CN114702319A - 一种用于氧化铝纤维膜的超重力气纺方法及应用 - Google Patents

一种用于氧化铝纤维膜的超重力气纺方法及应用 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN114702319A
CN114702319A CN202210352048.3A CN202210352048A CN114702319A CN 114702319 A CN114702319 A CN 114702319A CN 202210352048 A CN202210352048 A CN 202210352048A CN 114702319 A CN114702319 A CN 114702319A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
alumina
fiber membrane
spinning
oxide
temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202210352048.3A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
朱才镇
唐寅
刘会超
邝兴文
田雷
徐坚
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shenzhen University
Original Assignee
Shenzhen University
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shenzhen University filed Critical Shenzhen University
Priority to CN202210352048.3A priority Critical patent/CN114702319A/zh
Publication of CN114702319A publication Critical patent/CN114702319A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/62227Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products obtaining fibres
    • C04B35/62231Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products obtaining fibres based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/62236Fibres based on aluminium oxide
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D39/00Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/20Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
    • B01D39/2068Other inorganic materials, e.g. ceramics
    • B01D39/2082Other inorganic materials, e.g. ceramics the material being filamentary or fibrous
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F1/00General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
    • D01F1/02Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
    • D01F1/10Other agents for modifying properties
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F9/00Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments
    • D01F9/08Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments of inorganic material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3205Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
    • C04B2235/3206Magnesium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3205Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
    • C04B2235/3208Calcium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. lime
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3224Rare earth oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. scandium oxide
    • C04B2235/3225Yttrium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3224Rare earth oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. scandium oxide
    • C04B2235/3227Lanthanum oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3231Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • C04B2235/3232Titanium oxides or titanates, e.g. rutile or anatase
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3262Manganese oxides, manganates, rhenium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. MnO
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/327Iron group oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • C04B2235/3279Nickel oxides, nickalates, or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3284Zinc oxides, zincates, cadmium oxides, cadmiates, mercury oxides, mercurates or oxide forming salts thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/34Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3409Boron oxide, borates, boric acids, or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. borax
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/34Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3418Silicon oxide, silicic acids, or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. silica sol, fused silica, silica fume, cristobalite, quartz or flint
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/65Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
    • C04B2235/656Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
    • C04B2235/6562Heating rate
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/65Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
    • C04B2235/656Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
    • C04B2235/6567Treatment time

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Fibers (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种用于氧化铝纤维膜的超重力气纺方法及应用,通过结合离心纺丝法和气纺法技术,利用离心力和气吹双重驱动力模拟超重力的状态,再通过在两种纺丝方式的自由切换与结合,可以制得尺寸跨度从微米级到纳米级的氧化铝纤维,以及结构均匀的氧化铝纤维膜。制备的陶瓷纤维膜其纤维直径在30~40000 nm范围内可以调整,长径比≥100000,1400℃灼烧30分钟无表观灼烧痕迹。作为隔热材料使用时,热导率≤0.02 W/m·K;作为过滤膜材料,在5 cm/s的风速下,PM2.5过滤率≥99.9%。

Description

一种用于氧化铝纤维膜的超重力气纺方法及应用
技术领域
本发明属于纤维制备技术领域,尤其是涉及一种用于氧化铝纤维膜的超重力气纺方法及应用。
背景技术
氧化铝纤维是一种高性能的无机陶瓷纤维,与普通玻璃纤维或碳化硅等无机陶瓷纤维相比,氧化铝纤维具有极好的耐高温氧化性、耐热性和超高强度等特点,其成品的融化温度最高可达2000℃,并且可以在1000℃以上的温度下长时间使用,抗拉强度最高可达2800MPa,模量达到370GPa。可以应用在高温极端工作环境和航天航空领域。
无机陶瓷纤维的制备方法主要包括浸渍法、静电纺丝法、熔融法、溶胶-凝胶法、甩丝法等。其中,溶胶-凝胶法由于反应条件温和、制备成本低、所得制品纯度高等特点,应用更为广泛。利用溶胶-凝胶法制备氧化铝纤维主要包括三个步骤:纺丝前驱体的制备、凝胶纤维的制备和热处理。当纺丝前驱体形成后,即可运用不同的纺丝方式获得凝胶纤维,这些方法主要由干法纺丝、气纺法和离心纺丝法等。干法纺丝是通过储液罐的气体压力和计量泵产生的压力,将纺丝前驱体挤出喷丝板,并在加热甬道中干燥成凝胶纤维。它能够制备连续长纤维,纤维直径均匀,通常只能制得微米级纤维。离心纺丝法是利用高速旋转产生的离心力将溶胶从小孔或狭缝甩出,再在高温氛围中固化成凝胶纤维的一种方法。它具有设备简单、纺丝条件易控制、纤维直径较小等特点。气纺法是以高速气流作为驱动力,溶胶经喷丝孔挤出后在高速气流的驱动下形成射流,收集于接收装置上。它具有生产效率高、纤维直径较小等特点。后两种方法通常用于制备陶瓷纤维膜,虽然能够制得纤维直径较小的氧化铝纤维,但是其尺寸只能达到微米级到亚微米级,相对于纳米纤维其尺寸还是偏大,不适宜用于高端产品的过滤材料和催化剂等载体材料上。
发明内容
本发明第一个目的在于,针对现有技术中存在的不足,提供一种用于氧化铝纤维膜的超重力气纺方法。
为此,本发明的上述目的通过如下技术方案实现:
一种用于氧化铝纤维膜的超重力气纺方法,包括如下步骤:
S1、纺丝前驱体的制备
将氧化铝溶胶与至少一种不同于氧化铝溶胶的其他金属氧化物溶胶混合,并使得两种或多种溶胶混合均匀;加入一定量的纺丝助剂,再次混合均匀;在一定温度下陈化直至粘度为1~3000Pa·s,得到合适的纺丝前驱体;
S2、超重力强化气纺凝胶纤维的制备
将步骤S1制备得到的纺丝前驱体加入超重力强化气纺设备中,在离心力或/和气流的驱动力下,实现前驱体射流的单一/双重牵伸,并在热空气下固化成凝胶纤维;
(3)凝胶纤维膜的热处理
将步骤S2制得凝胶纤维膜进行除水、除聚合物和陶瓷化,最后降温得到氧化铝陶瓷纤维。
在采用上述技术方案的同时,本发明还可以采用或者组合采用如下技术方案:
作为本发明的优选技术方案:步骤S1中,氧化铝溶胶与其他金属氧化物溶胶的质量比为0.99:0.01~0.50:0.50。
作为本发明的优选技术方案:步骤S1中,其他金属氧化物溶胶为:氧化镁、氧化钙、氧化镧、氧化钇、氧化硅、氧化锌、氧化钛、氧化锰、氧化镍或氧化硼中的任意一种或多种。
作为本发明的优选技术方案:步骤S1中,纺丝助剂为聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚环氧乙烷、聚氧化乙烯、聚乙烯醇中的任意一种。
作为本发明的优选技术方案:步骤S1中,陈化温度为50~100℃。
作为本发明的优选技术方案:步骤S1中,陈化时间为1~40小时。
作为本发明的优选技术方案:步骤S2中,超重力强化气纺过程控制为:
喷丝板温度为20~60℃,转盘转速为200~12000r/min,气体压力为1~30MPa,气流温度为20~150℃,气流流速为3~600m/min,纺丝环境氛围相对湿度为10%~60%。
作为本发明的优选技术方案:步骤S3中,热处理过程控制为:
以0.1~3℃/min的升温速率从室温升温到500~800℃,在此温度保温1~3小时;再以2~20℃/min的升温速率升温至1200~1600℃,在此温度下保温0.5~5小时,然后降温至室温,得到氧化铝陶瓷纤维。
本发明第二个目的在于,针对现有技术中存在的不足,提供利用前文所述的用于氧化铝纤维膜的超重力气纺方法所制备得到的氧化铝纤维膜作为隔热材料的应用。
本发明还有一个目的在于,针对现有技术中存在的不足,提供利用前文所述的用于氧化铝纤维膜的超重力气纺方法所制备得到的氧化铝纤维膜作为过滤材料的应用。
本发明提供一种用于氧化铝纤维膜的超重力气纺方法及应用,通过结合离心纺丝法和气纺法技术,利用离心力和气吹双重驱动力模拟超重力的状态,再通过在两种纺丝方式的自由切换与结合,可以制得尺寸跨度从微米级到纳米级的氧化铝纤维,以及结构均匀的氧化铝纤维膜。制备的陶瓷纤维膜其纤维直径在30~40000nm范围内可以调整,长径比≥100000,1400℃灼烧30分钟无表观灼烧痕迹。作为隔热材料使用时,热导率≤0.02W/m·K;作为过滤膜材料,在5cm/s的风速下,PM2.5过滤率≥99.9%。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制备的氧化铝陶瓷纤维的扫描电子显微镜图。
图2为实施例1制备氧化铝陶瓷纤维膜在1400℃灼烧30分钟前的照片。
图3为实施例1制备氧化铝陶瓷纤维膜在1400℃灼烧30分钟后的照片。
具体实施方式
参照附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细地描述。
实施例1
将1.2千克氧化铝溶胶溶液中加入0.2千克二氧化硅溶胶溶液,在70摄氏度循环油浴中搅拌均匀。加入500克聚乙烯醇,搅拌均匀后在60摄氏度下浓缩30小时,得到黏度为500Pa·s的纺丝前驱体。
将纺丝前驱体加入到超重力强化气纺设备进行纺丝,其工艺参数为:喷丝板温度为40℃,转盘转速为3000r/min,气体压力为5MPa,气流温度为110℃,气流流速为10m/min,纺丝环境氛围相对湿度为40%。所得凝胶纤维在以3℃/min的升温速率从室温升温到600℃,在此温度保温1小时;再以10℃/min的升温速率升温至1300℃,在此温度下保温1小时,然后降温至室温,得到氧化铝陶瓷纤维。
图1为实施例1制备的氧化铝陶瓷纤维的扫描电子显微镜图,该氧化铝陶瓷纤维表面光滑平整,纤维尺寸均匀,平均直径为550nm,长径比达到300000。实施例1氧化铝陶瓷纤维膜可以用作高温隔热材料,其热导率为0.01W/m·K。
图2、图3分别为实施例1制备氧化铝陶瓷纤维膜在1400℃灼烧30分钟前后的照片,从照片中可以看到氧化铝陶瓷纤维膜经高温灼烧后无明显灼烧痕迹。
实施例2
将1.2千克氧化铝溶胶溶液中加入0.2千克二氧化硅溶胶溶液,在70摄氏度循环油浴中搅拌均匀。加入400克聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,搅拌均匀后在60摄氏度下浓缩30小时,得到黏度为600Pa·s的纺丝前驱体。
将纺丝前驱体加入到超重力强化气纺设备进行纺丝,其工艺参数为:喷丝板温度为40℃,转盘转速为5000r/min,气体压力为10MPa,气流温度为110℃,气流流速为50m/min,纺丝环境氛围相对湿度为40%。所得凝胶纤维在以3℃/min的升温速率从室温升温到600℃,在此温度保温1小时;再以10℃/min的升温速率升温至1300℃,在此温度下保温1小时,然后降温至室温,得到氧化铝陶瓷纤维。
实施例2得到的氧化铝陶瓷纤维表面纤维尺寸均匀,平均直径为360nm,长径比达到600000。实施例2制得氧化铝陶瓷纤维膜可以用作高温过滤材料,当测试风速为5cm/s时,其PM2.5过滤率为99.95%。
实施例3-9
实施例3-9在实施例1的基础上仅改变转盘转速、气流压力、气流速度、气流温度、环境氛围相对湿度,其他步骤或者参数同实施例1,具体如下表1所示:
表1工艺与纤维尺寸的关系
Figure BDA0003581019660000051
对照实施例1
将1.1千克氧化铝溶胶溶液中加入0.2千克二氧化硅溶胶溶液,在70摄氏度循环油浴中搅拌均匀。加入500克聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,搅拌均匀后在60摄氏度下浓缩30小时,得到黏度为800Pa·s的纺丝前驱体。
将纺丝前驱体加入到超重力强化气纺设备进行纺丝,其工艺参数为:喷丝板温度为40℃,转盘转速为0r/min,气体压力为10MPa,气流温度为100℃,气流流速为10m/min,纺丝环境氛围相对湿度为60%。所得凝胶纤维在以3℃/min的升温速率从室温升温到600℃,在此温度保温1小时;再以10℃/min的升温速率升温至1300℃,在此温度下保温1小时,然后降温至室温,得到氧化铝陶瓷纤维。
对照实施例1得到的氧化铝陶瓷纤维表面纤维尺寸均匀,平均直径为1500nm,长径比达到500。
对照实施例2
将1.2千克氧化铝溶胶溶液中加入0.3千克二氧化硅溶胶溶液,在70摄氏度循环油浴中搅拌均匀。加入500克聚氧化乙烯,搅拌均匀后在60摄氏度下浓缩30小时,得到黏度为550Pa·s的纺丝前驱体。
将纺丝前驱体加入到超重力强化气纺设备进行纺丝,其工艺参数为:喷丝板温度为40℃,转盘转速为3000r/min,不使用气吹,纺丝环境氛围相对湿度为60%。所得凝胶纤维在以3℃/min的升温速率从室温升温到600℃,在此温度保温1小时;再以10℃/min的升温速率升温至1300℃,在此温度下保温1小时,然后降温至室温,得到氧化铝陶瓷纤维。
对照实施例2得到的氧化铝陶瓷纤维表面纤维尺寸均匀,平均直径为2300nm,长径比达到1000。
比较实施例1和实施例2,表明本发明通过改变纺丝工艺参数可以获得纳米级、高长径比氧化铝纤维,并且该纤维膜的热导率低、过滤效率高。比较实施例1、对照实施例1和对照实施例2,可以看出本发明可以通过自由切换与结合离心力和气吹双重驱动力两种纺丝方式,制得尺寸跨度从微米级到纳米级的氧化铝纤维。
上述具体实施方式用来解释说明本发明,仅为本发明的优选实施例,而不是对本发明进行限制,在本发明的精神和权利要求的保护范围内,对本发明做出的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,都落入本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于氧化铝纤维膜的超重力气纺方法,其特征在于:所述超重力气纺方法包括如下步骤:
S1、纺丝前驱体的制备
将氧化铝溶胶与至少一种不同于氧化铝溶胶的其他金属氧化物溶胶混合,并使得两种或多种溶胶混合均匀;加入一定量的纺丝助剂,再次混合均匀;在一定温度下陈化直至粘度为1~3000 Pa·s,得到合适的纺丝前驱体;
S2、超重力强化气纺凝胶纤维的制备
将步骤S1制备得到的纺丝前驱体加入超重力强化气纺设备中,在离心力或/和气流的驱动力下,实现前驱体射流的单一/双重牵伸,并在热空气下固化成凝胶纤维;
(3)凝胶纤维膜的热处理
将步骤S2制得凝胶纤维膜进行除水、除聚合物和陶瓷化,最后降温得到氧化铝陶瓷纤维。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于氧化铝纤维膜的超重力气纺方法,其特征在于:步骤S1中,氧化铝溶胶与其他金属氧化物溶胶的质量比为0.99:0.01~0.50:0.50。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于氧化铝纤维膜的超重力气纺方法,其特征在于:步骤S1中,其他金属氧化物溶胶为:氧化镁、氧化钙、氧化镧、氧化钇、氧化硅、氧化锌、氧化钛、氧化锰、氧化镍或氧化硼中的任意一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用于氧化铝纤维膜的超重力气纺方法,其特征在于:步骤S1中,纺丝助剂为聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚环氧乙烷、聚氧化乙烯、聚乙烯醇中的任意一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的用于氧化铝纤维膜的超重力气纺方法,其特征在于:步骤S1中,陈化温度为50~100℃。
6.根据权利要求1所述的用于氧化铝纤维膜的超重力气纺方法,其特征在于:步骤S1中,陈化时间为1~40小时。
7.根据权利要求1所述的用于氧化铝纤维膜的超重力气纺方法,其特征在于:步骤S2中,超重力强化气纺过程控制为:
喷丝板温度为20~60℃,转盘转速为200~12000 r/min,气体压力为1~30 MPa,气流温度为20~150℃,气流流速为3~600 m/min,纺丝环境氛围相对湿度为10%~60%。
8.根据权利要求1所述的用于氧化铝纤维膜的超重力气纺方法,其特征在于:步骤S3中,热处理过程控制为:
以0.1~3℃/min的升温速率从室温升温到500~800℃,在此温度保温1~3小时;再以2~20℃/min的升温速率升温至1200~1600℃,在此温度下保温0.5~5小时,然后降温至室温,得到氧化铝陶瓷纤维。
9.根据权利要求1-8中任意一项所述的用于氧化铝纤维膜的超重力气纺方法所制备得到的氧化铝纤维膜作为隔热材料的应用。
10.根据权利要求1-8中任意一项所述的用于氧化铝纤维膜的超重力气纺方法所制备得到的氧化铝纤维膜作为过滤材料的应用。
CN202210352048.3A 2022-04-02 2022-04-02 一种用于氧化铝纤维膜的超重力气纺方法及应用 Pending CN114702319A (zh)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202210352048.3A CN114702319A (zh) 2022-04-02 2022-04-02 一种用于氧化铝纤维膜的超重力气纺方法及应用

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202210352048.3A CN114702319A (zh) 2022-04-02 2022-04-02 一种用于氧化铝纤维膜的超重力气纺方法及应用

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN114702319A true CN114702319A (zh) 2022-07-05

Family

ID=82172045

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202210352048.3A Pending CN114702319A (zh) 2022-04-02 2022-04-02 一种用于氧化铝纤维膜的超重力气纺方法及应用

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN114702319A (zh)

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006342486A (ja) * 1998-07-07 2006-12-21 Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp アルミナ繊維シート
CN101381225A (zh) * 2008-10-10 2009-03-11 厦门大学 一种连续氧化铝基陶瓷纤维的制备方法
CN102965764A (zh) * 2012-11-13 2013-03-13 山东大学 一种氧化铝陶瓷连续纤维的制备方法
CN104005115A (zh) * 2014-06-17 2014-08-27 山东大学 一种氧化铝陶瓷纤维的制备方法
CN104086200A (zh) * 2014-07-22 2014-10-08 南京理工大学 一种莫来石纤维的制备方法
CN105350095A (zh) * 2015-11-13 2016-02-24 广东工业大学 一种气流辅助离心纺丝装置

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2006342486A (ja) * 1998-07-07 2006-12-21 Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp アルミナ繊維シート
CN101381225A (zh) * 2008-10-10 2009-03-11 厦门大学 一种连续氧化铝基陶瓷纤维的制备方法
CN102965764A (zh) * 2012-11-13 2013-03-13 山东大学 一种氧化铝陶瓷连续纤维的制备方法
CN104005115A (zh) * 2014-06-17 2014-08-27 山东大学 一种氧化铝陶瓷纤维的制备方法
CN104086200A (zh) * 2014-07-22 2014-10-08 南京理工大学 一种莫来石纤维的制备方法
CN105350095A (zh) * 2015-11-13 2016-02-24 广东工业大学 一种气流辅助离心纺丝装置

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US11572314B2 (en) Preparation method for yttrium aluminum garnet continuous fiber
US20120171488A1 (en) Sheets including fibrous aerogel and method for producing the same
CN101172856B (zh) 一种氧化锆纤维的制备方法和所制备的氧化锆纤维
CN113663611B (zh) 一种耐高温复合纳米纤维气凝胶材料及其制备方法
CN113831581B (zh) 一种高弹性抗辐射纳米纤维气凝胶材料及其制备方法
Chen et al. Electrospun mullite fibers from the sol–gel precursor
CN103614808B (zh) 带有绒毛状晶须的莫来石纤维及制备方法
CN113668139A (zh) 一种柔性耐高温SiO2陶瓷纳米纤维膜的制备方法
CN108570725A (zh) 一种氧化铝连续纤维的熔融纺丝原料、其制备方法及制得的氧化铝连续纤维
CN111995393B (zh) 一种钛-铝聚合物前驱体制备钛酸铝陶瓷纤维的方法
CN115124363B (zh) 一种耐高温超轻质陶瓷纤维多孔弹性体材料及其制备方法和应用
CN113648940B (zh) 一种超轻质高弹性抗辐射纳米纤维气凝胶材料及其制备方法
CN113308764A (zh) 一种硅基陶瓷微纳米纤维隔热毛毡及其制备方法
CN110499550A (zh) 聚丙烯腈基预氧丝及碳纤维的离心纺制备方法
CN115557790B (zh) 一种弹性SiC陶瓷海绵材料及其制备方法、应用
CN114702319A (zh) 一种用于氧化铝纤维膜的超重力气纺方法及应用
CN109750388B (zh) 一种缺陷型萤石相锆酸钆纤维的制备方法
Chen et al. Preparation and properties of silicon oxycarbide fibers
CN110117841B (zh) 一种电纺双相前驱体制备莫来石纳米纤维的方法
CN111333410B (zh) 可纺性铝溶胶、其制备方法及氧化铝连续纤维
CN110528120B (zh) 碳化锆纳米纤维及其制备方法
CN110983487B (zh) 一种超长氮化硅/二氧化硅核壳结构纳米纤维及其制备方法
CN111533563A (zh) Poss功能化的氧化铝陶瓷纤维及其溶胶-凝胶纺丝制备方法
CN102351516B (zh) 用SiO2纳米粉原料制备氧化铝基连续纤维的方法
CN109898179A (zh) 一种碳化钛纤维材料的制备方法

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
RJ01 Rejection of invention patent application after publication

Application publication date: 20220705

RJ01 Rejection of invention patent application after publication