CN114698737A - Preparation method of low-protein daily ration for high-yield dairy cows - Google Patents
Preparation method of low-protein daily ration for high-yield dairy cows Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a low-protein daily ration for high-yielding cows, which comprises the following steps: determining the nutritional ingredient index standard of the low-protein daily ration of the high-yield dairy cow by adopting a CNCPS method; selecting raw materials and measuring the nutritional ingredient indexes of the raw materials, wherein the nutritional ingredient indexes are detected by adopting the near infrared analysis and chemical analysis after mixing high-quality alfalfa, whole-plant corn silage, corn and the like; adopting a full-mixed daily ration mixer, adding hay, silage, prepared concentrated feed and water to control the water content; and (3) stirring the prepared total mixed ration, and sampling to determine that the nutrition level of the total mixed ration reaches the index standard. The low-protein daily ration for the high-yield dairy cows developed by the method is beneficial to optimizing the feed formula, reducing the production cost and achieving the aims of reducing the breeding cost and environmental pollution, and meanwhile, the emission of nitrogen in the dairy cow breeding can be reduced, the utilization rate of nitrogen in the daily ration is improved and the economic benefit is improved under the condition that the production performance of the dairy cows is not influenced.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the technical field of livestock and poultry feed preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a low-protein daily ration for high-yield cows.
Background art:
the protein is very important for maintaining the growth and development of livestock and poultry, improving the reproductive performance and the production performance of dairy cows and the like. The problems of serious environmental pollution, high breeding cost, low benefit and the like caused by the fact that a large amount of unabsorbed nitrogen is discharged out of the body along with excrement and urine to generate nitrogen substances such as ammonia gas, nitrous oxide, nitrate and the like are solved urgently aiming at the problems that the nutrition requirement of high-yield cows in a large-scale dairy farm is high, particularly the protein level is high, the absorption utilization rate of the nitrogen is low, and the large amount of unabsorbed nitrogen is discharged out of the body along with the excrement and urine at present. Therefore, the applicant provides a preparation method for improving the utilization rate of nitrogen in the daily ration of the high-yield dairy cow on the basis of the existing daily ration feed processing of the high-yield dairy cow, so as to reduce nitrogen emission in dairy cow feeding and reduce breeding cost.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to develop a low-protein daily ration for high-yield dairy cows and a preparation method thereof under the condition of not influencing the milk yield and milk quality in the breeding process of the high-yield dairy cows.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a low-protein daily ration of a high-yield cow comprises the following steps:
s1: determining the nutritional standard: determining nutritional component index standard of low-protein daily ration of high-yield cow by using a kannel carbohydrate-protein system (CNCPS method), wherein the determined index comprises nutritional component indexes such as net lactation energy (NEL), Crude Protein (CP), crude fat (EE), Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF), Starch (Starch), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P);
s2: selecting raw materials and measuring the nutritional ingredient indexes of the raw materials: weighing raw materials including high-quality alfalfa, whole corn silage, corn, pressed corn, soybean meal, rumen-bypass soybean meal, whole cotton seeds, puffed soybean, compound enzyme, rumen-bypass lysine, methionine, baking soda and molasses according to parts by weight, mixing the raw materials, and detecting index values of the nutritional ingredients through near infrared analysis and chemical analysis, such as dry matter, lactation net energy, crude protein, acidic detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, effective neutral detergent fiber, crude ash, fat, calcium, phosphorus and the like;
s3: preparing a total mixed daily ration nutrition level: selecting the feed raw materials by virtue of CPM software, determining the appropriate addition amount or proportion of each feed raw material, calculating the dry matter feed intake, the fine and coarse proportion, the daily ration cost and the like of the total mixed daily ration of the high-yield dairy cows, optimizing the daily ration formula, meeting the nutritional standard determined in the step S1 and meeting the nutritional requirements of the dairy cows at the lowest cost;
s4: preparing a total mixed daily ration: adopting a full-mixed daily ration mixer, and sequentially adding high-quality alfalfa hay, whole corn silage, the concentrated feed, water and the like to control the water content to be 45-55 percent, namely, the water cannot be discharged when the hand is held and the hand is loosened;
s5: and (3) verifying the nutritional level of the low-protein total mixed ration: and (3) according to the physiological characteristics and the production level of the high-yield dairy cows and according to the accurate nutritional standard and demand, stirring the prepared total mixed ration for 20-30min by a total mixed ration stirring truck, sampling and measuring the nutritional level of the total mixed ration to reach the index standard, thus obtaining the low-protein Total Mixed Ration (TMR).
The formula of the prepared low-protein daily ration for the high-yield dairy cows comprises 2-5 kg of high-quality alfalfa, 20-25 kg of whole corn silage, 2-5 kg of corn flour, 3-6 kg of tabletting corn, 2-5 kg of soybean meal, 0.5-1 kg of rumen-bypass soybean meal, 2-5 kg of whole cotton seeds, 0.2-0.5 kg of puffed soybeans, 0.2-0.5 kg of corn protein powder, 0.05-0.25 kg of complex enzyme, 0.05-0.25 kg of baking soda, 0.05-0.20 kg of rumen-bypass fatty acid calcium, 0.05-0.20 kg of potassium bicarbonate, 0.05-0.15 kg of rumen-bypass lysine, 0.01-0.05 kg of methionine, 0.5-2 kg of molasses, 0.5-2 kg of high-yield cow premix and 0.05-0.15 kg of mildew remover in every 50kg of daily ration by weight.
The determined nutritional ingredient indexes are as follows: net lactation energy (NEL)1.74Mcal/kg, Crude Protein (CP) 16.5%, crude fat (EE) 3%, Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) 33.15%, Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) 19.53%, Starch (Starch) 28.27%, calcium (Ca) 0.47%, phosphorus (P) 0.53%.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the low-protein daily ration for the high-yield dairy cows, which is developed by the preparation method, can reduce soybean meal by about 23kg/t per 1% of crude protein of the daily ration, and supplement the reduced protein by adding rumen-bypass amino acid or energy feed with low price, so that the feed formula is favorably optimized, the production cost is reduced, and the aims of reducing the breeding cost and the environmental pollution are fulfilled.
(2) The low-protein daily ration for the high-yield dairy cows, prepared by the method, has the advantages that the rumen-bypass lysine and rumen-bypass methionine are supplemented, the amino acid balance and the energy balance are ensured, the production performance of the dairy cows is not influenced, the emission of nitrogen in the dairy cow breeding can be reduced, the utilization rate of the nitrogen in the daily ration is improved, and the economic benefit is improved under the condition that the milk yield and the milk quality are not influenced in the breeding process of the high-yield dairy cows.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
A preparation method of a low-protein daily ration of a high-yield dairy cow comprises the following steps:
s1: determining the nutritional standard: the CNCPS method is adopted to determine the nutritional ingredient index standard of the low-protein daily ration of the high-yield dairy cow, and the determined nutritional level index is as follows: lactation net energy is 1.74Mcal/kg, CP 16.5%, EE 3%, NDF 33.15%, ADF 19.53%, Starch 28.27%, Ca 0.47%, P0.53%.
S2: selecting raw materials and measuring the nutritional ingredient indexes of the raw materials: weighing the raw materials according to parts by weight, wherein 3kg of high-quality alfalfa, 23kg of whole corn silage, 3kg of corn flour, 5kg of pressed corn, 3.5kg of soybean meal, 0.7kg of rumen bypass soybean meal, 3.0kg of all-cotton seeds, 0.5kg of expanded soybean, 0.3kg of corn protein powder, 0.1kg of complex enzyme, 0.14kg of baking soda, 0.1kg of rumen bypass fatty acid calcium, 0.1kg of potassium bicarbonate, 0.05kg of rumen bypass lysine, 0.02kg of methionine, 1kg of molasses and 1kg of high-yield cattle premix, and the mold remover is added according to the instruction; after mixing the raw materials, detecting the index values of the nutrient components through near infrared analysis and chemical analysis.
S3: preparing a total mixed daily ration nutrition level: selecting the feed raw materials by virtue of CPM software, determining the appropriate addition amount or proportion of each feed raw material, calculating the dry matter feed intake, the fine and coarse proportion, the daily ration cost and the like of the total mixed daily ration of the high-yield dairy cows, optimizing the daily ration formula, meeting the nutritional standard in the step S1 and meeting the nutritional requirement of the dairy cows at the lowest cost;
s4: preparing a total mixed daily ration: adopting a full-mixed daily ration mixer, and sequentially adding high-quality alfalfa hay, whole corn silage, the concentrated feed, water and the like to control the water content to be 50 percent, namely, the water cannot be discharged when the hand is held and the hand is loosened;
s5: and (3) verifying the nutritional level of the low-protein total mixed ration: and (3) stirring the prepared total mixed ration for 25min by a total mixed ration stirring truck according to the physiological characteristics and the production level of the high-yield dairy cow and the accurate nutritional standard and demand, and sampling to determine that the nutritional level of the total mixed ration reaches the index standard to obtain the low-protein Total Mixed Ration (TMR).
Example 2
A preparation method of a low-protein daily ration of a high-yield cow comprises the following steps:
s1: determining the nutritional standard: the CNCPS method is adopted to determine the nutritional ingredient index standard of the low-protein daily ration of the high-yield dairy cow, and the determined nutritional level index is as follows: lactation net energy is 1.74Mcal/kg, CP 16.5%, EE 3%, NDF 33.15%, ADF 19.53%, Starch 28.27%, Ca 0.47%, P0.53%.
S2: selecting raw materials and measuring the nutritional ingredient indexes of the raw materials: weighing the raw materials according to parts by weight, wherein 4.5kg of high-quality alfalfa, 22.5kg of whole corn silage, 2.5kg of corn flour, 4.5kg of tabletting corn, 4kg of bean pulp, 0.5kg of rumen bypass bean pulp, 2.5kg of cotton seeds, 0.3kg of expanded soybean, 0.4kg of corn protein powder, 0.15kg of complex enzyme, 0.15kg of baking soda, 0.08kg of rumen bypass fatty acid calcium, 0.12kg of potassium bicarbonate, 0.12kg of rumen bypass lysine, 0.04kg of methionine, 1.5kg of molasses, 1.5kg of high-yield cattle premix and 0.05kg of mold remover; after being mixed, the raw materials are subjected to near infrared analysis and chemical analysis to detect the index values of the nutrient components.
S3: preparing a total mixed daily ration nutrition level: selecting the feed raw materials by virtue of CPM software, determining the appropriate addition amount or proportion of each feed raw material, calculating the dry matter feed intake, the fine and coarse proportion, the daily ration cost and the like of the total mixed daily ration of the high-yield dairy cows, optimizing the daily ration formula, meeting the nutritional standard in the step S1 and meeting the nutritional requirement of the dairy cows at the lowest cost;
s4: preparing a total mixed daily ration: adopting a full-mixed daily ration mixer, and sequentially adding high-quality alfalfa hay, whole corn silage, the concentrated feed, water and the like to control the water content to be 46 percent, namely, the water cannot be discharged when the hand is held and the hand is loosened;
s5: and (3) verifying the nutritional level of the low-protein total mixed ration: and (3) according to the physiological characteristics and the production level of the high-yield dairy cows and according to the accurate nutritional standard and demand, stirring the prepared total mixed ration for 28min by using a total mixed ration stirring truck, sampling and measuring the nutritional level of the total mixed ration to reach the index standard, thus obtaining the low-protein total mixed ration.
Example 3
A preparation method of a low-protein daily ration of a high-yield cow comprises the following steps:
s1: determining the nutritional standard: the CNCPS method is adopted to determine the nutritional ingredient index standard of the low-protein daily ration of the high-yield dairy cow, and the determined nutritional level index is as follows: lactation net energy is 1.74Mcal/kg, CP 16.5%, EE 3%, NDF 33.15%, ADF 19.53%, Starch 28.27%, Ca 0.47%, P0.53%.
S2: selecting raw materials and measuring the nutritional ingredient indexes of the raw materials: weighing the raw materials according to parts by weight, wherein 4kg of high-quality alfalfa, 21.5kg of whole corn silage, 3kg of corn flour, 5.5kg of pressed corn, 2.5kg of soybean meal, 0.6kg of rumen bypass soybean meal, 3kg of all cotton seeds, 0.5kg of expanded soybean, 0.5kg of corn protein powder, 0.2kg of complex enzyme, 0.2kg of baking soda, 0.1kg of rumen bypass fatty acid calcium, 0.15kg of potassium bicarbonate, 0.15kg of rumen bypass lysine, 0.03kg of methionine, 0.8kg of molasses, 0.95kg of high-yield cattle premix and 0.06kg of mold remover; after mixing the raw materials, detecting the index values of the nutrient components through near infrared analysis and chemical analysis.
S3: preparing a total mixed daily ration nutrition level: selecting the feed raw materials by virtue of CPM software, determining the appropriate addition amount or proportion of each feed raw material, calculating the dry matter feed intake, the fine and coarse proportion, the daily ration cost and the like of the total mixed daily ration of the high-yield dairy cows, optimizing the daily ration formula, meeting the nutritional standard in the step S1 and meeting the nutritional requirement of the dairy cows at the lowest cost;
s4: preparing a total mixed daily ration: adopting a full-mixed daily ration mixer, and sequentially adding high-quality alfalfa hay, whole corn silage, the concentrated feed, water and the like to control the water content to be 45 percent, namely, the water cannot be discharged when the hand is held and the hand is loosened;
s4: verifying the nutrient water of the low-protein total mixed ration: and (3) according to the physiological characteristics and the production level of the high-yield dairy cows and according to the accurate nutritional standard and demand, stirring the prepared total mixed ration for 28min by using a total mixed ration stirring truck, sampling and measuring the nutritional level of the total mixed ration to reach the index standard, thus obtaining the low-protein total mixed ration.
Claims (4)
1. A preparation method of low-protein daily ration for high-yielding cows is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: determining the nutritional standard: determining nutritional component index standard of low-protein daily ration of high-yield dairy cow by using a kannel carbohydrate-protein system (CNCPS method), wherein the determined index comprises nutritional component indexes such as net lactation energy, crude protein, crude fat, neutral detergent fiber, acidic detergent fiber, starch, calcium and phosphorus;
s2: selecting raw materials and measuring the nutritional ingredient indexes of the raw materials: weighing raw materials including high-quality alfalfa, whole corn silage, corn, pressed corn, soybean meal, rumen-bypass soybean meal, whole cotton seeds, puffed soybean, compound enzyme, rumen-bypass lysine, methionine, baking soda and molasses according to parts by weight, mixing the raw materials, and detecting index values of the nutritional ingredients through near infrared analysis and chemical analysis, such as dry matter, lactation net energy, crude protein, acidic detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, effective neutral detergent fiber, crude ash, fat, calcium, phosphorus and the like;
s3: preparing a total mixed daily ration nutrition level: selecting the feed raw materials in the step S2 by virtue of CPM software, determining the appropriate addition amount or proportion of each feed raw material, calculating the dry matter feed intake, the fine and coarse proportion, the daily ration cost and the like of the total mixed daily ration of the high-yield dairy cows, optimizing the daily ration formula, meeting the nutritional standard determined in the step S1 and realizing meeting the nutritional requirements of the dairy cows at the lowest cost;
s4: preparing a total mixed daily ration: adopting a full-mixed daily ration mixer, and sequentially adding high-quality alfalfa hay, whole corn silage, the concentrated feed, water and the like to control the water content to be 45-55 percent, namely, the water cannot be discharged when the hand is held and the hand is loosened;
s5: and (3) verifying the nutritional level of the low-protein total mixed ration: and (3) according to the physiological characteristics and the production level of the high-yield dairy cow, stirring the prepared total mixed ration for 20-30min by a total mixed ration stirring vehicle according to the accurate nutritional standard and demand, and sampling to determine that the nutritional level of the total mixed ration reaches the index standard to obtain the low-protein total mixed ration.
2. The method for preparing the low-protein daily ration for the high-producing dairy cows according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the nutrient content index determined in step S1 is: the lactation net energy is 1.74Mcal/kg, the crude protein is 16.5%, the crude fat is 3%, the neutral detergent fiber is 33.15%, the acid detergent fiber is 19.53%, the starch is 28.27%, the calcium is 0.47%, and the phosphorus is 0.53%.
3. The method for preparing the low-protein daily ration for the high-producing dairy cows according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: s2, the formula of the concentrated feed in the low-protein daily ration for the high-yield dairy cows comprises 2-5 kg of high-quality alfalfa, 20-25 kg of whole corn silage, 2-5 kg of corn flour, 3-6 kg of tabletting corn, 2-5 kg of soybean meal, 0.5-1 kg of rumen-bypass soybean meal, 2-5 kg of whole cotton seeds, 0.2-0.5 kg of puffed soybeans, 0.2-0.5 kg of corn protein powder, 0.05-0.25 kg of complex enzyme, 0.05-0.25 kg of baking soda, 0.05-0.20 kg of rumen-bypass fatty acid calcium, 0.05-0.20 kg of potassium bicarbonate, 0.05-0.15 kg of rumen-bypass lysine, 0.01-0.05 kg of methionine, 0.5-2 kg of molasses, 0.5-2 kg of high-yield cattle premix and 0.05-0.15 kg of mildew removing agent in parts by weight per 50kg of daily ration.
4. The method for preparing the low-protein daily ration for the high-producing dairy cows according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: and step S3, sequentially adding high-quality alfalfa hay, whole corn silage, the selected concentrated feed and water into the prepared low-protein daily ration of the high-yield dairy cow to mix.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115769856A (en) * | 2022-11-22 | 2023-03-10 | 浙江大学 | Lactation cow feed added with red date powder to improve milk flavor and preparation method thereof |
| CN116941574A (en) * | 2023-08-10 | 2023-10-27 | 山东福安清真食品集团股份有限公司 | Beef cattle feeding method of selenium-enriched beef |
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| CN103783278A (en) * | 2014-01-11 | 2014-05-14 | 黑龙江八一农垦大学 | Formula of 40kg milk production feed for high productive dairy cows |
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Patent Citations (1)
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| CN103783278A (en) * | 2014-01-11 | 2014-05-14 | 黑龙江八一农垦大学 | Formula of 40kg milk production feed for high productive dairy cows |
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| 曲永利;吴健豪;刘立成;张永根;: "应用CPM模型改善日粮能氮平衡和提高奶牛生产性能的效果评价", 动物营养学报, no. 02 * |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115769856A (en) * | 2022-11-22 | 2023-03-10 | 浙江大学 | Lactation cow feed added with red date powder to improve milk flavor and preparation method thereof |
| CN116941574A (en) * | 2023-08-10 | 2023-10-27 | 山东福安清真食品集团股份有限公司 | Beef cattle feeding method of selenium-enriched beef |
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