CN114671722A - Preparation process of degradable strong water-absorption double-slow-release water-retention fertilizer - Google Patents
Preparation process of degradable strong water-absorption double-slow-release water-retention fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C3/00—Fertilisers containing other salts of ammonia or ammonia itself, e.g. gas liquor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
A preparation process of a degradable strong water absorption double slow release water retention fertilizer belongs to the technical field of fertilizer preparation, and aims to solve the problem that the long-term use of a large amount of chemical fertilizers during the crop growth can harden the soil, so that the yield of crops planted in the soil is reduced or the crops are not suitable for planting; the existing chemical fertilizer has the problems of higher action consumption rate and short continuous nutrition supply time, so that the fertilization times and the production cost of crops are increased; the fertilizer is prepared by crushing fertilizers such as fishbone, chicken bone and the like in crop straws, culture sludge and kitchen garbage into powder, mixing and fermenting to form an organic compound fertilizer with multiple elements, improving the soil quality by assisting a soil conditioner, infiltrating liquid ammonia by using a matrix fertilizer, rolling and kneading into compound granules, realizing slow release of fertilizer substances by using a pore structure on the surfaces of the compound granules and matching with a wrapped starch single-layer, and prolonging the lasting action time of the fertilizer; the invention can realize full and continuous nourishing of the fertilizer to crops and improve the soil environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizer preparation, in particular to a preparation process of a degradable strong water absorption double-slow release water-retaining fertilizer.
Background
The fertilizer is a substance which can provide nutrients required by the growth and development of crops, improve the soil properties and improve the yield and quality of the crops. Is an important production data in agricultural production. Generally, the fertilizer is divided into organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer and biological fertilizer. And may be divided into farmyard manure and chemical manure according to the source. Dividing the fertilizer into complete fertilizer and incomplete fertilizer according to the amount of the contained nutrients; according to the characteristics of fertilizer supply, the fertilizer is divided into direct fertilizer and indirect fertilizer; according to the components, the fertilizer is divided into nitrogen fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, trace element fertilizer and rare earth element fertilizer.
At present, fertilizers used in agricultural production and vegetable planting are chemical fertilizers generally, and the agricultural fertilizers are prepared by mixing and reacting chemical materials, so that the chemical fertilizers can supplement deficient nutrient elements for crops in a targeted manner. However, the existing chemical fertilizers generally cause untwistable damage to soil, and the soil is hardened by using a large amount of chemical fertilizers for a long time during the growth of crops, so that the yield of crops planted in the soil is reduced or the crops are not suitable for planting; moreover, the existing chemical fertilizer has high consumption rate, and can be consumed in a short time when being applied once to crops, so that the continuous nutrition supply time of the fertilizer to the crops is short, the fertilization times of the crops are increased, and the production cost is increased.
Therefore, a preparation process of the degradable strong water-absorbing double-slow-release water-retaining fertilizer is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation process of a degradable strong water-absorbing double-slow-release water-retaining fertilizer, and aims to solve the problems that in the background technology, the soil is hardened due to the fact that a large amount of chemical fertilizer is used for a long time during the growth of crops, the yield of crops planted in the soil is reduced or the fertilizer is not suitable for planting the crops, the existing chemical fertilizer is high in action consumption rate, the fertilizer is consumed in a short time when being applied once to the crops, the continuous nutrition supply time of the fertilizer to the crops is short, the fertilizing frequency of the fertilizer to the crops is increased, and the production cost is increased.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a preparation process of a degradable strong water-absorbing double-slow-release water-retaining fertilizer comprises the following implementation steps:
s1: preparing materials, namely selecting raw materials according to the requirements of a fertilizer production formula;
s2: removing impurities from the raw materials, namely processing the selected raw materials and screening to remove impurities;
s3: mixing materials, namely uniformly mixing the raw material small materials subjected to impurity removal by using a mixer;
s4: activating the strains, namely adding microbial strains into the mixture for activation treatment;
s5: preparing and forming materials, fermenting the activated fertilizer for 15-20 days, taking out the fermented materials, and forming compound particles in a rolling state in a disc;
s6: packaging and storing, namely forming the compound particles, drying and curing, then quantitatively packaging, and transporting to a warehouse for storage after packaging;
the fertilizer is prepared by mixing crop straws serving as a main material, culture sludge and auxiliary materials, wherein the weight percentage of the crop straws is 25-30%; the weight percentage of the culture sludge is 35-40%, and the weight percentage of each auxiliary material is respectively as follows: 7-10% of aggregate (fishbone and chicken bone); 3% -5% of egg shells; 6 to 10 percent of urea; 1.5 to 2.5 percent of neutral washing powder; 2% -5% of a soil conditioner; 2% -3% of a deodorant; 1% -3% of sustained-release agent; 5% -7% of microbial fermentation mother culture; 0.5 to 1 percent of secondary elements; 0.02-0.05% of trace elements.
Further, the processing and impurity removing operation steps of the raw materials in the step S2 are as follows:
s210: preparing crop straw powder, screening to remove stone impurities, and quantitatively taking for later use;
s220: filtering impurities of stones and branches from the culture sludge, deodorizing, curing and crushing, and then quantitatively measuring for later use;
s230: processing fishbone, chicken bone and egg shell to prepare powder, and screening the powder and then quantitatively taking the powder for later use;
s240: and quantitatively measuring urea, neutral washing powder, a soil regulator, a slow release agent, microbial fermentation mother bacteria, secondary elements and trace elements for later use.
Further, the preparation operation steps of the crop straw crumbs in the step S210 are as follows:
s211: removing withered parts of crop straws after the crop straws are taken, and crushing the crop straws by using a crusher;
s212: screening crop straw powder by using a 80-100-mesh 5mm square-hole sieve to remove stone foreign matters mixed in the crop straw powder;
s213: carrying the crop straw powder by using the tray, spreading and airing for 2-3 days in a natural environment, and removing water in the crop straw powder;
s214: after the crop straws are dried in the sun, the needed dry powder amount is quantitatively weighed for later use.
Further, the crushing preparation operation steps of the culture sludge in the step S220 are as follows:
s221: digging sludge at the bottom of the aquatic product culture pond, and filtering the sludge by using a 100-mesh 200-mesh 10mm square-hole sieve to remove stone and branch impurities in the sludge;
s222: quantitatively measuring a deodorant, uniformly mixing the deodorant with the filtered sludge, and removing odor and peculiar smell in the sludge by using the reaction of the deodorant;
s223: spreading the deodorized sludge on the ground, airing for 4-5 days, and erecting a drying fan beside an airing field for drying to completely remove water;
s224: thoroughly crushing the sludge by using a smashing device after the sludge is dehydrated and thoroughly solidified, carrying out screening verification by using a 0.5mm square-hole screen, and quantitatively measuring screened sludge powder for later use.
Further, the drying fan is only erected before the sludge is half-dried, the drying fan is closed after the sludge is half-dried and has primary strength, the sludge is broken into small sludge blocks by a knocking rod, the small sludge blocks are turned over by an iron shovel periodically during air drying and airing, and the broken sludge blocks are continued to be aired timely during subsequent airing.
Further, the operation steps of crushing and preparing the aggregate in the step S230 are as follows:
s231: respectively cleaning enough fishbone and chicken bone, and respectively boiling the fishbone and the chicken bone in water to remove the salt of the fishbone and the chicken bone;
s232: fishing out the fishbone and chicken bone after being boiled in water, airing for one day in a natural environment, and airing the water on the surfaces of the fishbone and the chicken bone;
s233: sufficiently mashing the fishbone and the chicken bone into powder by using a pounding device, screening and checking by using a 0.25mm square-hole screen, and quantitatively measuring the screened fishbone powder and chicken bone powder for later use;
s234: cleaning an enough masher, airing for 2-3h in a natural environment after cleaning, and airing the water on the surfaces of the inner wall and the outer wall of the masher;
s235: crushing by using a crusher, screening and checking by using a 0.25mm square-hole screen after crushing, and quantitatively measuring the screened eggshell powder for later use;
s236: and uniformly mixing the prepared fishbone powder, the chicken bone powder and the eggshell powder to obtain a bone powder mixture.
Further, the operation steps of mixing the raw material small materials in the step S3 are as follows:
s310: sequentially putting a quantitative mixture of the crop straw powder, the mud powder and the bone powder into a stirring cylinder, and starting a stirrer to uniformly mix the crop straw powder, the mud powder and the bone powder;
s320: sequentially adding urea, neutral washing powder, a soil conditioner, a slow release agent, microbial fermentation mother bacteria, secondary elements and trace elements into the powder mixture, starting a stirrer to uniformly mix the materials in a stirring cylinder, and stirring and feeding the materials to obtain a matrix fertilizer;
s330: uniformly mixing the base fertilizer, taking out the base fertilizer, fumigating the base fertilizer by using high-temperature steam, fumigating the base fertilizer in an environment at the temperature of 150-200 ℃ for 2-3h, taking out the base fertilizer, cooling the base fertilizer to room temperature, and irradiating and sterilizing the base fertilizer by using an ultraviolet sterilizing lamp.
Further, the strain activation operation in step S4 is as follows:
s410: putting the sterilized substrate fertilizer into a stirring cylinder, adding a quantitative amount of microbial fermentation mother fungi into the stirring cylinder, and uniformly mixing the substrate fertilizer and the microbial fermentation mother fungi by using a stirrer;
s420: uniformly mixing a matrix fertilizer with microbial fermentation mother bacteria, adding clear water to ensure that the mass ratio of the matrix fertilizer to the clear water is 4:1, and adding the clear water while mixing and stirring until the mixture is uniform;
s430: putting the humidified substrate fertilizer into a fermentation cylinder, sealing and sealing the port of the fermentation cylinder, and then performing aerobic fermentation on the substrate fertilizer, and performing anaerobic fermentation for 15-20 days to fully activate the substrate fertilizer;
s440: and (3) turning the substrate fertilizer by using a tool from a preset port of the fermentation cylinder every 5 days during fermentation, turning the substrate fertilizer on the lower layer to the upper part for fermentation, and taking out the fermented substrate fertilizer.
Further, in the step S430, the environmental temperature of 60-70 ℃ should be maintained in the fermentation cylinder during the activation fermentation of the substrate fertilizer, the substrate fertilizer needs to be turned over regularly to control the appropriate fermentation temperature, and the maximum fermentation temperature should not exceed 80 ℃.
Further, the operation steps of the material preparation and molding in the step S5 are as follows:
s510: taking out the substrate fertilizer after fermentation, putting the substrate fertilizer into a disc, rolling and rubbing the substrate fertilizer into round compound particles, and forming a pore structure on the surface of the compound particles when the compound particles are rolled and rubbed;
s520: adding liquid ammonia to soak the substrate fertilizer when the compound particles are rolled in the disc for rolling, and accelerating the rapid molding of the compound particles;
s530: and infiltrating the melted starch film material after the compound particles are formed, wherein the starch film material forms a thin degradable protective single coat on the surface of the compound particle roller.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention provides a preparation process of a degradable strong water absorption double-slow release water retention fertilizer, which comprises the steps of crushing crop straws into powder, solidifying aquatic product culture sludge, crushing the powder into powder, mixing the powder with the crop straw powder, smashing the powder into fishbone, chicken bone and chicken eggshell, mixing and fermenting by adding a soil conditioner to form an organic compound fertilizer rich in various nutrient elements, fully activating the fertilizer by using microbial fermentation yeast, so that crops can be supplemented with various nutrient elements under the nourishing of the fertilizer, avoiding hardening injury caused by multiple times and frequent application of various fertilizers and multiple soils, improving soil quality while supplying nutrition to the plants by matching with the soil conditioner, and the crop straw powder and the culture sludge contain plant fibers which can enhance the water absorption capacity of the fertilizers after dissolving and releasing the fibers, ensuring the soil to be moist to nourish the plants, the fertilizer is made of straw, cultivation sludge, fishbone and other wastes, has wide sources, can solve the problems of rural straw burning, difficulty in treatment of cultivation clear bottom mud and treatment of kitchen waste in catering industry by mass production, and has multiple purposes.
2. The invention provides a preparation process of a degradable strong water absorption double slow release water retention fertilizer, wherein urea is used as a common chemical fertilizer, not only can provide nutrition for plants, but also has a certain insecticidal effect, the urea can destroy chitin on a pest protective layer to cause death of the pest protective layer, neutral washing powder is added into the urea to prepare the fertilizer, the fertilizer is put after the plants are planted to provide nutrition, the neutral washing powder component is decomposed and released after contacting ground water, the liquid component of the neutral washing powder can increase the adhesive force of the urea component, when pests appear in a soil layer, the liquid component of the neutral washing powder promotes the urea component to be only attached to the body surfaces of the pests, the damage killing effect of the urea on the pests is enhanced, unnecessary pesticide spraying during crop planting is reduced, and the pollution of the pesticide to the environment is reduced.
3. The invention provides a preparation process of a degradable strong water absorption double-slow release water retention fertilizer, which comprises the steps of rolling and rubbing a substrate fertilizer into compound particles after the substrate fertilizer is successfully fermented, forming a pore structure on the surface of the compound particles when the compound particles are rolled and rubbed, slowly releasing nutrient substances of the fertilizer by utilizing the pore structure, continuously nourishing crops by the fertilizer for a long time, adding liquid ammonia for infiltration when the compound particles are rolled and rubbed, enabling the fertilizer to have strong pungent smell by the liquid ammonia, driving pests to a certain degree, reducing the damage of the pests to the crops, forming a single thin degradable protective single coat by infiltrating and melting starch film materials on the surface of the compound particles, facilitating the degradation of the starch film materials in any environment, releasing the fertilizer substances while slowly degrading the starch film materials, prolonging the slow release action time of the fertilizer, and avoiding the increase of production cost caused by frequent fertilization in a short time, the starch film material is degraded to generate carbon dioxide which can be used as a carbon source in plant growth, so that the sufficient carbon source is ensured when the crop grows in a smooth manner, the growth of the crop is facilitated, and the environment is not polluted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall flow chart of the preparation process of the degradable strong water-absorbing double-slow-release water-retaining fertilizer of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the preparation component ratio of the preparation process of the degradable strong water-absorbing double-slow-release water-retaining fertilizer of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the impurity removal treatment of the raw materials in the preparation process of the degradable strong water absorption double-slow release water-retaining fertilizer;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the preparation of crop straw crumbs by the preparation process of the degradable strong water-absorbing double-slow-release water-retaining fertilizer of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of the preparation process of the degradable strong water absorption double slow release water retention fertilizer by crushing the culture sludge;
FIG. 6 is a process diagram for preparing aggregate by crushing in the preparation process of the degradable strong water absorption double slow release water retention fertilizer;
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of raw material small material mixing operation of the preparation process of the degradable strong water absorption double slow release water retention fertilizer of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a flow chart of the operation of activating strains in the preparation process of the degradable strong water-absorbing double-slow-release water-retaining fertilizer;
FIG. 9 is a material preparation and forming operation flow chart of the preparation process of the degradable strong water absorption double slow release water retention fertilizer of the invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a compound particle of a preparation process of the degradable strong water-absorbing double-slow-release water-retaining fertilizer.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to solve the problems that the existing chemical fertilizers generally cause untwistable damage to soil, and the chemical fertilizers are greatly used for a long time in the growth of crops to harden the soil, so that the yield of crops planted in the soil is reduced or the crops are not suitable for planting, please refer to fig. 1-4, and provide the following preferred technical scheme:
a preparation process of a degradable strong water-absorbing double-slow-release water-retaining fertilizer comprises the following implementation steps:
s1: preparing materials, namely selecting raw materials according to the requirements of a fertilizer production formula;
s2: removing impurities from the raw materials, namely processing the selected raw materials and screening to remove impurities;
s3: mixing materials, namely uniformly mixing the raw material small materials subjected to impurity removal by using a mixer;
s4: activating the strains, namely adding microbial strains into the mixture for activation treatment;
s5: preparing and forming materials, fermenting the activated fertilizer for 15-20 days, taking out the fermented materials, and forming compound particles in a rolling state in a disc;
s6: and (4) packaging and storing, namely forming the compound particles, drying and curing, then quantitatively packaging, and transporting to a warehouse for storing after packaging.
The fertilizer is prepared by mixing crop straws serving as a main material, culture sludge and auxiliary materials, wherein the weight percentage of the crop straws is 25-30%; the weight percentage of the culture sludge is 35-40%, and the weight percentage of each auxiliary material is respectively as follows: 7 to 10 percent of aggregate (fishbone and chicken bone); 3% -5% of egg shells; 6 to 10 percent of urea; 1.5 to 2.5 percent of neutral washing powder; 2% -5% of a soil conditioner; 2% -3% of a deodorant; 1-3% of sustained release agent; 5% -7% of microbial fermentation mother culture; 0.5 to 1 percent of secondary elements; 0.02-0.05% of trace elements.
The processing and impurity removing operation steps of the raw materials in the step S2 are as follows:
s210: preparing crop straw powder, screening to remove stone impurities, and quantitatively taking for later use;
s220: filtering impurities of stones and branches from the culture sludge, deodorizing, curing and crushing, and then quantitatively measuring for later use;
s230: processing fishbone, chicken bone and egg shell to prepare powder, and screening the powder and then quantitatively taking the powder for later use;
s240: and quantitatively measuring urea, neutral washing powder, a soil regulator, a slow release agent, microbial fermentation mother bacteria, secondary elements and trace elements for later use.
S210, the preparation operation steps of the crop straw powder scraps are as follows:
s211: removing withered parts of crop straws after the crop straws are taken, and crushing the crop straws by using a crusher;
s212: sieving crop straw powder by using a 80-100 mesh 5mm square-hole sieve to remove mixed stone foreign matters;
s213: carrying the crop straw powder by using the tray, spreading and airing for 2-3 days in a natural environment, and removing water in the crop straw powder;
s214: after the crop straws are dried in the sun, the needed dry powder amount is quantitatively weighed for later use.
S220, the crushing preparation operation steps of the culture sludge are as follows:
s221: digging sludge at the bottom of the aquatic product culture pond, and filtering the sludge by using a 100-mesh 200-mesh 10mm square-hole sieve to remove stone and branch impurities in the sludge;
s222: quantitatively measuring a deodorant, uniformly mixing the deodorant with the filtered sludge, and removing odor and peculiar smell in the sludge by using the reaction of the deodorant;
s223: spreading the deodorized sludge on clean ground, airing for 4-5 days, and erecting a drying fan beside an airing field for drying to completely remove water;
s224: thoroughly crushing the sludge by using a smashing device after the sludge is dehydrated and thoroughly solidified, carrying out screening verification by using a 0.5mm square-hole screen, and quantitatively measuring screened sludge powder for later use.
The drying fan is only erected for use before the sludge is half-dried, the removing drying fan is closed after the sludge is half-dried and has primary strength, the sludge is broken into small sludge blocks by a knocking rod, the small sludge blocks are turned over by using an iron shovel periodically during air drying and airing, and the broken sludge blocks are continued to be aired timely during subsequent airing.
The operation steps of crushing and preparing the aggregate in the step S230 are as follows:
s231: respectively cleaning enough fishbone and chicken bone, and respectively boiling the fishbone and the chicken bone in water to remove the salt of the fishbone and the chicken bone;
s232: fishing out the fishbone and chicken bone after being boiled in water, airing for one day in a natural environment, and airing the water on the surfaces of the fishbone and the chicken bone;
s233: sufficiently mashing the fishbone and the chicken bone into powder by using a pounding device, screening and checking by using a 0.25mm square-hole screen, and quantitatively measuring the screened fishbone powder and chicken bone powder for later use;
s234: cleaning an enough masher, airing for 2-3h in a natural environment after cleaning, and airing the water on the surfaces of the inner wall and the outer wall of the masher;
s235: crushing by using a crusher, screening and checking by using a 0.25mm square-hole screen after crushing, and quantitatively measuring the screened eggshell powder for later use;
s236: and uniformly mixing the prepared fishbone powder, the prepared chicken bone powder and the prepared eggshell powder to obtain a bone powder mixture.
Specifically, crop straws are crushed into powder, aquatic product culture sludge is solidified and then crushed into powder to be mixed with the crop straw powder, the powder is mashed into fishbone, chicken bone and egg shell which are mixed, a soil regulator is added to carry out mixed fermentation, so as to form an organic compound fertilizer rich in multiple nutrient elements, microbial fermentation bacteria are used for fully activating the fertilizer, so that crops can be supplemented with multiple nutrient elements under the nourishing of the fertilizer, the multiple soil hardening injury caused by multiple frequent application of different fertilizers can be avoided, the soil quality can be improved while the soil regulator is used for supplying nutrition to the plants, the crop straw powder and the culture sludge contain plant fibers, the water absorption capacity of the fertilizer can be enhanced after the fibers are dissolved and released by the fertilizer, the moisture of the soil is ensured to nourish the plants, and the fertilizer is made of wastes such as straws, culture sludge and fishbone, the fertilizer has wide sources, and the mass production of the fertilizer can solve the problems of rural straw burning, difficult treatment of culture clear bottom mud and food and beverage kitchen waste treatment, thereby achieving multiple purposes.
In order to enrich the functions of the fertilizer and realize that the fertilizer can resist pests and diseases when providing nutrition to the plant, for example, the following preferred technical schemes are provided in figures 2 and 7-8:
the mixing operation steps of the raw material small materials in the step S3 are as follows:
s310: sequentially putting a quantitative mixture of the crop straw powder, the mud powder and the bone powder into a stirring cylinder, and starting a stirrer to uniformly mix the crop straw powder, the mud powder and the bone powder;
s320: sequentially adding urea, neutral washing powder, a soil conditioner, a slow release agent, microbial fermentation mother bacteria, secondary elements and trace elements into the powder mixture, starting a stirrer to uniformly mix the materials in a stirring cylinder, and stirring and feeding the materials to obtain a matrix fertilizer;
s330: uniformly mixing the base fertilizer, taking out the base fertilizer, fumigating the base fertilizer by using high-temperature steam, fumigating the base fertilizer in an environment at the temperature of 150-200 ℃ for 2-3h, taking out the base fertilizer, cooling the base fertilizer to room temperature, and irradiating and sterilizing the base fertilizer by using an ultraviolet sterilizing lamp.
The strain activation operation in the step S4 is as follows:
s410: putting the sterilized substrate fertilizer into a stirring cylinder, adding a quantitative amount of microbial fermentation mother fungi into the stirring cylinder, and uniformly mixing the substrate fertilizer and the microbial fermentation mother fungi by using a stirrer;
s420: uniformly mixing the substrate fertilizer with the microbial fermentation mother culture, adding clear water to ensure that the mass ratio of the substrate fertilizer to the clear water is 4:1, and mixing and stirring the substrate fertilizer and the clear water to be uniform while adding the clear water;
s430: putting the humidified substrate fertilizer into a fermentation cylinder, sealing and sealing the port of the fermentation cylinder, performing aerobic fermentation on the substrate fertilizer, and performing anaerobic fermentation for 15-20 days to fully activate the substrate fertilizer;
s440: and (3) turning the substrate fertilizer by using a tool from a preset port of the fermentation cylinder every 5 days during fermentation, turning the substrate fertilizer on the lower layer to the upper part for fermentation, and taking out the fermented substrate fertilizer.
Specifically, the urea is used as a common chemical fertilizer, can provide nutrition for plants and also has a certain insecticidal effect, the urea can destroy chitin on a pest protective layer to cause death of the pests, neutral washing powder is added into the urea to prepare the fertilizer, the fertilizer is put after the plants are planted to provide nutrition, the neutral washing powder component is decomposed and released after contacting ground water, the liquid component of the neutral washing powder can increase the adhesive force of the urea component, when pests appear in a soil layer, the liquid component of the neutral washing powder promotes the urea component to be only attached to the body surfaces of the pests, the destructive killing effect of the urea on the pests is enhanced, the spraying of some unnecessary pesticides during crop planting is reduced, and the pollution of the pesticides to the environment is reduced.
In order to solve the problems that the existing chemical fertilizer has a fast consumption rate, and the fertilizer is consumed in a short time when being applied to crops once, so that the fertilizer has a short continuous nutrition supply time to the crops, the fertilization times to the crops are increased, and the production cost is increased, please refer to fig. 1 and fig. 9-fig. 10, and the following preferred technical solutions are provided:
the operation steps of the material preparation and forming in the step S5 are as follows:
s510: taking out the substrate fertilizer after fermentation, putting the substrate fertilizer into a disc, rolling and rubbing the substrate fertilizer into round compound particles, and forming a pore structure on the surface of the compound particles when the compound particles are rolled and rubbed;
s520: adding liquid ammonia to soak the substrate fertilizer when the compound particles are rolled in the disc for rolling, and accelerating the rapid molding of the compound particles;
s530: and infiltrating the melted starch film material after the compound particles are formed, wherein the starch film material forms a thin degradable protective single coat on the surface of the compound particle roller.
Specifically, after the substrate fertilizer is fermented successfully, the substrate fertilizer is rolled and twisted into compound granules in a disc, pore structures are formed on the surfaces of the compound granules when the compound granules are rolled and twisted, nutrient substances of the fertilizer are slowly released by utilizing the pore structures, crops can be continuously nourished by the fertilizer for a long time, and liquid ammonia is added for infiltration when the compound granules are rolled and twisted to ensure that the fertilizer has strong pungent smell, pests can be repelled to a certain extent, the damage of the pests to the crops is reduced, a thin degradable protective single coat is formed on the starch film material infiltrated and melted on the surfaces of the compound granules, the starch film material is convenient to degrade in any environment, the fertilizer substances are released while the starch film material is slowly degraded, the slow release action time of the fertilizer is prolonged, the increase of the production cost caused by frequent fertilization in a short time is avoided, carbon dioxide is generated after the starch film material is degraded, and the carbon dioxide can be used as a carbon source when the plants grow, ensures that the crops have enough carbon source when growing in a photosynthetic way, is beneficial to the growth of the crops and does not cause pollution to the environment.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation process of a degradable strong water-absorbing double-slow-release water-retaining fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following implementation steps of:
s1: preparing materials, namely selecting raw materials according to the requirements of a fertilizer production formula;
s2: removing impurities from the raw materials, namely processing the selected raw materials and screening to remove impurities;
s3: mixing materials, namely uniformly mixing the raw material small materials subjected to impurity removal by using a mixer;
s4: activating the strains, namely adding microbial strains into the mixture for activation treatment;
s5: preparing and forming materials, fermenting the activated fertilizer for 15-20 days, taking out the fermented materials, and forming compound particles in a rolling state in a disc;
s6: packaging and storing, namely forming the compound particles, drying and curing, then quantitatively packaging, and transporting to a warehouse for storage after packaging;
the fertilizer is prepared by mixing crop straws serving as a main material, culture sludge and auxiliary materials, wherein the weight percentage of the crop straws is 25-30%; the weight percentage of the culture sludge is 35-40%, and the weight percentage of each auxiliary material is respectively as follows: 7-10% of aggregate (fishbone and chicken bone); 3% -5% of egg shells; 6 to 10 percent of urea; 1.5 to 2.5 percent of neutral washing powder; 2% -5% of a soil conditioner; 2% -3% of a deodorant; 1% -3% of sustained-release agent; 5% -7% of microbial fermentation mother culture; 0.5 to 1 percent of secondary elements; 0.02-0.05% of trace elements.
2. The preparation process of the degradable strong water-absorbing double slow-release water-retaining fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation process comprises the following steps: the processing and impurity removing operation steps of the raw materials in the step S2 are as follows:
s210: preparing crop straw powder, screening to remove stone impurities, and quantitatively taking for later use;
s220: filtering impurities of stones and branches from the culture sludge, deodorizing, curing and crushing, and then quantitatively measuring for later use;
s230: processing fishbone, chicken bone and egg shell to prepare powder, and screening the powder and then quantitatively taking the powder for later use;
s240: the urea, the neutral washing powder, the soil conditioner, the slow release agent, the microbial fermentation mother fungus, the secondary elements and the trace elements are respectively quantitatively measured for later use.
3. The preparation process of the degradable strong water-absorbing double slow-release water-retaining fertilizer as claimed in claim 2, wherein the preparation process comprises the following steps: s210, the preparation operation steps of the crop straw powder scraps are as follows:
s211: removing withered parts of crop straws after the crop straws are taken, and crushing the crop straws by using a crusher;
s212: screening crop straw powder by using a 80-100-mesh 5mm square-hole sieve to remove stone foreign matters mixed in the crop straw powder;
s213: the tray is used for receiving the crop straw powder, and the crop straw powder is spread and aired for 2-3 days in the natural environment, so that the water in the crop straw powder is removed;
s214: after the crop straws are dried in the sun, the needed dry powder amount is quantitatively weighed for later use.
4. The preparation process of the degradable strong water-absorbing double slow-release water-retaining fertilizer as claimed in claim 3, wherein the preparation process comprises the following steps: s220, the crushing preparation operation steps of the culture sludge are as follows:
s221: digging sludge at the bottom of the aquatic product culture pond, and filtering the sludge by using a 100-mesh 200-mesh 10mm square-hole sieve to remove stone and branch impurities in the sludge;
s222: quantitatively measuring a deodorant, uniformly mixing the deodorant with the filtered sludge, and removing odor and peculiar smell in the sludge by using the reaction of the deodorant;
s223: spreading the deodorized sludge on clean ground, airing for 4-5 days, and erecting a drying fan beside an airing field for drying to completely remove water;
s224: thoroughly crushing the sludge by using a smashing device after the sludge is dehydrated and thoroughly solidified, carrying out screening verification by using a 0.5mm square-hole screen, and quantitatively measuring screened sludge powder for later use.
5. The preparation process of the degradable strong water-absorbing double slow-release water-retaining fertilizer as claimed in claim 4, wherein the preparation process comprises the following steps: the drying fan is only erected for use before the sludge is half-dried, the removing drying fan is closed after the sludge is half-dried and has primary strength, the sludge is broken into small sludge blocks by a knocking rod, the small sludge blocks are turned over by using an iron shovel periodically during air drying and airing, and the broken sludge blocks are continued to be aired timely during subsequent airing.
6. The preparation process of the degradable strong water-absorbing double slow-release water-retaining fertilizer as claimed in claim 5, wherein the preparation process comprises the following steps: the operation steps of crushing and preparing the aggregate in the step S230 are as follows:
s231: respectively cleaning enough fishbone and chicken bone, and respectively boiling the fishbone and the chicken bone in water to remove the salt of the fishbone and the chicken bone;
s232: fishing out the fishbone and chicken bone after being boiled in water, airing for one day in a natural environment, and airing the water on the surfaces of the fishbone and the chicken bone;
s233: sufficiently mashing the fishbone and the chicken bone into powder by using a pounding device, screening and checking by using a 0.25mm square-hole screen, and quantitatively measuring the screened fishbone powder and chicken bone powder for later use;
s234: cleaning an enough masher, airing for 2-3h in a natural environment after cleaning, and airing the water on the surfaces of the inner wall and the outer wall of the masher;
s235: crushing by using a crusher, screening and checking by using a 0.25mm square-hole screen after crushing, and quantitatively measuring the screened eggshell powder for later use;
s236: and uniformly mixing the prepared fishbone powder, the chicken bone powder and the eggshell powder to obtain a bone powder mixture.
7. The preparation process of the degradable strong water-absorbing double slow-release water-retaining fertilizer as claimed in claim 6, wherein the preparation process comprises the following steps: the mixing operation steps of the raw material small materials in the step S3 are as follows:
s310: sequentially putting a quantitative mixture of the crop straw powder, the mud powder and the bone powder into a stirring cylinder, and starting a stirrer to uniformly mix the crop straw powder, the mud powder and the bone powder;
s320: sequentially adding urea, neutral washing powder, a soil conditioner, a slow release agent, microbial fermentation mother bacteria, secondary elements and trace elements into the powder mixture, starting a stirrer to uniformly mix the materials in a stirring cylinder, and stirring and feeding the materials to obtain a matrix fertilizer;
s330: uniformly mixing the base fertilizer, taking out the base fertilizer, fumigating the base fertilizer by using high-temperature steam, fumigating the base fertilizer in an environment at the temperature of 150-200 ℃ for 2-3h, taking out the base fertilizer, cooling the base fertilizer to room temperature, and irradiating and sterilizing the base fertilizer by using an ultraviolet sterilizing lamp.
8. The preparation process of the degradable strong water-absorbing double slow-release water-retaining fertilizer as claimed in claim 7, wherein the preparation process comprises the following steps: the strain activation operation in the step S4 is as follows:
s410: putting the sterilized matrix fertilizer into a mixing drum, adding a quantitative amount of microbial fermentation mother culture into the mixing drum, and uniformly mixing the matrix fertilizer and the microbial fermentation mother culture by using a stirrer;
s420: uniformly mixing the substrate fertilizer with the microbial fermentation mother culture, adding clear water to ensure that the mass ratio of the substrate fertilizer to the clear water is 4:1, and mixing and stirring the substrate fertilizer and the clear water to be uniform while adding the clear water;
s430: putting the humidified substrate fertilizer into a fermentation cylinder, sealing and sealing the port of the fermentation cylinder, and then performing aerobic fermentation on the substrate fertilizer, and performing anaerobic fermentation for 15-20 days to fully activate the substrate fertilizer;
s440: and the substrate fertilizer is turned over by using a tool from a port reserved in the fermentation cylinder every 5 days during fermentation, the substrate fertilizer on the lower layer is turned over to the upper part for fermentation, and the substrate fertilizer is taken out after being fermented.
9. The preparation process of the degradable strong water-absorbing double slow-release water-retaining fertilizer as claimed in claim 8, wherein the preparation process comprises the following steps: in the step S430, the environmental temperature of 60-70 ℃ should be kept in the fermentation cylinder during the activation fermentation of the substrate fertilizer, the substrate fertilizer needs to be turned over regularly to control the appropriate fermentation temperature, and the maximum fermentation temperature is not more than 80 ℃.
10. The preparation process of the degradable strong water-absorbing double slow-release water-retaining fertilizer as claimed in claim 9, wherein the preparation process comprises the following steps: the operation steps of the material preparation and forming in the step S5 are as follows:
s510: taking out the substrate fertilizer after fermentation, putting the substrate fertilizer into a disc, rolling and rubbing the substrate fertilizer into round compound particles, and forming a pore structure on the surface of the compound particles when the compound particles are rolled and rubbed;
s520: adding liquid ammonia to soak the substrate fertilizer when the compound particles are rolled in the disc for rolling, and accelerating the rapid molding of the compound particles;
s530: and infiltrating the melted starch film material after the compound particles are formed, wherein the starch film material forms a thin degradable protective single coat on the surface of the compound particle roller.
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Application publication date: 20220628 |