CN114656345B - 一种4-甲基-1-戊烯的合成方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种4‑甲基‑1‑戊烯的合成方法,属于有机化工材料制备技术领域。即以丙酮为原料,经催化精馏,在具有缩合、加氢双功能催化剂的作用下脱水缩合获取甲基异丁酮,再经催化加氢后获得甲基异丁基甲醇,最后经双金属固溶体氧化物催化剂作用下脱水反应后获得4‑甲基‑1‑戊烯。本方法制备过程简单易实现,操作简便、安全,环境友好,工艺参数易于控制,对设备要求不高,所得4‑甲基‑1‑戊烯的选择性高,整体工艺流程原子利用率高,可促进丙酮的产业链延伸制备高端聚合物前体和重要有机中间体。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于有机化工材料制备技术领域,尤其涉及一种由丙酮为原料合成4-甲基-1-戊烯的方法。
背景技术
4-甲基-1-戊烯(4MP1)是一种重要的支链α-烯烃,作为重要的有机化工原料,已越来越广泛地用于合成有机中间体。4-甲基-1-戊烯一方面可用作高品质线型低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)的共聚单体,另一方面可自聚合成聚4-甲基-1-戊烯(PMP),PMP是已知的密度最低的合成材料(830Kg/m3),且熔点和软化点高(240℃),透明度高,介电性好,并且PMP能经受住最苛刻的杀菌和消毒条件,可广泛在医学上使用。另外,4-甲基-1-戊烯还可用于人造皮革行业,用于制作高性能的皮革型纸。
目前4-甲基-1-戊烯主要通过丙烯二聚制备。由于烯烃具有两性,所以在二聚反应中可以采用的催化剂分为三类:酸性催化剂、碱性催化剂、有机金属催化剂,目前主要以固体碱催化剂为主。然而,固体碱催化丙烯二聚仍存在一些关键科学问题和技术问题有待突破。1)丙烯低聚产物分布复杂,如何控制丙烯聚合度;2)丙烯二聚产物分子易发生异构,如何提高目标产物4MP1的选择性;3)催化剂在长时间反应过程中易结焦失活,活性组分易流失,如何提高催化剂的稳定性?
中国发明专利CN200110041770.3公开了一种丙烯二聚催化剂及其制备方法和用途,以碳酸钾为载体,钠和/或钾为活性组分,催化剂具有良好的选择性和寿命,但催化体系对水、氧特别敏感,不易实际应用。中国发明专利CN200210021590.3公开了一种合成4-甲基1-戊烯的催化剂及其载体的制备方法,包括大孔径碱金属碳酸盐与石墨复合,提高碱金属在载体上的负载量,增加催化剂活性中心的数量,从而提高催化剂的催化性能,但催化剂的稳定还有待进一步提高。中国发明专利CN202010751404.X公开了用于丙烯低聚制4-甲基-1-戊烯的固体碱催化剂及其制备方法和应用,创新性的通过萘与碱金属的结合作为催化剂的活性组分,负载在固体碱载体上制备得到固体碱催化剂。将制备所得的固体碱催化剂用于催化丙烯低聚反应,成功实现了催化丙烯二聚反应,大大提高了反应的转化率及二聚产物中4MP1的选择性。中国发明专利CN202010495971.3公开了一种4-甲基-1-戊烯的合成工艺,包括在负载碱金属的碱性盐作为催化剂的条件下,使丙烯在脱水脱氧的基础上发生二聚反应,然后通过分离工艺制备4-甲基-1-戊烯。尽管上述技术公开了丙烯二聚获取4-甲基-1-戊烯的催化剂和相关工艺,但都采用碱金属为活性组分,在实际生产中需要对反应体系进行无水、无氧处理,安全性有待提高,而且在反应过程中存在催化剂失活等问题,反应产物需要分离纯化,尤其涉及C6烯烃同分异构体的分离,相对比较复杂。因此,寻求本质安全且绿色催化技术实现4-甲基-1-戊烯的合成具有重要科学意义和经济价值。
针对于上述现有技术中的不足之处,本发明创新性提出以丙酮为原料,经催化精馏,在具有缩合、加氢双功能催化剂的作用下脱水缩合获取甲基异丁酮(MIBK),再经催化加氢后获得甲基异丁基甲醇(MIBC),最后经双金属固溶体氧化物催化剂作用下脱水反应后获得4-甲基-1-戊烯。目前,以丙酮为基本原料合成4-甲基-1-戊烯的研究与开发鲜有报道,其主要反应方程式分别为:
(1)丙酮脱水缩合反应
(2)选择加氢反应
(3)脱水反应
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种4-甲基-1-戊烯的合成方法。该制备方法其原料储备丰富,操作简便,工艺过程简单可控,且可实现原子经济性,其副产物仅为H2O,相对于中间产物和产品容易分离,适用于大规模生产,在一定程度上可替代丙烯二聚法制备4-甲基-1-戊烯。
本发明的技术方案:
一种4-甲基-1-戊烯的合成方法,步骤如下:
以丙酮为原料,在氢气气氛下采用催化精馏反应器,在具有缩合、加氢双功能的HZSM-5分子筛负载金属Pd-Zn金属间化合物催化剂作用下,控制塔顶100-130℃,塔釜120-170℃,反应压力0.5-1.5MPa,体积空速0.5-2h-1下,氢油比100-500,经脱水缩合反应后获取甲基异丁酮,其收率在85%-95%;将所获得的甲基异丁酮,在固定床反应器中Ni-In/Al2O3金属间化合物催化剂作用下,反应温度80-120℃,反应压力0.1-2.0MPa,质量空速0.5-1.5h-1,氢油比100-300选择加氢制备甲基异丁基甲醇;将所获得甲基异丁基甲醇在固体床反应器中,双金属固溶体氧化物催化剂的作用下,反应温度300-450℃,反应压力0.1-1MPa,空速0.1-1.5h-1,进行脱水反应,甲基异丁基甲醇脱水单程转化率85%-99%,4-甲基-1-戊烯的选择性90%-97%;最后经分离纯化获得聚合级4-甲基-1-戊烯。
所述HZSM-5分子筛负载金属Pd-Zn金属间化合物催化剂中Pd的担载量为0.5wt.%-3.0wt.%,Pd-Zn金属间化合物中Pd:Zn摩尔比为1:3、1:1、3:1中的一种。
所述Ni-In/Al2O3金属间化合物催化剂中Ni的担载量为5wt.%-20wt.%,Ni-In化学计量比为1:1、3:1中的一种。
所述的双金属固溶体氧化物催化剂为CeO2-ThO2、ZrO2-ThO2、La2O3-ThO2、CeO2-ZrO2中的一种。
本发明的有益效果:本发明所述的4-甲基-1-戊烯的合成方法,制备过程简单易实现,操作简便、安全,环境友好,工艺参数易于控制,对设备要求不高,所得4-甲基-1-戊烯的选择性高,整体工艺流程原子利用率高,可促进丙酮的产业链延伸制备高端聚合物前体和重要有机中间体。
附图说明
图1是本发明方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
下面将通过实施例来详述本发明,但本发明并不局限于这些实施例。
实施例1
以丙酮为原料,在氢气气氛下采用催化精馏反应器,在具有缩合、加氢双功能的HZSM-5分子筛负载Pd-Zn金属间化合物催化剂(Pd的担载量为0.5wt.%,Pd:Zn摩尔比为1:1)作用下,控制塔顶130℃,塔釜170℃,反应压力1.5MPa,体积空速0.5h-1下,氢油比100,经脱水缩合反应后获取甲基异丁酮,其收率在88%。
实施例2
以丙酮为原料,在氢气气氛下采用催化精馏反应器,在具有缩合、加氢双功能的HZSM-5分子筛负载Pd-Zn金属间化合物催化剂(Pd的担载量为3.0wt.%,Pd:Zn摩尔比为3:1)作用下,控制塔顶100℃,塔釜120℃,反应压力0.5MPa,体积空速1.5h-1下,氢油比500,经脱水缩合反应后获取甲基异丁酮,其收率在95%。
实施例3
将实施例1所获得的甲基异丁酮,在固定床反应器中Ni-In/Al2O3金属间化合物催化剂(Ni的担载量为5wt.%,Ni-In化学计量比为3:1)作用下,反应温度120℃,反应压力0.1MPa,质量空速1.5h-1,氢油比100下进行选择加氢反应,其液相产物经色谱分析发现甲基异丁酮的转化率96%,甲基异丁基甲醇选择性达94%。
实施例4
将实施例2所获得的甲基异丁酮,在固定床反应器中Ni-In/Al2O3金属间化合物催化剂(Ni的担载量为20wt.%,Ni-In化学计量比为1:1)作用下,反应温度80℃,反应压力2.0MPa,质量空速0.5h-1,氢油比300下进行选择加氢反应,其液相产物经色谱分析发现甲基异丁酮的转化率95%,甲基异丁基甲醇选择性达98%。
实施例5
将实施例2所获得的甲基异丁酮,在固定床反应器中Ni-In/Al2O3金属间化合物催化剂(Ni的担载量为20wt.%,Ni-In化学计量比为1:1)作用下,反应温度120℃,反应压力2.0MPa,质量空速0.5h-1,氢油比300下进行选择加氢反应,其液相产物经色谱分析发现甲基异丁酮的转化率98%,甲基异丁基甲醇选择性达96%。
实施例6
将实施例3所获得甲基异丁基甲醇在固体床反应器中,CeO2-ThO2双金属固溶体氧化物催化剂的作用下,反应温度300℃,反应压力0.1MPa,空速0.1h-1,进行脱水反应,液体产物经色谱分析,发现甲基异丁基甲醇脱水单程转化率98%,4-甲基-1-戊烯的选择性90%,经分离纯化获得聚合级4-甲基-1-戊烯。
实施例7
将实施例4所获得甲基异丁基甲醇在固体床反应器中,ZrO2-ThO2双金属固溶体氧化物催化剂的作用下,反应温度450℃,反应压力1MPa,空速1.5h-1,进行脱水反应,液体产物经色谱分析,发现甲基异丁基甲醇脱水单程转化率99%,4-甲基-1-戊烯的选择性95%,经分离纯化获得聚合级4-甲基-1-戊烯。
实施例8
将实施例5所获得甲基异丁基甲醇在固体床反应器中,La2O3-ThO2双金属固溶体氧化物催化剂的作用下,反应温度400℃,反应压力0.5MPa,空速1.5h-1,进行脱水反应,液体产物经色谱分析,发现甲基异丁基甲醇脱水单程转化率90%,4-甲基-1-戊烯的选择性97%,经分离纯化获得聚合级4-甲基-1-戊烯。
实施例9
将实施例5所获得甲基异丁基甲醇在固体床反应器中,CeO2-ZrO2双金属固溶体氧化物催化剂的作用下,反应温度450℃,反应压力0.8MPa,空速0.1h-1,进行脱水反应,液体产物经色谱分析,发现甲基异丁基甲醇脱水单程转化率87%,4-甲基-1-戊烯的选择性90%,经分离纯化获得聚合级4-甲基-1-戊烯。
实施例10
将实施例5所获得甲基异丁基甲醇在固体床反应器中,CeO2-ThO2双金属固溶体氧化物催化剂的作用下,反应压力1.0MPa,空速0.1h-1,调变反应温度300-450℃,进行脱水反应,液体产物经色谱分析,发现甲基异丁基甲醇脱水单程转化率和4-甲基-1-戊烯的选择性如下表所示。
反应温度/℃ | 甲基异丁基甲醇转化率/% | 4-甲基-1-戊烯选择性/% |
300 | 80 | 98 |
350 | 87 | 95 |
400 | 96 | 92 |
450 | 98 | 89 |
Claims (2)
1.一种4-甲基-1-戊烯的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤如下:
以丙酮为原料,在氢气气氛下采用催化精馏反应器,在具有缩合、加氢双功能的HZSM-5分子筛负载Pd-Zn金属间化合物催化剂作用下,控制塔顶100-130 oC,塔釜120-170 oC,反应压力0.5-1.5MPa,体积空速0.5-2h-1下,氢油比100-500,经脱水缩合反应后获取甲基异丁酮,其收率在85%-95%;
将所获得的甲基异丁酮,在固定床反应器中Ni-In/Al2O3金属间化合物催化剂作用下,反应温度80-120 oC,反应压力0.1-2.0 MPa,质量空速0.5-1.5 h-1,氢油比100-300选择加氢制备甲基异丁基甲醇;所述Ni-In/Al2O3金属间化合物催化剂中Ni的担载量为5wt.%-20wt.%,Ni-In化学计量比为1:1、3:1中的一种;
将所获得甲基异丁基甲醇在固体床反应器中,双金属固溶体氧化物催化剂的作用下,反应温度300-450 oC,反应压力0.1-1 MPa,空速0.1-1.5h-1,进行脱水反应,甲基异丁基甲醇脱水单程转化率85%-99%,4-甲基-1-戊烯的选择性90%-97%;最后经分离纯化获得聚合级4-甲基-1-戊烯;所述的双金属固溶体氧化物催化剂为CeO2-ThO2、ZrO2-ThO2、La2O3-ThO2、CeO2-ZrO2中的一种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的4-甲基-1-戊烯的合成方法,其特征在于,所述HZSM-5分子筛负载Pd-Zn金属间化合物催化剂中Pd的担载量为0.5wt.%-3.0wt.%,Pd-Zn金属间化合物中Pd:Zn摩尔比为1:3、1:1、3:1中的一种。
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