CN114711296A - 一种药食同源降血压牛乳配方奶粉及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种药食同源降血压牛乳配方奶粉及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23C9/152—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations containing additives
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23C9/152—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations containing additives
- A23C9/1526—Amino acids; Peptides; Protein hydrolysates; Nucleic acids; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23C—DAIRY PRODUCTS, e.g. MILK, BUTTER OR CHEESE; MILK OR CHEESE SUBSTITUTES; MAKING THEREOF
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- A23C9/152—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations containing additives
- A23C9/1528—Fatty acids; Mono- or diglycerides; Petroleum jelly; Paraffine; Phospholipids; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23C9/00—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations
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- A23C9/158—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations containing additives containing vitamins or antibiotics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23C9/00—Milk preparations; Milk powder or milk powder preparations
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种药食同源降血压牛乳配方奶粉及其制备方法,该奶粉原料组分按重量计,包括:牛乳40~60份,脱盐乳清粉20~30份,乳清蛋白粉5~10份,复合中药材微胶囊粉1~2份,乳糖3~5份,低聚糖1~3份,DHA粉末0.5~1份,复合维生素0.1~0.5份,复合矿物质0.1~0.5份。本发明通过超声浸提枸杞、栀子、生姜中的活性成分,并以麦芽糊精和变性淀粉作为混合壁材包埋中药材活性成分制成微胶囊粉,将牛乳和药食同源材料进行完美结合通过喷雾干燥制备成奶粉。得到的奶粉具有高ACE抑制活性,不仅能满足一般高血压人群对降血压的需求,同时也能针对孕妇妊娠期高血压人群对降血压的需求,并满足孕妇摄入优质蛋白质和低脂肪的要求。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及乳制品加工技术领域,具体涉及一种针对高血压并可用于缓解孕妇妊高症的药食同源牛乳配方奶粉及其制备方法。
背景技术
近年来,药食同源材料因其具有安全性高、效果好的特点日益受到食品研究者的重视。其中生姜、枸杞、栀子作为常见的药食同源材料,具有抗氧化、降血压等多种生物活性,在功能性食品方面有很大的应用潜力。生姜中含有多种酚类、黄酮类功能性成分。姜黄素是从生姜中提取出的一种植物多酚,具有抗氧化、降血压的活性。研究发现姜黄素可以降低血浆及肾组织ET-1的含量,证明其作为多酚化合物具有类似ACE抑制肽的降血压作用。枸杞中含有20余种氨基酸,其醇提物具有很强的降血压作用,且剂量效应关系显著。栀子中分离和鉴定出的活性化合物有40多种,包括环烯醚萜类、黄酮类、有机酸酯类、甾醇类及色素等,通过改善内皮功能调节血压。
妊娠高血压综合征(妊高症),是孕妇在妊娠期常见一种疾病。在我国的发病率约为9%,在国外约为5%~12%。妊高症通常会导致孕期高血压,严重时会出现头痛、腹痛等状况,导致孕妇体内脏器功能的损伤以及产期不良事件发生,甚至引发孕妇死亡。
由于妊娠期是一项复杂的生理过程,孕妇在应用降压药需十分谨慎,防止药物出现毒副作用。因此,现在更倾向于通过食疗方法来治疗妊娠症,中药材富含丰富的降血压活性成分,可以服用含药食同源材料的食物来预防或降低妊娠期间高血压的发生。由于孕妇孕期需要大量营养,而牛乳中具有大量蛋白质和氨基酸,可提高免疫力、促进营养元素的吸收。因此,将药食同源材料和牛乳相结合,开发出复合降血压功能配方奶粉食品具有重要现实意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的,在于提供了一种针对高血压人群,同时可供妊娠期孕妇食用,食用后可以预防并且降低妊高症高血压的药食同源牛乳配方奶粉及其制备方法,与现有的降血压食品相比,针对人群种类范围更广,效果显著,安全稳定,工艺先进,适合长期食用。
所述的一种药食同源降血压牛乳配方奶粉的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)称取原料:称取上述原料,备用;
(2)投料与混料:将上述预定比例的各奶粉原料(奶粉类原料70~80份,乳清蛋白粉10份,微胶囊粉1~2份,低聚糖1~5份,DHA粉末0.5~1份)送到高速剪切罐中,复配维生素、矿物质等加水溶解均匀(水溶比例1:20),按复配维生素、矿物质顺序依次送入高速剪切罐中混合;
(3)均质浓缩:均质前先预热到60~65℃,均质压力为20~22Mpa,均质后经95~100℃灭菌4s,进行真空浓缩至混料乳体积的23~27%,奶中固形物质量分数在30~40%;
(4)喷雾干燥:在干燥塔内进行高压喷雾干燥,其进风温度设置为180~200℃,排风温度设置为70~80℃;
(5)干混:将奶粉迅速降低至室温,与上述制备的中药材微胶囊粉进行干混,混合均匀即得成品奶粉。
技术效果:
本发明的药食同源原料降血压活性成分,主要是枸杞中的花色苷类物质、生姜中的姜烯类物质、栀子中的黄酮类物质,利用提取出的这三种物质之间的协同作用实现降血压效果。
本发明提供的复合中药材微胶囊粉,通过选定壁材麦芽糊精:变性淀粉=1:1的混合壁材考察微胶囊的理化性质,发现混合壁材包埋率最高为75.24%,其活性成分微胶囊的平均粒径较大,在536nm左右,且粒径分布曲线呈单峰,证明包裹更均匀。通过该类微胶囊壁材对中药材活性成分进行包埋,提高降血压效果,同时降低产品的苦味,使中药材的风味口感更易于让人接受。
本发明提供的药食同源降血压奶粉,通过特定的工序及参数将中药材与牛乳完美的结合,能够充分释放药食同源原料中的有效成分,从而使得制备得到的奶粉不仅可以针对普通高血压人群有良好的降血压效果,同时可预防及缓解孕妇妊高症,且易于吸收,制备工艺简单,生产成本低,具有很好的应用前景。
具体实施方式
下面结合本发明实施例,对本发明的技术方案作进一步的描述,所描述的实施例用于解释本发明,并不限定本发明。
实施例1
一种药食同源降血压牛乳配方奶粉,基于每100g的奶粉,包括以下重量份原料:
脱脂牛乳80g,乳清蛋白粉10g,复合中药材微胶囊粉1g,低聚糖1g,DHA粉末0.5g,复合维生素0.1g,复合矿物质0.5g。
复合中药材微胶囊粉,原料组分按重量份计:枸杞40份、栀子30份、生姜30份、麦芽糊精1份、变性淀粉1份。
复合维生素和复合矿物质为:维生素A 1000μg、维生素D15μg、维生素E 20mg、维生素B1 2500μg、维生素B2 1500μg、维生素B6 2500μg、维生素B12 1000μg、维生素C 300mg、镁300mg、铁20mg、锌15mg,其余为乳糖。
复合中药材微胶囊粉制备:对枸杞、栀子、生姜进行水提,所述枸杞、栀子、生姜和水的质量比为1:(0.5~0.6):(0.5~0.6):(15~20),三种药材粉碎后溶于水进行超声提取,超声条件设定为:超声时间1h,超声温度50℃,超声功率100W;超声后将药食同源提取液包埋成微胶囊粉,所述提取液、麦芽糊精和变性淀粉的质量比为1:(0.01~0.02):(0.01~0.02),通过喷雾干燥进风温度180℃下制备成复合中药材微胶囊粉。
按上述的原料,采用本发明提供的制备方法,制备孕妇奶粉:
(1)称取原料:称取实施例1所述原料,备用;
(2)投料与混料:将上述预定比例的各奶粉原料(奶粉类原料70~80份,乳清蛋白粉10份,微胶囊粉1~2份,低聚糖1~5份,DHA粉末0.5~1份。)送到高速剪切罐中,复配维生素、矿物质等加水溶解均匀(水溶比例1:20),按复配维生素、矿物质顺序依次送入高速剪切罐中混合;
(3)均质浓缩:均质前先预热到60℃,均质压力为20Mpa,均质后经95℃灭菌4s,进行真空浓缩至混料乳体积的23%,奶中固形物质量分数在30%;
(4)喷雾干燥:在干燥塔内进行高压喷雾干燥,其进风温度设置为180℃,排风温度设置为70℃;
(5)干混:将奶粉迅速降低至室温,与权利要求4所述中药材微胶囊粉进行干混,混合均匀即得成品奶粉。
实施例2同上
一种药食同源降血压牛乳配方奶粉,基于每100g的奶粉,包括以下重量份原料:
脱脂牛乳70g,乳清蛋白粉10g,复合中药材微胶囊粉2g,低聚糖5g,DHA粉末1g,复合维生素0.5g,复合矿物质1g。
所述复合中药材微胶囊粉,原料组分按重量份计:枸杞50份、栀子25份、生姜25份、麦芽糊精1份、变性淀粉1份。
维生素A 2000μg、维生素D 30μg、维生素E 30mg、维生素B1 3500μg、维生素B22000μg、维生素B6 4000μg、维生素B12 2000μg、维生素C 500mg、镁400mg、铁30mg、锌20mg,其余为乳糖。
复合中药材微胶囊粉制备:对枸杞、栀子、生姜进行水提,所述枸杞、栀子、生姜和水的质量比为1:(0.5~0.6):(0.5~0.6):(15~20),三种药材粉碎后溶于水进行超声提取,超声条件设定为:超声时间1h,超声温度50℃,超声功率100W;超声后将药食同源提取液包埋成微胶囊粉,所述提取液、麦芽糊精和变性淀粉的质量比为1:(0.01~0.02):(0.01~0.02),通过喷雾干燥进风温度180℃下制备成复合中药材微胶囊粉。
按上述的原料,采用本发明提供的制备方法,制备孕妇奶粉:
(1)称取原料:称取实施例2所述原料,备用;
(2)投料与混料:将上述预定比例的各奶粉原料(奶粉类原料70~80份,乳清蛋白粉10份,微胶囊粉1~2份,低聚糖1~5份,DHA粉末0.5~1份。)送到高速剪切罐中,复配维生素、矿物质等加水溶解均匀(水溶比例1:20),按复配维生素、矿物质顺序依次送入高速剪切罐中混合;
(3)均质浓缩:均质前先预热到65℃,均质压力为22Mpa,均质后经100℃灭菌4s,进行真空浓缩至混料乳体积的27%,奶中固形物质量分数在40%;
(4)喷雾干燥:在干燥塔内进行高压喷雾干燥,其进风温度设置为200℃,排风温度设置为80℃;
(5)干混:将奶粉迅速降低至室温,与权利要求4所述中药材微胶囊粉进行干混,混合均匀即得成品奶粉。
实施例3同上
一种药食同源降血压牛乳配方奶粉,基于每100g的奶粉,包括以下重量份原料:
脱脂牛乳75g,乳清蛋白粉10g,复合中药材微胶囊粉1g,低聚糖5g,DHA粉末0.5g,复合维生素0.5g,复合矿物质1g。
进一步的,本发明中的降血压牛乳配方奶粉中还包括:复合中药材微胶囊粉,原料组分按重量份计:枸杞45份、栀子25份、生姜30份、麦芽糊精1份、变性淀粉1份。
复合维生素和复合矿物质为:维生素A 1500μg、维生素D 20μg、维生素E 25mg、维生素B1 3000μg、维生素B2 1500μg、维生素B6 3000μg、维生素B12 1500μg、维生素C 400mg、镁350mg、铁25mg、锌15mg,其余为乳糖。
复合中药材微胶囊粉制备:对枸杞、栀子、生姜进行水提,所述枸杞、栀子、生姜和水的质量比为1:(0.5~0.6):(0.5~0.6):(15~20),三种药材粉碎后溶于水进行超声提取,超声条件设定为:超声时间1h,超声温度50℃,超声功率100W;超声后将药食同源提取液包埋成微胶囊粉,所述提取液、麦芽糊精和变性淀粉的质量比为1:(0.01~0.02):(0.01~0.02),通过喷雾干燥进风温度180℃下制备成复合中药材微胶囊粉。
按上述的原料,采用本发明提供的制备方法,制备孕妇奶粉:
(1)称取原料:称取实施例3所述原料,备用;
(2)投料与混料:将上述预定比例的各奶粉原料(奶粉类原料70~80份,乳清蛋白粉10份,微胶囊粉1~2份,低聚糖1~5份,DHA粉末0.5~1份)送到高速剪切罐中,复配维生素、矿物质等加水溶解均匀(水溶比例1:20),按复配维生素、矿物质顺序依次送入高速剪切罐中混合;
(3)均质浓缩:均质前先预热到65℃,均质压力为22Mpa,均质后经100℃灭菌4s,进行真空浓缩至混料乳体积的27%,奶中固形物质量分数在40%;
(4)喷雾干燥:在干燥塔内进行高压喷雾干燥,其进风温度设置为200℃,排风温度设置为80℃;
(5)干混:将奶粉迅速降低至室温,与权利要求4所述中药材微胶囊粉进行干混,混合均匀即得成品奶粉。
实施例4同上
一种药食同源降血压牛乳配方奶粉,基于每100g的奶粉,包括以下重量份原料:
脱脂牛乳75g,乳清蛋白粉10g,复合中药材微胶囊粉2g,低聚糖1g,DHA粉末1g,复合维生素0.5g,复合矿物质0.5g。
所述复合中药材微胶囊粉,原料组分按重量份计:枸杞45份、栀子30份、生姜25份、麦芽糊精1份、变性淀粉1份。
维生素A 1500μg、维生素D 25μg、维生素E 25mg、维生素B1 3000μg、维生素B22000μg、维生素B6 3500μg、维生素B12 1500μg、维生素C 400mg、镁350mg、铁30mg、锌20mg,其余为乳糖。
复合中药材微胶囊粉制备:对枸杞、栀子、生姜进行水提,所述枸杞、栀子、生姜和水的质量比为1:(0.5~0.6):(0.5~0.6):(15~20),三种药材粉碎后溶于水进行超声提取,超声条件设定为:超声时间1h,超声温度50℃,超声功率100W;超声后将药食同源提取液包埋成微胶囊粉,所述提取液、麦芽糊精和变性淀粉的质量比为1:(0.01~0.02):(0.01~0.02),通过喷雾干燥进风温度180℃下制备成复合中药材微胶囊粉。
按上述的原料,采用本发明提供的制备方法,制备孕妇奶粉:
(1)称取原料:称取实施例1所述原料,备用;
(2)投料与混料:将上述预定比例的各奶粉原料(奶粉类原料70~80份,乳清蛋白粉10份,微胶囊粉1~2份,低聚糖1~5份,DHA粉末0.5~1份。)送到高速剪切罐中,复配维生素、矿物质等加水溶解均匀(水溶比例1:20),按复配维生素、矿物质顺序依次送入高速剪切罐中混合;
(3)均质浓缩:均质前先预热到60℃,均质压力为20Mpa,均质后经95℃灭菌4s,进行真空浓缩至混料乳体积的23%,奶中固形物质量分数在30%;
(4)喷雾干燥:在干燥塔内进行高压喷雾干燥,其进风温度设置为180℃,排风温度设置为70℃;
(5)干混:将奶粉迅速降低至室温,与权利要求4所述中药材微胶囊粉进行干混,混合均匀即得成品奶粉。
将本发明实施例1至实施例4制备得到的孕妇奶粉,通过功能学试验来系统评价其降血压效果,并以对比例1至对比例4制备得到的孕妇奶粉作为对照。
目前评价产品的降血压效果,主要是测产品的ACE抑制活性。ACE抑制活性检测主要是体外检测。体外检测简单快速、准确且重复性高。通过加入血管紧张素Ⅰ的模拟底物,在一定条件下与ACE作用,产生具有特异吸收特性的物质。检测加入样品前后这种物质吸收特性的差异,计算产品的ACE抑制率。实验利用ACE将FAPGG水解成FAP和GG,通过酶标仪测定FAPGG在340nm处的吸光值计算ACE的活性,进而根据加入孕妇配方奶粉产品前后ACE酶活的变化反映其抑制活性。
孕妇配方奶粉生产前,由于妊娠期孕妇的生理情况特殊,目前上述药食同源原料中经研究确认可供孕妇安全食用的材料为枸杞、栀子、生姜、玉竹、菊花。将上述5种药食同源原料提取液配置成40mg/mL的溶液,测出它们的ACE抑制率分别为59.63%、60.52%、58.86%、16.65%、11.98%,其中枸杞、栀子、生姜是五者中活性最高的三种物质。
孕妇配方奶粉生产前,将超声后的药食同源原料提取液配置成40mg/mL的溶液,测出实施例1至实施例4中药食同源原料的ACE抑制率分别为59.63%、60.52%、58.86%、62.81%,接近同等条件下对照例1至对照例4降血压药物卡托普利的ACE抑制率分别为68.45%、67.18%、69.32%、70.36%,可见初始原料即具有较高的降血压能力。
按照实施例1~4生产出的药食同源缓解高血压的牛乳配方奶粉,56g溶于250mL温水,即配置成约0.2g/mL的奶粉溶液,经检测其ACE抑制率为44.16%、45.54%、42.87%、47.63%,具有有效的降血压活性。
最后应说明的是:以上各实施例仅用以帮助理解本发明的技术方案及核心思想,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换,而这些修改或者替换也落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。
Claims (6)
1.一种药食同源降血压牛乳配方奶粉的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)脱脂牛乳80g,乳清蛋白粉10g,复合中药材微胶囊粉1g,低聚糖1g,DHA粉末0.5g,复合维生素0.1g,复合矿物质0.5g。
(2)复合中药材微胶囊粉,原料组分按重量份计:枸杞40份、栀子30份、生姜30份、麦芽糊精1份、变性淀粉1份。
(3)复合维生素和复合矿物质为:维生素A 1000μg、维生素D 15μg、维生素E 20mg、维生素B1 2500μg、维生素B2 1500μg、维生素B6 2500μg、维生素B12 1000μg、维生素C 300mg、镁300mg、铁20mg、锌15mg,其余为乳糖。
(4)复合中药材微胶囊粉制备:对枸杞、栀子、生姜进行水提,所述枸杞、栀子、生姜和水的质量比为1:(0.5~0.6):(0.5~0.6):(15~20),三种药材粉碎后溶于水进行超声提取,超声条件设定为:超声时间1h,超声温度50℃,超声功率100W;超声后将药食同源提取液包埋成微胶囊粉,所述提取液、麦芽糊精和变性淀粉的质量比为1:(0.01~0.02):(0.01~0.02),通过喷雾干燥进风温度180℃下制备成复合中药材微胶囊粉。
(5)按上述的原料,采用本发明提供的制备方法,制备孕妇奶粉:
(1)称取原料:称取实施例1所述原料,备用;
(2)投料与混料:将上述预定比例的各奶粉原料(奶粉类原料70~80份,乳清蛋白粉10份,微胶囊粉1~2份,低聚糖1~5份,DHA粉末0.5~1份。)送到高速剪切罐中,复配维生素、矿物质等加水溶解均匀(水溶比例1:20),按复配维生素、矿物质顺序依次送入高速剪切罐中混合;
(3)均质浓缩:均质前先预热到60℃,均质压力为20Mpa,均质后经95℃灭菌4s,进行真空浓缩至混料乳体积的23%,奶中固形物质量分数在30%;
(4)喷雾干燥:在干燥塔内进行高压喷雾干燥,其进风温度设置为180℃,排风温度设置为70℃;
(5)干混:将奶粉迅速降低至室温,与权利要求4所述中药材微胶囊粉进行干混,混合均匀即得成品奶粉。
2.将本发明实施例1至实施例4制备得到的孕妇奶粉,通过功能学试验来系统评价其降血压效果,并以对比例1至对比例4制备得到的孕妇奶粉作为对照。
3.目前评价产品的降血压效果,主要是测产品的ACE抑制活性。ACE抑制活性检测主要是体外检测。体外检测简单快速、准确且重复性高。通过加入血管紧张素Ⅰ的模拟底物,在一定条件下与ACE作用,产生具有特异吸收特性的物质。检测加入样品前后这种物质吸收特性的差异,计算产品的ACE抑制率。实验利用ACE将FAPGG水解成FAP和GG,通过酶标仪测定FAPGG在340nm处的吸光值计算ACE的活性,进而根据加入孕妇配方奶粉产品前后ACE酶活的变化反映其抑制活性。
4.孕妇配方奶粉生产前,由于妊娠期孕妇的生理情况特殊,目前上述药食同源原料中经研究确认可供孕妇安全食用的材料为枸杞、栀子、生姜、玉竹、菊花。将上述5种药食同源原料提取液配置成40mg/mL的溶液,测出它们的ACE抑制率分别为59.63%、60.52%、58.86%、16.65%、11.98%,其中枸杞、栀子、生姜是五者中活性最高的三种物质。
5.孕妇配方奶粉生产前,将超声后的药食同源原料提取液配置成40mg/mL的溶液,测出实施例1至实施例4中药食同源原料的ACE抑制率分别为59.63%、60.52%、58.86%、62.81%,接近同等条件下对照例1至对照例4降血压药物卡托普利的ACE抑制率分别为68.45%、67.18%、69.32%、70.36%,可见初始原料即具有较高的降血压能力。
6.按照实施例1~4生产出的药食同源缓解高血压的牛乳配方奶粉,56g溶于250mL温水,即配置成约0.2g/mL的奶粉溶液,经检测其ACE抑制率为44.16%、45.54%、42.87%、47.63%,具有有效的降血压活性。
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