CN114672319A - Saline-alkali soil conditioner, preparation method and application thereof, and saline-alkali soil conditioning method - Google Patents
Saline-alkali soil conditioner, preparation method and application thereof, and saline-alkali soil conditioning method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and particularly relates to a saline-alkali soil conditioner, a preparation method and application thereof, and a saline-alkali soil improvement method. The saline-alkali soil conditioner provided by the invention takes urea phosphate, citric acid, biochemical fulvic acid potassium, wood vinegar and polyglutamic acid as raw materials, and the components have synergistic effect, so that the saline-alkali soil can be effectively improved, the growth of plants is promoted, and the resistance of the plants to the saline-alkali soil is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and particularly relates to a saline-alkali soil conditioner, a preparation method and application thereof, and a saline-alkali soil improvement method.
Background
The saline-alkali soil is a kind of salt accumulation, which means that the salt contained in the soil influences the normal growth of crops, and according to the incomplete statistics of the textbook organization and the grain and agriculture organization of the united nations, the area of the saline-alkali soil all over the world is 9.5438 hundred million hectares, wherein 9913 million hectares are in China. The formation of alkaline earth and alkalized soil in China is mostly related to the accumulation of carbonate in soil, so that the alkalization degree is generally high, and plants in serious saline-alkaline earth regions can hardly survive. Saline-alkali soil can be divided into light saline-alkali soil, moderate saline-alkali soil and heavy saline-alkali soil. The light saline-alkali soil means that the emergence rate is 70-80%, and the salt content is below three per thousand; moderate saline-alkali soil means that the emergence rate is 50% -70%, and the salt content is three per thousand to six per thousand; the heavy saline-alkali soil is characterized in that the salt content exceeds six thousandths, and the emergence rate is lower than 50%; the pH value for distinguishing saline-alkali soil is as follows: the pH value of the mild saline-alkali soil is 7.1-8.5, the pH value of the moderate saline-alkali soil is 8.5-9.5, and the pH value of the severe saline-alkali soil is more than 9.5.
In order to improve saline-alkali soil, various saline-alkali soil conditioners exist in the prior art, but the conventional saline-alkali soil conditioner can improve the saline-alkali property of the soil to a certain extent and reduce the saline-alkali property of the soil, but the effect of promoting plant growth cannot be achieved by only improving the soil, and the survival rate of plants is still low.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a saline-alkali soil conditioner, a preparation method and application thereof, and a saline-alkali soil conditioning method.
The invention provides a saline-alkali soil conditioner which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 12 to 18 percent of urea phosphate, 10 to 15 percent of citric acid, 10 to 15 percent of potassium fulvate, 3 to 5 percent of polyglutamic acid, 30 to 40 percent of pyroligneous and the balance of water.
Preferably, the potassium fulvate comprises biochemical potassium fulvate.
The invention provides a preparation method of the saline-alkali soil improver, which comprises the following steps:
mixing citric acid, urea phosphate, polyglutamic acid, wood vinegar and water to obtain a first mixture;
and secondly, mixing the first mixture with potassium fulvate, and preserving the temperature of the obtained second mixture at 50-60 ℃ for 40min to obtain the saline-alkali soil conditioner.
Preferably, the method further comprises the step of preheating the water before the first mixing, wherein the temperature of the preheated water is 50-60 ℃.
Preferably, after the saline-alkali soil conditioner is obtained, the quality inspection is carried out after the saline-alkali soil conditioner is cooled to room temperature.
Preferably, the quality inspection standard comprises that the content of organic matters is 60-70 g/L, the acid value (carboxyl) is 50-60 mg/g, and the content of polyglutamic acid is 1.0-1.5 g/L.
The invention also provides the application of the saline-alkali soil improver in the technical scheme in one or more of improving saline-alkali soil, promoting plant growth and enhancing the resistance of plants to the saline-alkali soil.
Preferably, the promoting plant growth includes increasing the rate of emergence and salt rejection of the plant.
The invention also provides a method for improving the saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps:
mixing the saline-alkali soil improver and water in the technical scheme, and applying the mixture to saline-alkali soil;
the mass ratio of the saline-alkali soil conditioner to water is 1: 10;
the dosage of the saline-alkali soil conditioner is 5-12 kg/mu.
Preferably, the mode of application comprises drip irrigation;
the drip irrigation time is 8-10 h/mu.
Has the advantages that:
the invention provides a saline-alkali soil conditioner which takes urea phosphate, citric acid, biochemical potassium fulvate and polyglutamic acid as raw materials, and the components have synergistic effect, so that the saline-alkali soil can be effectively improved, the growth of plants is promoted, and the resistance of the plants to the saline-alkali soil is improved.
Wherein, the citric acid is an organic acid and can neutralize carbonate ions in the saline-alkali soil. The potassium fulvate is rich in potassium fulvate and organic matters, can provide nutrient substances for plants, and is beneficial to rooting of crops. At the same time, the urea phosphate is complexed with calcium ions in the soil to form Ca (HPO) (H)2PO)-、Ca(H2PO)OH、CO(NH2)2·CaHPO、CO(NH2)2·CaH4(PO4)2The soluble superphosphate and phosphate complex, carbamidated superphosphate and phosphate are beneficial to the absorption of phosphorus and medium trace elements by plants, increase the biological effectiveness of the superphosphate and phosphate complex, and reduce the pH value of soil. The polyglutamic acid has strong hydrophilicity and water and fertilizer retention capacity, and the characteristics of viscosity of the polyglutamic acid ensure that a layer of film is formed on the surface layer of plant root hair after the polyglutamic acid is contacted with soil, so that the polyglutamic acid has a function of protecting the root hair, is an ideal conveying platform for closely contacting nutrients in the soil and water with the root hair, effectively improves the dissolution, storage, conveying and absorption of the fertilizer, improves the ion exchange capacity and prevents metal precipitation; furthermore, a large amount of negative charges are formed on the surface of the polyglutamic acid, so that the combination of sulfate radicals, oxalate radicals, carbonate radicals and the like with calcium, magnesium ions and trace elements can be effectively prevented, the absorption and utilization of the trace elements and nutrients are promoted, the exchange capacity of cations in soil is improved, and further, the adsorption exchange capacity of the polyglutamic acid and the nutrient ions is 100 times that of natural soil. Can effectively prevent the precipitation of phosphate ions, sulfate ions and oxalate ions and metal elements in the fertilizer. The crops can absorb the elements such as phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and the like in the soil more effectively.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a preparation scheme of the saline-alkaline soil amendment of example 1;
FIG. 2 is a statistical chart showing the length of the main root and the number of lateral roots of cotton after the saline-alkaline soil improver is applied to the saline-alkaline soil improver in examples 1 to 3, and case 1, case 2 and case 3 in FIG. 2 correspond to example 1, example 2 and example 3, respectively.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a saline-alkali soil conditioner which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 12 to 18 percent of urea phosphate, 10 to 15 percent of citric acid, 10 to 15 percent of potassium fulvate, 3 to 5 percent of polyglutamic acid, 30 to 40 percent of pyroligneous and the balance of water.
The saline-alkali soil conditioner comprises 12-18% of urea phosphate by mass percentage, preferably 13-16%, and more preferably 15%. The urea phosphate is complexed with calcium ions in soil to form Ca (HPO) (H)2PO)-、Ca(H2PO)OH、CO(NH2)2·CaHPO、CO(NH2)2·CaH4(PO4)2The soluble superphosphate and phosphate complex, carbamidated superphosphate and phosphate are beneficial to the absorption of phosphorus and medium trace elements by plants, increase the biological effectiveness of the superphosphate and phosphate complex, and reduce the pH value of soil.
The saline-alkali soil conditioner comprises 10-15% of citric acid in percentage by mass. The citric acid is preferably citric acid monohydrate with the mass concentration of 99.9%. The citric acid is organic acid and can neutralize carbonate ions in saline-alkali soil.
The saline-alkali soil conditioner comprises 10-15% of potassium fulvate by mass percentage, preferably 10.5-14%. The potassium fulvate of the present invention preferably comprises biochemical potassium fulvate. The potassium fulvate is rich in potassium fulvate and organic matters, can provide nutrient substances for plants, and is beneficial to rooting of crops.
The saline-alkali soil conditioner comprises 3-5% of polyglutamic acid by mass percentage. The polyglutamic acid has strong hydrophilicity and water and fertilizer retention capacity, and the characteristics of viscosity of the polyglutamic acid ensure that a layer of film is formed on the surface layer of plant root hair after the polyglutamic acid is contacted with soil, so that the polyglutamic acid has a function of protecting the root hair, is an ideal conveying platform for closely contacting nutrients and water in the soil with the root hair, effectively improves the dissolution, storage, conveying and absorption of the fertilizer, improves the ion exchange capacity and prevents metal precipitation; furthermore, a large amount of negative charges are formed on the surface of the polyglutamic acid, so that the combination of sulfate radicals, oxalate radicals, carbonate radicals and the like with calcium, magnesium ions and trace elements can be effectively prevented, the absorption and utilization of the trace elements and nutrients are promoted, the exchange capacity of cations in soil is improved, and further, the adsorption exchange capacity of the polyglutamic acid and the nutrient ions is 100 times that of natural soil. Can effectively prevent the precipitation of phosphate ions, sulfate ions and oxalate ions and metal elements in the fertilizer. The crops can absorb elements such as phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and the like in the soil more effectively.
The saline-alkali soil conditioner comprises 30-40% of pyroligneous liquor by mass percentage, preferably 32-38% of pyroligneous liquor by mass percentage, and more preferably 34-36% of pyroligneous liquor by mass percentage. The wood vinegar liquid has the function of improving alkaline soil. The source of the pyroligneous acid in the art is not particularly limited, and any commercially available product conventionally used in the art may be used.
The invention provides a preparation method of the saline-alkali soil conditioner in the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:
mixing citric acid, urea phosphate, polyglutamic acid, wood vinegar and water to obtain a first mixture;
and secondly, mixing the first mixture with potassium fulvate, and preserving the temperature of the obtained second mixture at 50-60 ℃ for 40min to obtain the saline-alkali soil conditioner.
According to the invention, before the first mixing, the water is preferably preheated, and the temperature of the preheated water is preferably 50-60 ℃, and more preferably 60 ℃. The preheating of the present invention promotes better dissolution of the components.
According to the invention, after the water is preheated, citric acid, urea phosphate and polyglutamic acid are firstly mixed with the water to obtain a first mixture. According to the invention, citric acid, urea phosphate and polyglutamic acid are preferably added into the reaction vessel in sequence to better dissolve the components. In the first mixing process, stirring is also carried out, the stirring is not particularly limited, and the effect of promoting the dissolution of the corresponding raw materials can be achieved by adopting a conventional stirring mode in the field, such as a stirring function in a reaction kettle.
After the first mixture is obtained, the invention mixes the first mixture with potassium fulvate to obtain a second mixture. In the second mixing process, stirring is also accompanied, and the stirring is the same as the first mixing process and is not described again. The components are added step by step, so that the dissolution of the components can be better promoted, and a stable solution is formed.
After the second mixture is obtained, the second mixture is subjected to heat preservation at 50-60 ℃ for 40min to obtain the saline-alkali soil conditioner. The heat preservation treatment of the invention can accelerate the dissolution of the raw materials and shorten the production time.
After the saline-alkali soil conditioner is obtained, the quality inspection is preferably carried out after the saline-alkali soil conditioner is cooled to room temperature. The invention more preferably cools the saline-alkali soil conditioner to 20 ℃. The cooling means of the present invention preferably comprises natural cooling. The quality inspection standard of the invention preferably comprises 60 g/L-70 g/L of organic matter, 50 mg/g-60 mg/g of acid value (carboxyl) and 1.0 g/L-1.5 g/L of polyglutamic acid.
The invention preferably also comprises the step of quantitatively packaging the saline-alkali soil conditioner meeting the quality inspection standard to obtain a finished product of the saline-alkali soil conditioner. The metered dose packaging of the present invention preferably comprises filling. The operation of the quantitative packaging is not particularly limited in the invention, and the conventional quantitative packaging operation mode in the field can be adopted. The saline-alkali soil conditioner which does not meet the quality inspection standard is preferably prepared again according to the preparation method of the saline-alkali soil conditioner.
The preparation of the saline-alkali soil conditioner is preferably carried out in a reaction kettle, the specification and the model of the reaction kettle are not particularly limited, and the conventional reaction kettle in the field can be adopted.
The invention also provides the application of the saline-alkali soil improver in the technical scheme in one or more of improving saline-alkali soil, promoting plant growth and enhancing the resistance of plants to the saline-alkali soil. The promotion of plant growth of the present invention includes the improvement of the rate of emergence and salt rejection of plants. The saline-alkali soil conditioner provided by the invention has the synergistic effect among the components, adopts the modes of neutralization, complexation, exchange, adsorption and the like, reduces saline-alkali, calcium and magnesium ions and the like in soil, converts insoluble salts into soluble superphosphate and phosphate complexes, improves the infiltration rate of salt, can effectively reduce the pH value of a soil body or a soil micro-area, and changes the acid-base balance of the soil, thereby playing roles in improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil, improving the soil structure and promoting the growth of crops.
The invention also provides a method for improving the saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps: mixing the saline-alkali soil improver and water in the technical scheme, and applying the mixture to saline-alkali soil; the mass ratio of the saline-alkali soil conditioner to water is 1: 10; the dosage of the saline-alkali soil conditioner is 5-12 kg/mu.
The dosage of the saline-alkali soil conditioner is preferably 10 kg/mu. The application means according to the invention preferably include drip irrigation, flood irrigation and spray irrigation, more preferably drip irrigation. When the application mode is drip irrigation, the drip irrigation time is preferably 8-10 h/mu, and more preferably 8 h/mu.
In order to further illustrate the present invention, the following detailed description of the technical solutions provided by the present invention is made with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A saline-alkali soil conditioner comprises the following components:
12% of urea phosphate, 10% of citric acid, 10% of biochemical fulvic acid potassium, 3% of polyglutamic acid, 30% of wood vinegar and the balance of water.
Specifically 120kg of urea phosphate, 100kg of citric acid, 100kg of biochemical potassium fulvate, 30kg of polyglutamic acid, 300kg of pyroligneous and the balance of water. In the actual preparation, the following examples are prepared according to the specific proportion in the manner, and are not described in detail below.
The preparation method of the saline-alkali soil conditioner comprises the following steps:
1. preparing raw materials: weighing the components according to weight, and preparing the components;
2. adding: adding water into a reaction kettle, and heating until the water temperature reaches 50-60 ℃;
3. stirring and dissolving: opening the stirring function of a reaction kettle, sequentially adding weighed citric acid, urea phosphate, polyglutamic acid and wood vinegar into the reaction kettle, stirring while adding to obtain a first mixture, finally adding biochemical potassium fulvate, uniformly stirring, completely dissolving the raw materials to obtain a second mixture, and keeping the second mixture at the temperature of 50-60 ℃ for 40min to obtain the saline-alkali soil conditioner.
4. And (3) natural cooling: naturally cooling the saline-alkali soil conditioner in the reaction kettle to 20 ℃, and sampling for quality inspection;
5. quality inspection: after quality inspection, the saline-alkali soil conditioner has the following organic matters: 60g/L, acid value (carboxyl group): 50mg/g, polyglutamic acid: 1.2 g/L.
6. Filling: and filling the saline-alkali soil conditioner qualified in quality inspection by using quantitative packaging equipment to obtain a finished product of the saline-alkali soil conditioner.
Example 2
A saline-alkali soil conditioner comprises the following components:
15% of urea phosphate, 12% of citric acid, 12% of biochemical potassium fulvate, 4% of polyglutamic acid, 35% of pyroligneous liquor and the balance of water.
The preparation method of the saline-alkali soil conditioner comprises the following steps: the same procedure was followed as in example 1.
The quality test result of the saline-alkali soil conditioner prepared in the example 2 is as follows: organic matter: 65g/L, acid value (carboxyl group): 55mg/g, polyglutamic acid: 1.2 g/L.
Example 3
A saline-alkali soil conditioner comprises the following components:
18% of urea phosphate, 15% of citric acid, 15% of biochemical fulvic acid potassium, 5% of polyglutamic acid, 40% of pyroligneous liquor and the balance of water.
The preparation method of the saline-alkali soil conditioner comprises the following steps: the same procedure was followed as in example 1.
The quality test result of the saline-alkali soil conditioner prepared in the example 3 is as follows: organic matter: 70g/L, acid value (carboxyl group): 60mg/g, polyglutamic acid: 1.5 g/L.
Application example 1
The test field is an Aksu 895 farm, the planted crops are cotton, the planting area is 60 mu, and the test field is applied in a drip irrigation mode. From the sowing of the seeds, the test plots are totally divided into 4 plots, each plot is 15 mu, and the saline-alkali content and the nutrient content of the soil of each plot are approximately the same. Dripping clear water into the first plot as a control; applying 5 kg of the saline-alkali soil conditioner in the embodiment 2 to each mu of the second plot; applying 8 kg of the saline-alkali soil conditioner in the embodiment 1 to each mu of the third land; and applying 12kg of the saline-alkali soil improver in the embodiment 3 to each acre of the four-number plot.
The specific experimental method is that clear water is dripped for 4 hours, then the saline-alkali soil conditioner is respectively added with 10 times of water according to the application amount of each land, and the saline-alkali soil conditioner is respectively added into the fertilizing tank and continuously dripped for 8 hours. Before and after 5 days of water dropping, the soil is respectively taken for assay, specifically, the soil taking depth is 30 centimeters, and 20 points are taken for each land. The test standards were performed according to NY/T1121.2-2006, NY/T1121.13-2006, NY/T1121.16-2006, NY/T1121.17-2006, NY/T1121.18-2006.
The results are shown in tables 1 and 2:
TABLE 1 soil test results before and after use of the saline-alkaline soil conditioner in examples 1 to 3
Table 2 emergence rate and salt rejection rate of cotton after soil improvement by the saline-alkaline soil conditioner in examples 1 to 3
| Serial number | Number of parcel | Rate of emergence (%) | Salt rejection (%) |
| 1 | Clean water | 62.4 | 25.4 |
| 2 | Example 1 | 89.4 | 67.3 |
| 3 | Example 2 | 92.6 | 71.4 |
| 4 | Example 3 | 94.8 | 73.0 |
From the analysis of the soil test results in tables 1 and 2, the salt rejection of the clear water control is only 25.4%, and the salt rejection of the plots II, III and IV is 67.3%, 71.4% and 73.0%, respectively; by comparing the emergence rates, the emergence rates of cotton in the plots II, III and IV using the saline-alkali soil conditioner provided by the invention are obviously higher than those of the plot I using clear water. The data contrast of the comprehensive mu quantity and the salt rejection rate is realized, when the mu quantity is increased, the salt rejection rate is not correspondingly improved or is improved a little, but the cost is greatly increased, so the comprehensive contrast is realized, and when 8 kilograms are used per mu, the salt-alkali soil conditioner has the highest cost performance.
In addition, the following tracking measurement of cotton roots shows that the quantity of the lateral roots of the cotton roots using the saline-alkali soil improver provided by the invention is larger, the length of the main root is also longer than that of the roots of cotton using clear water, and specific data are shown in figure 2, and the growth vigor of the cotton is also higher. The cotton seedlings drip-irrigated by clear water are withered after emergence, and the root of the cotton seedlings is blackened through observation of the root, so that the normal growth of the root is influenced by saline-alkali soil, and the whole cotton seedlings wither.
The saline-alkali soil conditioner provided by the invention can effectively desalt saline-alkali soil, improve the saline-alkali soil, promote the growth of plants and improve the resistance of the plants to the saline-alkali soil.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and other embodiments can be obtained without inventive step according to the embodiments, and the embodiments are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The saline-alkali soil conditioner is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 12 to 18 percent of urea phosphate, 10 to 15 percent of citric acid, 10 to 15 percent of potassium fulvate, 3 to 5 percent of polyglutamic acid, 30 to 40 percent of pyroligneous and the balance of water.
2. A saline-alkali soil amendment according to claim 1, wherein the potassium fulvate comprises biochemical potassium fulvate.
3. A method for preparing a saline-alkali soil amendment according to claim 1 or 2, which comprises the steps of:
mixing citric acid, urea phosphate, polyglutamic acid, wood vinegar and water to obtain a first mixture;
and secondly, mixing the first mixture with potassium fulvate, and preserving the temperature of the obtained second mixture at 50-60 ℃ for 40min to obtain the saline-alkali soil conditioner.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the step of preheating the water before the first mixing is performed, wherein the temperature of the preheated water is 50-60 ℃.
5. The preparation method of claim 3, further comprising performing quality inspection after the saline-alkali soil amendment is cooled to room temperature after the saline-alkali soil amendment is obtained.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the quality control standard comprises an organic matter content of 60 to 70g/L, an acid value (carboxyl group) of 50 to 60mg/g, and a polyglutamic acid content of 1.0 to 1.5 g/L.
7. Use of the saline-alkali soil amendment of any one of claims 1 to 2 or the saline-alkali soil amendment prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 3 to 6 for one or more of improving saline-alkali soil, promoting plant growth and enhancing plant resistance to saline-alkali soil.
8. The use of claim 7, wherein the promotion of plant growth comprises increasing the rate of emergence and salt rejection of the plant.
9. A method for improving saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
mixing the saline-alkali soil conditioner according to any one of claims 1 to 2 or the saline-alkali soil conditioner prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 3 to 6 with water, and applying the mixture to the saline-alkali soil;
the mass ratio of the saline-alkali soil conditioner to water is 1: 10;
the dosage of the saline-alkali soil conditioner is 5-12 kg/mu.
10. The method for improving saline-alkali soil according to claim 9, wherein the application means comprises drip irrigation;
the drip irrigation time is 8-10 h/mu.
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