JP2009126776A - Manufacturing method of fermented fertilizer and fermented fertilizer - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a manufacturing method of an organic fertilizer capable of quickly fermenting and decomposing hardly decomposable organic resources such as grassy species. <P>SOLUTION: A silicic acid layer of a chaff is solubilized and an outer wall is made weak by an enzyme liquid obtained by subjecting a sewage disposal water to an enzyme/yeast treatment. Then fermentation and decomposition are promoted by placing under an aerobic condition by adding a rice bran and an enzyme/yeast mixture. A crushed product of the grassy species such as a straw, a heart of a maize and a bamboo can be similarly fermented and decomposed. A fermented chaff can be used as an effective fermentation/decomposition-treating agent for circulating organic resources such as a garbage containing fish, meat etc and a livestock wastesince fungi live in the fermented chaff and various enzymes also remain. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention is a technique for rapidly fermenting and decomposing persistent organic resources, particularly gramineous plants, by processing sewage treated water discharged from a sewage treatment facility.

  In addition, the present invention is a technique for rapidly treating unused organic resources such as raw garbage and livestock excreta by fermented and decomposed gramineous plants.

  Furthermore, this invention is a manufacturing method of the organic fermented fertilizer with much water-soluble silicic acid content.

Gramineae plants are also called silicate plants because they absorb a large amount of silicic acid during their growth process, and the silicic acid absorbed from the roots accumulates as a silicic acid layer (Fig. 1) on the outer wall of the epidermis cells, The silicic acid content of this reaches 20.3%.
Rice husk is a residue obtained by removing edible brown rice from harvested grains, and is derived from inner and outer pods at the time of flowering. The thick wall tissue of the inner and outer tubules is strongly lignined, and a large amount of silicic acid accumulates in the outer epidermis, which is further covered with a cuticle membrane to form a strong outer wall (Fig. 1). It is difficult to be decomposed by microorganisms, and it takes 1 to 2 years to use it as compost.
On the other hand, silicic acid contained in rice husk has an effect of strengthening the cell wall of plants, and it is known that siliceous fertilizer is applied to crops other than rice to suppress the occurrence of diseases such as powdery mildew. (FIG. 2).
Japan's rice production is about 10 million tons per year, and about 2 million tons of rice husks are discharged during milling. And about 700,000 tons, or 35% of them, are said to be incinerated without being used (2004: Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Production Bureau, Agriculture Promotion Division) (Figure 3)
Incineration of rice husk not only affects the surrounding environment due to soot, but is also a foolish act that leads to global warming, and the development of a method for utilizing the functions of rice husk is expected. On a global scale, 120 million tons of rice husks have been discharged, and the technology of the present invention will not be limited to Japan, but will be noted worldwide.

  There are few patents on the use of rice husk, and several methods have been proposed for fermenting rice husk in an aerobic atmosphere. An example of this is a medium prepared by mixing crushed rice husks (average 35 mesh) with manure excrement (chicken dung, cow dung, pig dung, etc.), and aerobic conditions while stirring this mixed medium once a day This is a method for producing an organic fermented fertilizer through fermentation and aging below (see, for example, Patent Document 1). According to this method, the odor disappears after the 11th day, and it becomes an organic fermented fertilizer that has not been brominated in about one month. When this is applied as a fertilizer, it is three times larger than that cultivated with ordinary fertilizer. It is reported that Sano pepper was harvested.

  In addition, a mixture of weeds and weeds mixed with rice that has been crushed with water and heated and softened, is first fermented with high-temperature fermenting bacteria, and then decomposes actinomycetes that decompose cellulose and amylose, lignin, etc. Rice husk compost has been proposed in which VA mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobial fungi that have an effective action on plants in aging and soil are added after secondary fermentation with white rot fungi or the like (for example, Patent Document 2) reference).

However, the organic fermented fertilizer (rice husk compost) described in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 uses finely ground rice husk, but the rice husk is strongly lignin in addition to the silicic acid layer. It is an epidermal tissue with thickened thick cell and cuticle layer, and its pulverization is not easy. (Figure 2)
Moreover, in the manufacturing method of patent document 1, although excrement of manure is used, although it becomes odorless in about 7 days, generation | occurrence | production of an odor cannot be avoided, and there also exists a problem also in environmental hygiene.
Furthermore, although the rice husk compost of patent document 2 is a method which does not use manure excretion etc., in addition to not being easy to grind a rice husk, it requires the time-consuming pre-processing of a swelling softening process after a heating. . That is, in addition to primary fermentation to secondary and tertiary fermentation, lime milk, nutrients, VA mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobia are mixed. For this reason, there is a problem in practical use in terms of economy, and the techniques described in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 have not yet been put into practical use.

  In addition, a rice husk decomposed by immersing it in aerated manure without crushing the rice husk has been commercialized as an organic fermented fertilizer (trade name “Momogara Monogatari”). (Refer nonpatent literature 1). This method is to immerse the packed rice husk in the aerated urine tank, take out the rice husk, ferment with rice bran, enzyme and yeast, and make it an organic fermented fertilizer in about one month

JP-A-60-137888 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-268088 Modern agriculture 84 volume November issue, P96-103 (2005) (reference materials 1)

The present invention is the development of a technique for rapidly fermenting and decomposing rice husks, which are expected to be effective in the agricultural field, but have been limited in use due to their indegradability. Conventional composting techniques have problems such as complicated processes, insufficient odor countermeasures, and hygiene countermeasures, and the development of simple techniques has been desired.

The present inventor paid attention to the activated sludge method used in the treatment process at a sewage treatment facility, and immersed rice husk in sewage treated water discharged after chlorination after treatment, for 2 to 3 months. It was confirmed by a scanning electron microscope that the outer wall of the rice husk gradually became brittle although it was slow. (Fig. 4)
Therefore, an enzyme solution in which various enzymes and yeast are added while aeration of the treated water is produced, and the silicate layer is solubilized by immersing or / and spraying rice husks in this enzyme solution to make the outer wall brittle. Succeeded in promoting fermentation degradation. (Fig. 5)

    When the rice husk immersed in the enzyme solution is pulled up to adjust the water content to 50-60%, and the rice bran and enzyme / yeast mixture are added and stirred for several hours under aerobic conditions, the rice husk reaches 50-60 ° C.

  Thereafter, when the stirring is stopped and the cone is deposited, fermentation starts and heat is generated at 60 to 70 ° C. or higher. Therefore, decomposition can be advanced to the extent that it can be applied to cultivated land in about 14 days if it is appropriately turned over. (Fig. 6)

Although the present invention has been found for the purpose of rapid fermentation and decomposition of rice husk, several new discoveries have been found incidentally.
(1) As a result of the destruction and solubilization of the silicate layer using the enzyme solution, the soluble silicate contained in the fermentation rice husk can be increased. (Fig. 7)
The effects of silicate fertilizers are often known, but the soluble silicic acid contained in fermented rice husks is derived from the plant rice husks, so there is a problem with safety even if excessive application is performed. There is no.
By absorbing silicic acid quickly and strengthening epidermal cells, crop cultivation, especially fruits and vegetables such as strawberries, tomatoes and cucumbers, fruit trees such as potatoes and grapes, powdery mildew, nematodes and fruit surfaces Damages such as blotches can be reduced. Also, spinach and lettuce were found to increase sugar content. (Figure 2)
(2) Various enzymes, yeasts, and fungi remain in the fermented rice husk and can be fermented and decomposed again by applying moisture.
The heat generated by fermentation evaporates the water content of the rice husk, and when the content falls below 30%, the fermentation slows down and the temperature decreases, and it is generally known that various microorganisms remain dry cells. It is.
For this reason, it can be applied not only to grasses of grasses but also as a treatment for fermentation / decomposition of unused organic resources such as garbage and various sludges by adjusting the water content.
(3) Rice husk is known as an organic resource that is the most difficult to ferment and decompose, and the fermentation and decomposition process of rice husk begins with immersion in an enzyme solution. Fermentation and decomposition can be promoted by doing.
(4) The enzyme solution is oxidized while continuing the soaking of the rice husks to become dark brown and the soluble silicic acid concentration increases. Since this liquid can be used as liquid fertilizer, no harmful emissions are generated.

  By using safe treated water that is treated at a sewage treatment facility and discharged to meet environmental standards (Figure 8) as a raw material, a work environment without odor is possible and without adversely affecting the surrounding environment. It has become possible to produce a large amount of organic fermented fertilizer containing plant silicic acid in a short period of time from gramineous plants. The present invention eliminates the need to dispose of a large amount of rice husk generated by incineration, etc. In addition, livestock excrement, raw garbage, bamboo and tree chips, sludge, etc. can be used effectively. Therefore, the effect contributing to agricultural production is extremely large.

Hereinafter, the significance and method of the present invention will be described in detail.
In the present invention, the enzyme solution is an enzyme and an organic substance that decomposes cellulose, starch, lipids, and proteins into sewage treated water that has been chlorinated by activated sludge treatment in a sewage treatment facility and that satisfies the river environmental standards (FIG. 8). It is aerated by mixing yeast and fungi that feed on it, and hardly smells sludge or sewage.
Until now, it has been impossible to imagine that chlorinated sewage treated water has a function to decompose and weaken the silicate layer of rice husks (Figs. 5 and 6) and that fermented organic matter immersed in chlorinated sterilized water. That is.

Plants and unused organic resources to be treated in the present invention accumulate starch, carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins, as well as rice husks, straws, bamboo chips, etc., which are composed of cellulose or lignin of the grass family. Most organic substances such as stalks, roots, fruits, grains, animal meat and fish are included.
In particular, it is well known that rice husk requires more than a year to be composted for agriculture, and is a method that decomposes in a short time and has low odor according to the present invention. The discovery of this is extremely important for organic resource recycling and environmentally friendly agriculture.

Enzymes used in the production method of the present invention are very general enzymes such as amylase, cellulase, protease, lipase, etc., fungi are wood-rotting fungi derived from mushroom fungi, and yeasts are derived from rice bran.
The addition amount is 5% of enzyme / yeast mixture and 30% of rice bran with respect to rice husk 100. When the rice bran is insufficient, the fermentation temperature rises slowly.

  If the turning after mixing and agitation is performed when the center temperature is about 70 ° C., a fermentation husk that is homogeneous throughout can be produced. In addition, it is desirable to deposit in a small conical shape, because it is easy to cause spoilage and bad odor may be generated if a large deposition exceeding 3 m in height is performed. However, air must be introduced.

  Moreover, the fermented rice husk produced by the technology of the present invention can be composted or reduced in weight by adding it to livestock dung, sludge, raw garbage or the like. The addition amount is appropriately about 20 to 50% with respect to rice husk 100.

As explained above, this technology is extremely important and groundbreaking for promoting environmentally friendly agriculture. By returning rice husks, straw, corn cores, bamboo, organic matter, etc., which have been difficult to use, to the arable land, it can support the resource recycling system in the region and contribute to the promotion of organic agriculture.
It can also be applied to the treatment of unused organic resources such as raw garbage, so it can be used for the effective utilization of organic resources (biomass), natural regeneration, environmental protection technologies, etc. Can also contribute. (Fig. 9)

Cross section of rice husk (Fig. 3) An example of silicic acid effect Use of rice husk Rice hull surface texture after 3 months of treatment with sewage treated water Surface texture of rice husks immersed in enzyme solution for 24 hours and fermented for 2 weeks Time series change of fermentation temperature during deposition Difference in silicic acid content between untreated rice husk, fermented rice husk after spraying treatment liquid, and fermented rice husk after enzyme solution immersion treatment Example of discharge standards for sewage treatment facilities (quoted from Ibaraki Prefecture Civil Engineering Department website) Resource recycling of organic materials (quoted from Kanto Agricultural Administration Bureau Biomass Nippon website)

Reference material 1. Modern Agriculture, Vol.84, November, p94-103, 2005 (Agricultural Bunka Kyo)
Reference material2. Cultivation test results from “Fermented Momigara”, quoted from “IOM Co., Ltd.” website

Claims (6)

  A liquid state produced by adding an enzyme / yeast mixture such as amylase, protease, cellulase and lipase to the sewage treated water treated according to the sewerage law to liquefy the sewage treated water, and further by continuous aeration. A method for producing an enzyme solution.   A method for producing fermented fertilizer for rice husks produced by immersing or / and spraying rice husks in the enzyme solution obtained by the production method according to claim 1 and fermenting and decomposing the rice husks.   A rice husk fermented by the production method according to claim 2, wherein rice bran and an enzyme / yeast mixture such as amylase, protease, cellulase and lipase are added, and the rice husk is fermented and decomposed to produce rice husk. A method for producing fertilizer.   A gramineous plant such as bamboo, dried corn core, bran or the like is pulverized to form a pulverized product, and the pulverized product is immersed or / and sprayed in the enzyme solution obtained by the production method according to claim 1. A method for producing fermented fertilizer of a pulverized product comprising a gramineous plant produced by adding rice bran and an enzyme / yeast mixture such as amylase, protease, cellulase and lipase to the pulverized product after treatment, and fermenting and decomposing the pulverized product.   Fermented fertilizers such as garbage produced by adding fermented rice husk fertilizer obtained by the production method according to claim 3 to organic waste materials such as garbage or / and livestock manure, and / or fermented and decomposed, and / or A method for producing livestock manure as fertilizer.   Fermented fertilizer obtained by the production method of claims 1 to 5