胶蛋白在生物医药领域的应用受到越来越多的关注,成为开发新型药物载体、可植入机体的生物材料、高性能复合材料的重要研究对象。丝胶蛋白的结构中含有较多的天门冬氨酸、赖氨酸、苏氨酸和谷氨酸等,拥有大量亲水基团,因此具有良好的化学反应活性和水溶性,是建立药物增溶和运送体系的优秀选择。但是,目前,未有研究报道基于丝胶蛋白对多种类药物的普适性增溶方法。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术存在的上述不足,提出一种基于丝胶蛋白的水不溶性药物运载体系的制备方法,并简单介绍其应用。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案为:(1)丝胶蛋白溶液的制备:以茧衣、茧壳、废丝、次茧等为原料,用清水漂洗后,加入脱胶剂在一定条件下脱胶后得到脱胶液;(2)丝胶蛋白负载水不溶性药物:将步骤1获得的脱胶液用220μm孔径的滤膜过滤后,加入水不溶性药物的固体,在室温下用涡旋器振荡2min使药物溶解,得到丝胶蛋白/药物复合物的初产物;(3)丝胶蛋白/药物复合物的纯化:向步骤2获得的初产物溶液中加入适量酸溶液,中和至溶液pH为6.2~7.5后直接应用,或将步骤 2所得初产物在去离子水中透析除盐后再应用。
步骤(1)所述的脱胶剂为弱碱性试剂,包括但不限于碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠等常见弱碱性试剂中的一种或几种;脱胶剂与茧原料的质量比为(0.1-10):1。
步骤(1)所述的脱胶条件为溶液pH值7.5-11,脱胶温度为80-100℃,脱胶时间为15-60分钟。
步骤(2)所述的水不溶性药物指不溶或微溶于水、但在碱性水溶液中溶解的药物,包括但不限于黄酮类药物(例如柚皮素、原花青素、橙皮素、木犀草素、漆黄素)、咖啡酸、阿魏酸等常见药物中的一种或几种。
步骤(2)中药物与丝胶的质量比为(0.01-40):1。
步骤(3)中所述的酸为浓度为1mM的盐酸或磷酸溶液。
步骤(3)中所述的透析过程所用的透析袋截留分子量为300-3000。
步骤(3)获得的丝胶蛋白/药物复合物可以通过冷冻干燥方法得到固体后进行长期保存,在使用时以一定浓度(0.01-50mg/mL)复溶于水可得到稳定分散溶液。
本发明的有益效果
本发明创新性地研究了基于丝胶蛋白的水不溶性药物运载体系的制备方法,操作步骤简单,适用性广,对设备的要求低,制备过程绿色环保,原料成本低,不使用有毒、有害试剂;本方法可广泛用于多种水不溶性药物的增溶、分散和运载,得到的丝胶蛋白/药物复合物的稳定性高、溶解度大、生物安全性高,能够实现大规模工业化制备,有很高的社会价值和应用前景。具体为:
1.本发明所用到的丝胶蛋白属于工业废弃物的再利用,广泛易得、价格低廉、生物相容性好(丝胶蛋白的鸡胚刺激性实验如图1所示)、尺寸分布均匀(丝胶蛋白溶液的粒径测试结果如图2所示)。
2.丝胶蛋白能够对多种水不溶性药物进行增溶和稳定,得到的丝胶蛋白/药物复合物的水相分散性好、稳定性高(如图3,丝胶蛋白/原花青素复合物在4℃保存一个月仍稳定,无沉淀或分层现象出现),满足一般药物对溶解度和稳定性的要求。
3.本发明制备过程中对实验设备的要求低,制备过程只需要加热器、涡旋仪和冷冻干燥器。
4.该方法利用丝胶蛋白的高生物相容性、多官能团及结合位点、及其在水溶液中的高分散稳定性等优点,通过丝胶蛋白与药物的结合实现药物的增溶和稳定,更好地发挥药物疗效。
综上所述,本发明制备过程操作简单,生产成本低,绿色环保,生产周期短,不涉及大型仪器设备;丝胶蛋白可明显提高多种水不溶性药物的水相分散性和稳定性,有很好的社会价值和应用前景。
附图说明
图1:丝胶蛋白的鸡胚刺激性实验,显示出丝胶蛋白优秀的生物相容性、无刺激性。左图为单独的鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜,右图为与丝胶蛋白溶液直接接触30min后的鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜。
图2:丝胶蛋白溶液的粒径测试结果表明,丝胶蛋白在水溶液中的粒径均一
图3:丝胶蛋白/药物(原花青素)复合物的水相分散照片(左),单独原花青素的水相分散照片(中),丝胶蛋白/药物(原花青素)复合物的水溶液在4℃下储存 30天后的溶液照片(右)。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明:本实施例在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施,给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程,但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。
实施例1
以抗氧化药物原花青素为例,实施丝胶蛋白对水不溶性药物的增溶和稳定:
称取20g桑蚕丝溶于2000mL质量分数为0.5wt%的NaHCO3溶液中,煮至微沸并保持30min后,用220μm孔径的滤膜过滤,除去不溶性杂质。称取原花青素固体加入至上述丝胶溶液中,原花青素与丝胶蛋白的质量比为5:1,涡旋器振荡溶解2min,得到丝胶蛋白/原花青素复合物的初产物。将初产物置于截留分子量为1000的透析袋中,在室温下于去离子水中透析纯化24小时,即得丝胶蛋白/原花青素复合物溶液。
实施例2
以黄酮类药物柚皮素为例,实施丝胶蛋白对水不溶性药物的增溶和稳定:
称取20g柞蚕丝溶于2000mL质量分数为0.3wt%的Na2CO3溶液中,煮至微沸并保持20min后,用220μm孔径的滤膜过滤,除去不溶性杂质。称取柚皮素固体加入至上述丝胶溶液中,柚皮素与丝胶蛋白的质量比为1:1,涡旋器振荡溶解2min,得到丝胶蛋白/柚皮素复合物的初产物。将初产物置于截留分子量为300的透析袋中,在室温下于去离子水中透析纯化24小时,即得丝胶蛋白/柚皮素复合物溶液。
实施例3
以抗菌药物咖啡酸为例,实施丝胶蛋白对水不溶性药物的增溶和稳定:
称取20g柞蚕丝溶于1000mL质量分数为0.5wt%的Na2CO3溶液中,煮至微沸并保持30min后,用220μm孔径的滤膜过滤,除去不溶性杂质。称取咖啡酸固体加入至上述丝胶溶液中,咖啡酸与丝胶蛋白的质量比为0.2:1,涡旋器振荡溶解2min,得到丝胶蛋白/咖啡酸复合物的初产物。将初产物置于截留分子量为3000的透析袋中,在室温下于去离子水中透析纯化24小时,即得丝胶蛋白/咖啡酸复合物溶液。
Claims (8)
1.一种基于丝胶蛋白的水不溶性药物运载体系的制备方法及其应用,其特征在于,本制备方法共分三步进行:(1)丝胶蛋白溶液的制备:以茧衣、茧壳、废丝、次茧等为原料,用清水漂洗后,加入脱胶剂在一定条件下脱胶后得到脱胶液;(2)丝胶蛋白负载水不溶性药物:将步骤1获得的脱胶液用220μm孔径的滤膜过滤后,加入水不溶性药物的固体,在室温下用涡旋器振荡2min使药物溶解,得到丝胶蛋白/药物复合物的初产物;(3)丝胶蛋白/药物复合物的纯化:向步骤2获得的初产物溶液中加入适量酸溶液,中和至溶液pH为6.2~7.5后直接应用,或将步骤2所得初产物在去离子水中透析除盐后再应用。
2.按权利要求1所述的一种基于丝胶蛋白的水不溶性药物运载体系的制备方法及其应用,其特征在于:步骤(1)所述的脱胶剂为弱碱性试剂,包括但不限于碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠等常见弱碱性试剂中的一种或几种;脱胶剂与茧原料的质量比为(0.1-10):1。
3.按权利要求1所述的一种基于丝胶蛋白的水不溶性药物运载体系的制备方法及其应用,其特征在于:步骤(1)的脱胶条件为溶液pH值7.5-11,脱胶温度为80-100℃,脱胶时间为15-60分钟。
4.按权利要求1所述的一种基于丝胶蛋白的水不溶性药物运载体系的制备方法及其应用,其特征在于:步骤(2)所述的水不溶性药物指不溶或微溶于水、但在碱性水溶液中溶解的药物,包括但不限于黄酮类药物(例如柚皮素、原花青素、橙皮素、木犀草素、漆黄素)、咖啡酸、阿魏酸等常见药物中的一种或几种。
5.按权利要求1所述的一种基于丝胶蛋白的水不溶性药物运载体系的制备方法及其应用,其特征在于:步骤(2)中药物与丝胶的质量比为(0.01-40):1。
6.按权利要求1所述的一种基于丝胶蛋白的水不溶性药物运载体系的制备方法及其应用,其特征在于:步骤(3)中所述的酸为浓度为1mM的盐酸或磷酸溶液。
7.按权利要求1所述的一种基于丝胶蛋白的水不溶性药物运载体系的制备方法及其应用,其特征在于:步骤(3)中所述的透析过程所用的透析袋截留分子量为300-3000。
8.按权利要求1所述的一种基于丝胶蛋白的水不溶性药物运载体系的制备方法及其应用,其特征在于:步骤(3)获得的丝胶蛋白/药物复合物可以通过冷冻干燥方法得到固体后进行长期保存,在使用时以一定浓度(0.01-50mg/mL)复溶于水可得到稳定分散溶液。
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