CN114654754A - 机动车辆的车身零件 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种机动车辆的车身零件(1),其包括主体(10),该主体包括旨在布置在雷达对面的区域(11)和该区域(11)的周边区域(13),其中,所述区域(11)具有比所述周边区域(13)的厚度更小的预定厚度(E),所述预定厚度(E)被选择为使得雷达波在所述区域(11)处的衰减小于所述雷达波在所述周边区域(13)处的衰减。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种机动车辆的车身零件,其包括旨在布置在雷达对面的区域。本发明还涉及这样的零件的制造方法。
背景技术
在现有技术中已知包括旨在布置在雷达前方、换句话说具有雷达罩功能的部分的机动车辆的车身零件。由此,车身零件的旨在布置在雷达前方的部分必须具备对穿过它的雷达波的良好的传输性。为了优化波的传输,可通过测试和计算方法获得零件的所述部分的优化厚度。因此期望的是在具有该功能的所有车身零件上应用该精确的厚度。而根据车辆型号的不同,具有雷达罩功能的车身零件经常具有不同的厚度。这尤其是由在模制之后施加在车身零件上的漆料造成的,施加的所有漆料会改变不同型号之间零件的厚度。例如,底漆层(basecoat)的厚度或多或少取决于颜色。由此,如果想要在几个不同型号的上漆车身零件上获得相同厚度的具有雷达罩功能的部分,则需设置不同的模具,这使得在成本和模具存储方面特别复杂。
发明内容
本发明的目的尤其在于提供一种包括旨在布置在雷达对面的区域的机动车辆的车身零件,其中,该区域具有能够更好地传输雷达波的预定厚度。
为了该效果,本发明的主题在于一种机动车辆的车身零件,其包括主体,该主体包括旨在布置在雷达对面的区域和该区域的周边区域,其中,所述区域具有比周边区域的厚度更小的预定厚度E,预定厚度E被选择为使得雷达波在区域处的衰减小于雷达波在周边区域处的衰减。
布置在雷达对面的车身零件的所述区域对雷达波的透射性能够通过减小该区域的厚度来改善。期望的是为了优化生产率,车身零件成批制造。在所述区域中去除材料能够更容易地获得该区域的预定厚度。
在本发明的意义上,旨在布置在雷达对面的区域是车身零件上可能会被车载雷达发射的波穿过的区域。由此,该区域大致对应于由雷达波形成的锥形(锥体)在车身零件上的投影。
可以理解,旨在布置在雷达对面的区域的“周边区域”由车身零件的在该区域附近围绕该区域的部分形成。
根据本发明,所述车身零件可单独或组合地采用以下可选的其它特征:
-预定厚度是通过在所述区域处去除材料获得的。
-所述区域的厚度从漆料颜色/厚度数值对集合中选择,以确保对于所述漆料颜色雷达波的最优传输。该数值对集合例如通过测量和计算作为厚度函数的波的衰减和反射而获得的,还可根据用于制造零件的材料的介电特性等参数以及根据漆料的颜色,通过测量和计算波的衰减和反射来获得该数值对集合。
-预定厚度的选择考虑到以下参数中的至少一个:主体材料、区域厚度、施加在外部面上的漆料。由此,所述区域厚度的选择是简单的,这是因为它是在预定的数值对集合中做出选择。可以理解,在不同型号的车身零件被上漆的情况下,所述区域的优化厚度尤其根据不同型号之间所施加的漆料不同而变化。
-预定厚度与周边区域的厚度之间的差异介于0.1mm至0.5mm。
-所述区域的厚度介于2.14mm至2.5mm。
-为了获得雷达波透射性更好的均匀性,所述区域具有大致平坦的表面。
-主体的材料选自聚丙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚酰胺、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、共聚酯、丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯共聚物、丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯共聚物和聚碳酸酯的混合物(ABS/PC)、丙烯腈苯乙烯丙烯酸酯共聚物(ASA)、苯乙烯丙烯腈、丙烯腈苯乙烯丙烯酸酯共聚物和聚碳酸酯的混合物、聚碳酸酯和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的混合物、聚丙烯和EPDM的混合物。
-车身零件包括外部面,外部面与包括所述区域的面相反,外部面旨在布置在车辆外部并覆有漆料。施加在零件表面上的漆料包括不同厚度的多个不同层,例如基漆、底漆和清漆,从而获得机动车辆应用的漆料。
本发明的目的还在于提供一种获得包括旨在布置在雷达对面的区域的机动车辆车身零件的方法,其中,所述区域具有预定厚度,无论零件的漆料颜色如何,都能够更好地传输雷达波。
本发明的主题还在于一种用于制造如上所述的车身零件的方法,其包括以下步骤:
-基于塑料材料,通过模制制造车身零件的主体;
-使一定量的塑料材料流动到所述区域之外,以获得该区域的预定厚度。
首先获得具有恒定厚度的车身零件,然后所述区域的预定厚度E仅通过加热材料并使得材料在该区域中流动的步骤来调节。由此,当通过注射模制获得主体时,对于车身零件的不同型号,主体易于通过使用单个同一模具来制造。
根据本发明,所述制造方法可单独或组合地采用以下可选的其它特征:
-通过加热装置,例如加热凸模或超声波凸模,来实现材料流动。
-所述方法包括以下步骤:
A:基于塑料材料,通过模制制造车身零件的主体,
B:将车身零件布置在支撑件上,
C:将加热装置布置在所述区域附近或所述区域中以使得该区域一定量的材料熔融,
D:使熔融材料流动到周边区域中,以获得所述区域的预定厚度E。
-加热装置具有接触表面,接触表面旨在与所述区域接触以使得该区域一定量的材料熔融,并通过材料的流动来限定所述区域的形状。因此,可通过同一工具实现加热和流动,这简化制造方法。此外,可以理解,预定厚度E由加热装置所经过的距离和加热装置与支撑件之间的压强限定。
-所述接触表面是大致平坦的,以便获得所述区域的大致平坦的表面,从而获得对雷达波透射性更好的均匀性。
-所述制造方法包括对车身零件的外部面上漆的步骤。施加在零件表面上的漆料尤其包括不同厚度的不同层,例如基漆、底漆和清漆,从而获得用于机动车辆的漆料应用。
-上漆步骤在步骤A和步骤B之间、即在获得所述区域的预定厚度之前实施。然而,该上漆步骤也可在步骤D之后、即在获得所述区域的预定厚度之后实施。
在零件被上漆的情况下,所述区域的预定厚度由所施加的漆料限定。
附图说明
阅读以下仅示例性地提供的参照附图做出的说明,将更好地理解本发明,在附图中:
[图1]图1是机动车辆车身零件的一个示例的示意性立体视图;
[图2]图2是图1的车身零件的后视图;
[图3]图3是根据本发明的一个实施例的图1的车身零件的制造方法的一个步骤的示意图;
[图4]图4是图3所示的实施例的车身零件的制造方法的另一步骤的示意图。
具体实施方式
在图1中示出了用一般性附图标记1指代的根据一个实施例的机动车辆车身零件。
图1示出机动车辆的车身零件,在此为保险杠1,其包括主体10,主体10具有旨在布置在雷达对面的部分11。可理解的是,根据本发明的机动车辆车身零件不限于保险杠,它可涉及其它车身零件,例如车门、车顶、尾门、挡泥板等。
布置在车身零件后方的雷达可以是不同类型的,例如用于近距离障碍物检测的SRR(英文为“short range radar”)和用于辅助驾驶的LRR(英文为“long range radar”)。这些雷达一般在76–77GHz和77–81GHz的频率带中运行。
图2是保险杠1的后视图,示出了旨在布置在雷达对面的区域11和该区域11的周边区域13。区域11具有小于周边区域13的厚度的预定厚度E。根据本发明,预定厚度E选择为使得雷达波在该区域11处的衰减小于雷达波在周边区域13处的衰减。
更具体地说,基于雷达波的衰减和反射/区域厚度的数值对的集合,选择该区域的预定厚度E。该数值对的集合例如通过测量和计算雷达波的衰减和反射或通过仿真模拟获得。
通过在区域11处去除材料来获得预定厚度E,该去除是通过材料流动(法语fluage)来实现的。
如在图1、3和4中可见,车身零件1包括外部面12,其与包括区域11的面相反。该外部面12旨在布置在车辆外部并覆有漆料。由此,当涉及上漆的车身零件时,预定厚度E的选择考虑到以下参数中的至少一个:主体10的材料、区域11的厚度、施加在外部面12上的漆料。
主体的材料选自聚丙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚酰胺、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、共聚酯、丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯共聚物、丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯共聚物和聚碳酸酯的混合物(ABS/PC)、丙烯腈苯乙烯丙烯酸酯共聚物(ASA)、苯乙烯丙烯腈、丙烯腈苯乙烯丙烯酸酯共聚物和聚碳酸酯的混合物、聚碳酸酯和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的混合物、聚丙烯和EPDM的混合物。
有利地,为了获得对雷达波透射性更好的均匀性,区域11具有大致平坦的表面。
在所示示例中,预定厚度E与周边区域的厚度之间的差异为0.1mm至0.5mm。根据另一示例,所述区域11的厚度为2.14mm至2.50mm。
这些数值来自测量雷达波通过不同厚度的上漆零件或零件试样的衰减和反射。
示例性地,能够获得对雷达波的透明性-厚度数值对的衰减和反射测量如下地实施:
-选择具有所期望的颜色的漆料;
-使用该漆料对厚度为E的零件或零件试样上漆,以获得区域11;
-测量雷达波穿过区域11的透射性和反射性;
-选择具有令人满意的对雷达波的透射性特性的一个或多个厚度E;
-根据需要重新开始多次测量,特别是对覆有不同漆料、尤其是不同色调的零件试样或零件实施测量。
由此,对于给定颜色(色调),获得优化雷达波传输的厚度。然后可对于不同颜色重复该方法。由此获得对于给定颜色确保优化雷达波传输的颜色/厚度数值对。正是基于这些数值对,能够对于给定颜色漆料,确定厚度E。
本发明还涉及一种用于制造如上所述的车身零件的方法。该制造方法在图3和4中示出。该方法包括以下步骤:
-基于塑料材料,通过模制制造车身零件的主体10;
-使得一定量的塑料材料流动到区域11之外,以获得如在图4中可见的、区域11的预定厚度E。
根据一个实施例,通过加热装置15,例如加热凸模(其直接发热)或超声波凸模(其发射加热材料的超声波),来实现所述流动。
由此,加热装置15能够使得区域11的一定量的塑料材料熔融并使之流动到区域11外。
根据一个实施例,实施以下步骤:
-A:基于塑料材料,通过模制制造车身零件的主体10,
-B:将车身零件布置在如图3所示的支撑件14上,
-C:将加热装置15布置在区域11附近或区域11中以使得该区域11一定量的材料熔融。在如图4所示示例中,加热装置15布置在区域11中。
-D:使熔融材料流动到周边区域13中,以获得如图4所示的区域11的预定厚度E。
根据该实施例的加热装置15由具有接触表面16的超声波凸模构成,该接触表面16旨在与区域11接触以使得该区域11一定量的材料熔融,并通过使熔融材料17流动到周边区域13中以限定区域11的形状。如在图3和图4中可见,所述接触表面16是大致平坦的。根据其它实施方式,该接触表面16也可具有相当小的曲率,并具有与接触表面的弧度相似的弯曲弧度。加热装置15也可以是发热设备。
可以理解,预定厚度E由加热装置15要经过的距离和加热装置15与支撑件14之间的压强限定。为此,可设置控制单元以根据所期望的预定厚度E控制加热装置15的移位。
有利地,所述制造方法包括在外部面12上上漆的步骤。可在所述步骤A和B之间,即在获得所述区域的预定厚度之前;或在步骤D之后,即在获得所述区域的预定厚度之后,实施该上漆步骤。在零件被上漆的情况下,所述区域的预定厚度取决于所施加的漆料。
本发明不限于所说明的实施例,对于本领域技术人员,其它实施方式会是明显的。
附图标记清单
1:车身零件
10:主体
11:区域
12:外部面
13:周边区域
14:支撑件
15:加热装置
16:接触表面
17:熔融材料。
Claims (15)
1.一种机动车辆的车身零件(1),其包括主体(10),该主体包括旨在布置在雷达对面的区域(11)和该区域(11)的周边区域(13),其特征在于,所述区域(11)具有比所述周边区域(13)的厚度更小的预定厚度(E),所述预定厚度(E)被选择为使得雷达波在所述区域(11)处的衰减小于所述雷达波在所述周边区域(13)处的衰减,所述预定厚度(E)是通过在所述区域(11)处去除材料获得的。
2.如权利要求1所述的车身零件(1),其中,所述区域(11)的厚度从漆料颜色/厚度数值对集合中选择,以确保对于所述漆料颜色雷达波的最优传输。
3.如权利要求2所述的车身零件(1),其中,所述预定厚度(E)的选择考虑到以下参数中的至少一个:所述主体(10)的材料、施加在外部面(12)上的漆料。
4.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的车身零件(1),其中,所述预定厚度(E)与所述周边区域(13)的厚度之间的差异介于0.1mm至0.5mm。
5.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的车身零件(1),其中,所述区域的厚度介于2.14mm至2.5mm。
6.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的车身零件(1),其中,所述区域(11)具有大致平坦的表面。
7.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的车身零件(1),其中,所述主体(10)的材料选自聚丙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚酰胺、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)、共聚酯、丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯共聚物、丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯共聚物和聚碳酸酯的混合物(ABS/PC)、丙烯腈苯乙烯丙烯酸酯共聚物(ASA)、苯乙烯丙烯腈、丙烯腈苯乙烯丙烯酸酯共聚物和聚碳酸酯的混合物、聚碳酸酯和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的混合物、聚丙烯和EPDM的混合物。
8.一种用于制造如上述权利要求中任一项所述的车身零件(1)的制造方法,其包括以下步骤:
-基于塑料材料,通过模制制造所述车身零件(1)的主体(10);
-使一定量的塑料材料流动到所述区域(11)之外,以获得所述区域(11)的预定厚度(E)。
9.如权利要求8所述的制造方法,其中,通过加热装置(15),例如加热凸模或超声波凸模,来实现所述流动。
10.如权利要求9所述的制造方法,其中,所述加热装置(15)具有接触表面(16),所述接触表面(16)旨在与所述区域(11)接触以使得该区域(11)一定量的材料熔融,并通过所述材料的流动来限定所述区域(11)的形状。
11.如权利要求10所述的制造方法,其中,所述接触表面(16)是大致平坦的。
12.如权利要求8至11中任一项所述的制造方法,所述制造方法包括对所述车身零件(1)的外部面(12)上漆的步骤。
13.如权利要求12所述的制造方法,其中,实施以下步骤:
-A:基于塑料材料,通过模制制造所述车身零件的主体(10),
-B:将所述车身零件布置在支撑件(14)上,
-C:将加热装置(15)布置在所述区域附近或所述区域(11)中以使得该区域(11)一定量的材料熔融,
-D:使所述熔融材料流动到所述周边区域(13)中,以获得所述区域(11)的预定厚度(E)。
14.如权利要求13所述的制造方法,其中,在所述步骤A和步骤B之间实施上漆步骤。
15.如权利要求13所述的制造方法,其中,在所述步骤D之后实施上漆步骤。
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