CN114652846B - 酶敏感、肿瘤主动靶向以及胞内快速释药的聚合物前药及制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

酶敏感、肿瘤主动靶向以及胞内快速释药的聚合物前药及制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN114652846B
CN114652846B CN202210263422.2A CN202210263422A CN114652846B CN 114652846 B CN114652846 B CN 114652846B CN 202210263422 A CN202210263422 A CN 202210263422A CN 114652846 B CN114652846 B CN 114652846B
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潘杰
万冬
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Abstract

本发明公开了酶敏感、肿瘤主动靶向以及胞内快速释药的聚合物前药及制备方法和应用,酶敏感、肿瘤主动靶向以及胞内快速释药的聚合物前药,其特征是如式(I)所示:本发明的酶敏感、肿瘤主动靶向以及胞内快速释药的聚合物前药通过在DOX表面引入亲水性高分子聚合物TPGS(TPGS为维生素E聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯的简写),提高DOX体内血液循环中稳定性;并将多个功能整合到一个系统中,能够针对不同的给药阶段作出不同的响应,显著提高DOX化疗的抗癌效果,降低其毒副作用。

Description

酶敏感、肿瘤主动靶向以及胞内快速释药的聚合物前药及制 备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明主要涉及药物技术领域,具体涉及一种酶敏感、肿瘤主动靶向以及胞内快速释药TPGS-GPLGVRGDGDEVD-DOX聚合物前药,以及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
近年来,癌症已成为世界上导致人类死亡的重要原因,但传统抗癌药物普遍存在体内半衰期短、毒副作用大、选择性差的缺点,因此研发出能够对肿瘤微环境响应的、以及能够主动靶向肿瘤细胞的药物载体系统成为目前研究的热点。近些年来,为了进一步改善药物在肿瘤部位的药代动力学和累积、提高细胞对抗癌药物的摄取以及减少药物对机体的毒副作用,针对肿瘤独特微环境和肿瘤表面特有的受体,研究人员设计了多种酶敏感或主动靶向肿瘤细胞的纳米药物载体。但是传统的纳米药物载体也存在着一些弊端,例如虽然基于EPR效应设计的药物载体能够在肿瘤部位被动富集,但是药物载体不易穿透肿瘤组织,因此药物载体在设计时为了延长其在体内的循环时间,往往会使用聚乙二醇等对载体表面进行修饰,然而修饰聚乙二醇不利于药物的细胞内化,导致抗癌药物效果不佳。
阿霉素(Doxorubicin,简称DOX)是蒽环类广谱抗癌药物,是临床常用的一种抗肿瘤药物,但存在水溶性差、稳定性差、容易产生耐药性、毒副作用大等缺点,使其在临床应用上受到极大限制。
发明内容
本发明的目的克服现有技术的不足,提供酶敏感、肿瘤主动靶向以及胞内快速释药的聚合物前药。
本发明的第二个目的是提供酶敏感、肿瘤主动靶向以及胞内快速释药的聚合物前药的制备方法。
本发明的第三个目的是提供酶敏感、肿瘤主动靶向以及胞内快速释药的聚合物前药在制备抗癌药物中的应用。
本发明的技术方案概述如下:
酶敏感、肿瘤主动靶向以及胞内快速释药的聚合物前药,如式I所示:
其中n=23-364,优选n=76;简写为TPGS-GPLGVRGDGDEVD-DOX。
酶敏感、肿瘤主动靶向以及胞内快速释药的聚合物前药的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将α-TOS、聚乙二醇二胺、NHS和DCC溶于二氯甲烷反应,通过0.45μm的有机膜过滤,在滤液中加入乙醚,有沉淀析出,离心,沉淀用去离子水透析,冷冻干燥得到TPGS-NH2
(2)将TPGS-NH2、戊二酸、NHS、DCC溶于有机溶剂,室温下通入氮气反应,反应结束后,依次用有机溶剂和去离子水透析,冷冻干燥;得到TPGS-COOH;
其中:聚乙二醇二胺中聚乙二醇分子的聚合度n=23-364;
(3)将TPGS-COOH、NHS和DCC溶解于有机溶剂中,在室温下通入氮气反应,反应结束后,通过0.45μm的有机膜过滤,得到第二种滤液;将多肽GPLGVRGDGDEVD溶解于有机溶剂中,加入到第二种滤液中,在室温下反应,依次用有机溶剂和去离子水透析,冷冻干燥;得到TPGS-GPLGVRGDGDEVD;
(4)将TPGS-GPLGVRGDGDEVD、NHS、DCC,溶于有机溶剂中,室温下反应,反应结束后,通过0.45μm的有机膜过滤,得到第三种滤液;将DOX溶解于有机溶剂中,加入到第三种滤液中反应,通过0.45μm的有机膜过滤,得到第四种滤液,第四种滤液再依次用有机溶剂和去离子水透析,冷冻干燥,得到酶敏感、肿瘤主动靶向以及胞内快速释药的聚合物前药TPGS-GPLGVRGDGDEVD-DOX;
所述α-TOS是α-生育酚琥珀酸酯的简写;
NHS是N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺的简写;
DCC是N,N'-二环己基碳二亚胺的简写;
TPGS-NH2是末端氨基化的维生素E聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯的简写;
TPGS-COOH是末端羧基化的维生素E聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯的简写;
DOX为阿霉素的简写。
所述有机溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、四氢呋喃或二甲基亚砜。
所述聚乙二醇二胺中聚乙二醇分子的聚合度n=76。
酶敏感、肿瘤主动靶向以及胞内快速释药的聚合物前药在制备抗癌药物中的应用。本发明的优点:
(1)本发明的酶敏感、肿瘤主动靶向以及胞内快速释药的聚合物前药(简式如TPGS-GPLGVRGDGDEVD-DOX)通过在DOX表面引入亲水性高分子聚合物TPGS(TPGS为维生素E聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯的简写),提高DOX体内血液循环中稳定性;
(2)本发明的TPGS-GPLGVRGDGDEVD-DOX将多个功能整合到一个系统中,能够针对不同的给药阶段作出不同的响应,显著提高DOX化疗的抗癌效果,降低其毒副作用。
附图说明
图1为本发明TPGS-GPLGVRGDGDEVD-DOX的核磁共振氢谱图;
图2为实施例2制备的载DOX的抗肿瘤胶束透射电镜图;
图3为给药情况下小鼠的肿瘤体积变化;
图4为给药情况下小鼠的体重变化。
具体实施方式
各实施例中的:
NHS是N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺的简写;
DCC是N,N'-二环己基碳二亚胺的简写;
α-TOS是α-生育酚琥珀酸酯的简写;
TPGS-NH2是末端氨基化的维生素E聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯的简写;
TPGS-COOH是末端羧基化的维生素E聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯的简写;
DOX为阿霉素的简写;
TPGS-GPLGVRGDGDEVD-DOX为酶敏感、肿瘤主动靶向以及胞内快速释药的聚合物前药的简写。
下面通过具体实施例对本发明作进一步的说明,但不以任何方式限制本发明,与该领域相关的普通人员,对本发明进行的一些非本质的调整和改进,仍属于本发明的保护范围。
以下实施例中:
α-生育酚琥珀酸酯,聚乙二醇二胺购自北京凯正联合医药有限公司,
NHS,DCC和盐酸阿霉素(简写DOX·HCL)购自北京华奉联博化学材料有限公司;
所用氨基酸购自上海吉尔生化;
多肽GPLGVRGDGDEVD)由本实验室按照固相法合成。
BALB/c小鼠(6周龄,雌性)购自斯贝福(北京)生物技术有限公司,饲养于中国医学科学放射医学研究所动物实验中心,SPF级别。所有动物都严格按照国家《实验动物管理条例》进行,并且遵循实验动物伦理保护章程。(批准号:SCXK(京)2014-0004)。
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
酶敏感、肿瘤主动靶向以及胞内快速释药功能聚合物前药的制备方法,其中的酶敏感、肿瘤主动靶向以及胞内快速释药功能聚合物前药的结构如式I所示:
式I简写为:TPGS-GPLGVRGDGDEVD-DOX表示,式I中的n为76。
具体的步骤为:
(1)将α-TOS,1mmol、聚乙二醇二胺(NH2-PEGn-NH2)1.2mmol,(其中聚乙二醇的聚合度n为76)、NHS,1.2mmol和DCC,1.2mmol溶于5mL二氯甲烷中,室温下反应48小时,通过0.45μm的有机膜过滤,在滤液中加入乙醚,有沉淀析出,离心,沉淀用去离子水透析,冷冻干燥得到TPGS-NH2
(2)再称取TPGS-NH2,1mmol、戊二酸,1.2mmol、NHS,1.2mmol和DCC,1.2mmol;溶于5mL二甲基亚砜中,室温下通入氮气反应24小时后,反应结束后,依次用二甲基亚砜和去离子水透析,冷冻干燥;得到TPGS-COOH;
(3)将TPGS-COOH,1mmol、NHS,1.2mmol和DCC,1.2mmol溶于二甲基亚砜中,室温下通入氮气反应24小时,反应结束后,通过0.45μm的有机膜过滤,得到第二种滤液;将多肽GPLGVRGDGDEVD,1.2mmol溶解于5mL二甲基亚砜中,加入到第二种滤液中,在室温下反应24小时,依次用二甲基亚砜和去离子水透析,冷冻干燥;得到TPGS-GPLGVRGDGDEVD;
(4)将TPGS-GPLGVRGDGDEVD,1mmol、NHS,1.2mmol、DCC、1.2mmol,溶于二甲基亚砜中,室温下反应12小时,反应结束后,通过0.45μm的有机膜过滤,得到第三种滤液,将DOX,2mmol溶解于二甲基亚砜中,加入到第三种滤液中,55℃反应10小时,再在室温下搅拌12小时,通过0.45μm的有机膜过滤,得到第四种滤液,第四种滤液再依次用二甲基亚砜和去离子水透析,冷冻干燥,得到酶敏感、肿瘤主动靶向以及胞内快速释药的聚合物前药TPGS-GPLGVRGDGDEVD-DOX。透析的透析袋(MWCO 3500)。
上述合成路线如下:
其中:TPGS中聚乙二醇的聚合度n为76,也可以在23-364之间选任一整数值。
通过核磁共振氢谱1H-NMR表征TPGS-GPLGVRGDGDEVD-DOX的结构,从图1可以看出化学位移3.65ppm为PEG中-CH2CH2O-特征峰,-CH3的化学位移位于1.04-1.25ppm、-NH-为5.94ppm,-CH2-为1.89-1.91ppm。0.81-0.85ppm为TPGS中甲基和亚甲基等特征峰所在位置,阿霉素中特征峰-CH2-分别在2.00-2.06ppm和3.21-3.25ppm。通过核磁检测特征峰的存在证明成功制备了TPGS-GPLGVRGDGDEVD-DOX(TPGS-GPLGVRGDGDEVD-DOX见式I)。
用N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、四氢呋喃替代本实施例中的二甲基亚砜,其它同本实施例,制备出酶敏感、肿瘤主动靶向以及胞内快速释药的聚合物前药。
实施例2
载DOX的抗肿瘤胶束的制备方法:包括如下步骤:
称量实施例1制备的TPGS-GPLGVRGDGDEVD-DOX,10mg,取DOX,1mg于25mL圆底烧瓶中,加入2mL二氯甲烷为溶剂,超声30秒充分溶解,400r/min磁力搅拌30分钟后,把溶液转移到旋转蒸发仪中,旋转蒸发除去有机溶剂直至圆底烧瓶出现一层薄膜,加入2mL去离子水,超声5分钟,然后再磁力搅拌30分钟,转移至注射器,用0.45μm的滤膜过滤至离心管中,离心除去未形成胶束的原料,冷冻干燥得到载DOX的抗肿瘤胶束;整个过程需要在避光室温的环境下。
其透射电镜图如图2所示,图中给出的标尺为200nm。
TPGS-GPLGVRGDGDEVD-DOX与DOX重量比为也可以为(2:1),(4:1)或(5:1),按本实施例的步骤,制备出相应的载DOX的抗肿瘤胶束。
实施例3
为了更好地考察本发明在生物体内抑制恶性肿瘤方面的效果,在小鼠体内建立4T1乳腺癌移植模型,然后分别注射实施例2制备的载DOX的抗肿瘤胶束、临床中应用的阿霉素注射液和PBS。
具体方法和步骤:在BALB/c 6周龄雌性小鼠皮下接种4T1小鼠乳腺癌细胞,接种第7天后,当小鼠的肿瘤体积达到50~100mm3时,将小鼠随机分为3组,每组5只,每只剪耳标记,具体分组如下:
1.空白对照组(PBS组):尾静脉注射100μL的PBS;
2.阿霉素组:通过尾静脉注射100μL浓度为1mg/mL的DOX·HCl的溶液(溶剂为PBS);
3.实验组:通过尾静脉注射100μL实施例2制备的载DOX的抗肿瘤胶束(简称胶束)的溶液(溶剂为PBS),其中DOX当量浓度为1mg/mL。
从打药的当天记为第0天,每4天注射一次药,共给4次(0,4,8,12)。从第0天开始,每隔一天用电子天平称量小鼠的体重,并用游标卡尺测量小鼠肿瘤垂直方向上的两个直径,分别作为肿瘤的长和宽,按照公式V=L×W2/2计算肿瘤的体积(V表示肿瘤的体积,L代表肿瘤较长的直径,W代表肿瘤较短的直径);记录相关数据,判断不同药物对小鼠生长状况的影响及肿瘤的抑制作用;
在治疗期间,发现PBS组肿瘤生长快速;阿霉素组的小鼠肿瘤体积增长较PBS组生长稍慢,但体重下降明显,状态过差;实验组(胶束组)小鼠的肿瘤体积几乎不增长,停止给药后肿瘤也没有复发的迹象,实验过程中小鼠状态正常。第28天后,实验结束;
从治疗开始到治疗结束共28天,期间小鼠肿瘤体积变化如图3所示,小鼠体重变化如图4所示。治疗第28天处死PBS组、阿霉素组和实验组时,PBS组肿瘤体积增长了47.71倍,体重变化不明显;阿霉素组肿瘤体积增长了18.50倍,体重下降明显,说明该药物对生物体产生较大毒性;而实验组治疗28天时,肿瘤体积仅为初始体积的3.52倍,且小鼠体重变化不大,说明该药物抑制肿瘤生长的作用显著,对生物体正常组织的毒性小,安全性高。
本发明通过TPGS-GPLGVRGDGDEVD-DOX自组装形成胶束,制备胶束时通过游离DOX与TPGS-GPLGVRGDGDEVD-DOX的DOX之间的π-π堆积(π-πstacking)作用,将游离DOX通过物理方式包埋到胶束的疏水内核中,既能够由于分子间作用使其形成的胶束内核更加紧密,减少临界聚集浓度(CAC)并在注射时保持胶束结构,有利于胶束在生理条件下有较好的稳定性,又能够提高整个递送系统的载药量,提高治疗效果;
本发明利用TPGS冠层修饰胶束,能够延长药物在血液循环系统中的滞留时间,从而通过EPR效应更多地在肿瘤部位聚集;胶束暴露于肿瘤组织处高表达基质金属蛋白酶MMP2后,多肽序列GPLGVRGDGDEVD能够在G和V处被切断并脱掉TPGS外壳,胶束的尺寸快速减小;暴露出靶向RGD配体的肽序列(VRGDG),与肿瘤细胞表面过度表达的αvβ3受体结合,具有主动靶向肿瘤细胞的能力,能够增强细胞对胶束的摄取,胞内在激活的凋亡蛋白酶3作用下,剪切DEVD释放前药端DOX,从而将胶束中化学键合及物理包埋的DOX更多地在细胞内进行释放,表现出显著的肿瘤靶向作用,同时减少对生物体正常组织的毒副作用。
本发明通过上述实施例来说明本发明的酶敏感、肿瘤主动靶向以及胞内快速释药的聚合物前药及制备方法及应用,但本发明并不局限于上述实施例,即不意味着本发明必须依赖上述实施例才能实施。所属技术领域的技术人员应该明了,对本发明的任何改进,对本发明所选用原料的等效替换及辅助成分的添加、具体方式的选择等,均落在本发明的保护范围和公开范围之内。

Claims (6)

1.酶敏感、肿瘤主动靶向以及胞内快速释药的聚合物前药,其特征是如式(I)所示:
其中n=23-364,简写为TPGS-GPLGVRGDGDEVD-DOX。
2.根据权利要求1所述聚合物前药,其特征是所述n=76。
3.权利要求1或2的酶敏感、肿瘤主动靶向以及胞内快速释药的聚合物前药的制备方法,其特征是包括如下步骤:
(1)将α-TOS、聚乙二醇二胺、NHS和DCC溶于二氯甲烷反应,通过0.45μm的有机膜过滤,在滤液中加入乙醚,有沉淀析出,离心,沉淀用去离子水透析,冷冻干燥得到TPGS-NH2
(2)将TPGS-NH2、戊二酸、NHS、DCC溶于有机溶剂,室温下通入氮气反应,反应结束后,依次用有机溶剂和去离子水透析,冷冻干燥;得到TPGS-COOH;
其中:聚乙二醇二胺中聚乙二醇分子的聚合度n=23-364;
(3)将TPGS-COOH、NHS和DCC溶解于有机溶剂中,在室温下通入氮气反应,反应结束后,通过0.45μm的有机膜过滤,得到第二种滤液;将多肽GPLGVRGDGDEVD溶解于有机溶剂中,加入到第二种滤液中,在室温下反应,依次用有机溶剂和去离子水透析,冷冻干燥;得到TPGS-GPLGVRGDGDEVD;
(4)将TPGS-GPLGVRGDGDEVD、NHS、DCC,溶于有机溶剂中,室温下反应,反应结束后,通过0.45μm的有机膜过滤,得到第三种滤液;将DOX溶解于有机溶剂中,加入到第三种滤液中反应,通过0.45μm的有机膜过滤,得到第四种滤液,第四种滤液再依次用有机溶剂和去离子水透析,冷冻干燥,得到酶敏感、肿瘤主动靶向以及胞内快速释药的聚合物前药,简写为:TPGS-GPLGVRGDGDEVD-DOX。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征是所述有机溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、四氢呋喃或二甲基亚砜。
5.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征是所述聚乙二醇二胺中聚乙二醇分子的聚合度n=76。
6.权利要求1或2的酶敏感、肿瘤主动靶向以及胞内快速释药的聚合物前药在制备抗癌药物中的应用。
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