CN114650880A - 钼酸铋基催化剂、其制备方法和该催化剂在丙烯氧化成丙烯醛中的用途 - Google Patents
钼酸铋基催化剂、其制备方法和该催化剂在丙烯氧化成丙烯醛中的用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114650880A CN114650880A CN202080055816.8A CN202080055816A CN114650880A CN 114650880 A CN114650880 A CN 114650880A CN 202080055816 A CN202080055816 A CN 202080055816A CN 114650880 A CN114650880 A CN 114650880A
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrolein Chemical compound C=CC=O HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- DKUYEPUUXLQPPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibismuth;molybdenum;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Mo].[Mo].[Bi+3].[Bi+3] DKUYEPUUXLQPPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 title abstract description 25
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
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- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdate Chemical compound [O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
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- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
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- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylacrylonitrile Chemical compound CC(=C)C#N GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
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- QGAVSDVURUSLQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium heptamolybdate Chemical compound N.N.N.N.N.N.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Mo].[Mo].[Mo].[Mo].[Mo].[Mo].[Mo] QGAVSDVURUSLQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 3
- RXPAJWPEYBDXOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron;methyl 4-methoxypyridine-2-carboxylate;chloride Chemical compound Cl.COC(=O)C1=CC(OC)=CC=N1 RXPAJWPEYBDXOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000001967 indiganyl group Chemical group [H][In]([H])[*] 0.000 description 2
- VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum trioxide Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- QYIGOGBGVKONDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-bromo-5-chlorophenyl)-3-methylpyrazole Chemical compound N1=C(C)C=CN1C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1Br QYIGOGBGVKONDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000497 Amalgam Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HWSISDHAHRVNMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bismuth subnitrate Chemical compound O[NH+]([O-])O[Bi](O[N+]([O-])=O)O[N+]([O-])=O HWSISDHAHRVNMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910017354 Fe2(MoO4)3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-methionine Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910005809 NiMoO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Natural products N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019728 animal nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960001482 bismuth subnitrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O UFMZWBIQTDUYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGUAJWGNOXCYJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt dinitrate hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Co+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O QGUAJWGNOXCYJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001981 cobalt nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PPNKDDZCLDMRHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dinitrooxybismuthanyl nitrate Chemical compound [Bi+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O PPNKDDZCLDMRHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930182817 methionine Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010405 reoxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
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- TVXXNOYZHKPKGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium molybdate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O TVXXNOYZHKPKGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种生产多相混合氧化物催化剂的方法,该催化剂包含至少一种基于钼酸铋的活性相和一种基于钼酸铁以及钴和镍两种元素中的至少一种的助催化剂,所述方法包括以下步骤:在溶剂中制备所述混合氧化物的前体混合物,通过微波辅助水热反应使所述前体反应,和分离所述混合氧化物以获得催化剂。本发明的主题由这样制备的催化剂和催化系统以及该催化剂和该催化剂系统的用途特别是在丙烯氧化成丙烯醛中的用途组成。
Description
本发明涉及一种制备基于钼酸铋的多相混合氧化物催化剂的方法,以这种方式获得的催化剂和催化系统,以及它们在不同氧化反应中的用途。
根据本发明的催化剂或催化系统的性能在下文中在丙烯到丙烯醛的受控氧化反应中阐述。这些并不局限于此,特别在丁烯氧化脱氢成丁二烯、异丁烯氧化成甲基丙烯醛、丙烯氨氧化成丙烯腈和异丁烯氨氧化成甲基丙烯腈中是令人感兴趣的。所有这些众所周知的反应都是以工业规模上实施,因为它们为有机合成中必不可少的许多聚合物和前体的生产提供了源单体。因此,它们一直是旨在改善其性能和减少其生态影响的研究对象。
下文表示的丙烯的受控氧化产生丙烯醛,丙烯醛是合成甲硫氨酸及其衍生物的中间体,广泛用于动物营养。
[化学式1]
它是在多相混合氧化物催化剂的存在下进行的,该催化剂由至少四种金属元素组成:钼和铋,其形成钼酸铋的选择性相,以及氧化态+2的金属(通常为Ni或Co)和氧化态+3的金属(通常为铁)与钼的组合,其形成通过促进催化剂的再氧化而大大增强催化活性的相。因此,它满足由作为掺杂元素和/或以氧化物或钼酸盐的形式存在的各种元素完成的最小化学式Mo(Co/Ni)FeBiO,以改善催化剂的性能,例如选择性、热稳定性、机械稳定性…
文献US2019/076829A1描述了这样的催化剂,尤其是满足以下化学式的催化剂:
Mo12Bi1-4Co4-10Fe1-4Ni0-4K0-2Ox
以及它的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
以适当的含量制备催化剂的各元素的前体的水性混合物以达到化学计量,
在将混合物的pH设定为5.5-8.5之后,所述前体在高压釜中在100℃至600℃的温度下通过水热反应反应5.5小时至48.5小时,然后
回收催化剂。
这样的制备需要长的反应时间,作者开发了一种通过用微波辅助水热反应代替上述水热反应来生产上述类型催化剂的方法。他们已经发现,在允许显著减少反应持续时间的同时,所获得的催化剂具有意想不到的特性,从而赋予其更好的性能,特别是更高的反应性。
因此,本发明涉及一种生产多相混合氧化物催化剂的方法,该催化剂包含至少一种基于钼酸铋的活性相和一种基于钼酸铁以及钴和镍两种元素中的至少一种的助催化剂,所述方法包括以下步骤:
在溶剂中制备所述混合氧化物的前体的混合物,
通过微波辅助水热反应使所述前体反应,和
分离所述混合氧化物以获得催化剂。
根据本发明的微波应理解为介于红外线和无线电波之间的中间辐射,即频率在800和3000MHz之间的波。在实践中,由于并非所有的波长都被允许,因此优选的是用于工业应用的真空波长为约12cm,即频率为约2450Mhz的家用微波,以及主要用于工业应用的真空波长为约33cm,即频率为约915MHz的微波,但本发明不限于此。
下文将更详细地描述该方法,以下特征可以单独考虑或以任何组合考虑。
根据本发明方法的具体实施方式,所述前体通过微波辅助水热反应分两步反应,即:第一微波辅助水热反应和第二微波辅助水热反应,在这两个步骤之间,由第一微波辅助水热反应获得的反应混合物的pH设定为8-8.5。
更具体地,在第一合成步骤中,加入所述前体并通过第一微波辅助水热反应进行反应,在第二合成步骤中,优选将反应介质的pH设定为8-8.5的值,并进行第二微波辅助水热反应,然后分离微波催化剂。
微波辅助水热反应优选在不超过300℃,有利地150-240℃的温度下进行。
如前所述,反应时间显著缩短,并且如果微波辅助水热反应可以在2分钟至10小时、几小时内、甚至仅仅几分钟内进行,则反应可以几乎完成。
任选地,根据本发明的方法制备的催化剂具有以下特征,这些特征可以单独考虑或以任何组合考虑:
它进一步包含氧化钼;
它是负载型的;在本发明的方法中,有利地在微波辅助水热反应之前加入一种或多种载体材料,例如二氧化硅、氧化铝、它们的混合物;当然,根据本发明方法获得的非负载型催化剂可以随后根据本领域技术人员熟知的任何技术进行负载;
催化剂的活性相满足以下化学计量:BixMoyOz,其中2>x/y>0.5,z在6至12之间;更优选地,该化学计量选自Bi2Mo3O12、Bi2Mo2O9和Bi2MoO6;
催化剂的活性相被至少一种碱金属,优选至少钾活化;在有利的生产方式中,只有催化剂的活性相被一种或多种碱金属如钾活化;
助催化剂满足以下化学计量:FexCo1-xMoO4,其中x是小数,使得0<x<1,优选使得0.5≤x≤0.9;
该催化剂满足化学式MomConNipFeqBirMs,其中M是碱金属,m、n、p、q、r和s是整数或小数,m从1到5变化,n和p彼此独立地从0到1变化,n+p不等于0,0<q≤1,0<r≤3且0<q≤0.2。
本发明还涉及以这种方式获得的催化剂。
在本发明方法的特定实施方式中:
一方面制备活性相前体在溶剂中的混合物,另一方面制备助催化剂前体在相同溶剂或另一种溶剂中的混合物;
活性相前体和助催化剂前体分别通过微波辅助水热反应进行反应;
分别分离活性相和助催化剂;和
组装活性相和助催化剂以得到催化剂。
优选地,混合氧化物的前体混合物在选自水、有机溶剂和所述有机溶剂之间或与水的任何组合中的一种或多种溶剂中获得。
根据该实施方式,催化剂可以是负载型的,然后所述方法包括添加一种或多种载体材料,和/或催化剂可以包括氧化钼,所述方法还包括添加氧化钼,所述载体材料和/或氧化钼的添加在活性相和助催化剂的合成或组装期间进行以获得催化剂。氧化钼一方面使得能够补偿钼随时间蒸发的损失,从而使活性相和助催化剂保持在最佳状态,另一方面能够润湿活性相和抑制非选择性位点。当然,可以加入允许改善催化剂性能的任何其他相。
活性相和助催化剂中的每一个(其可以包括前面提到的任何其他相)通常以粉末的形式获得。为了获得催化剂,其组装可以通过能够实现最完全汞齐的任何方式来完成。因此,它可以通过共研磨或任何其他复合技术进行。同样在该步骤中,可以添加任何其他相或一种或多种载体材料。
如前所述,该方法使得能够生产混合的且多相的氧化物催化剂,该催化剂已被证明在许多催化反应中是有效的,包括:丙烯氧化成丙烯醛、丁烯氧化脱氢成丁二烯、异丁烯氧化成甲基丙烯醛、丙烯氨氧化成丙烯腈和异丁烯氨氧化成甲基丙烯腈。
本发明还涉及一种催化系统,其分别包含至少一种基于钼酸铋的活性相和一种基于钼酸铁以及钴和镍中的至少一种的助催化剂。使用时,如前所述组装分离的相,例如通过共研磨。
可以根据上述方法获得的这种催化系统包括以下单独考虑或以任何组合考虑的有利特征:
活性相满足以下化学计量:BixMoyOz,其中2>x/y>0.5,z在6至12之间;优选地,该化学计量选自以下:Bi2Mo3O12、Bi2Mo2O9和Bi2MoO6;
活性相被至少一种碱金属,优选至少钾活化;有利地,只有该相被碱金属活化;
助催化剂满足以下化学计量:FexCo1-xMoO4,其中x是小数,使得0<x<1,优选使得0.5≤x≤0.9;
相对于催化系统的重量,活性相含量低于或等于50重量%,优选地从10%至45%变化。
本发明还涉及上文定义的催化系统的任何用途,特别是用于以下催化反应中的至少一种的用途:丙烯氧化成丙烯醛,丁烯氧化脱氢成丁二烯,异丁烯氧化成甲基丙烯醛,丙烯氨氧化成丙烯腈和异丁烯氨氧化成甲基丙烯腈。
为了说明本发明不同目的的实施方式,定义了一些术语/表达。
混合氧化物的前体在溶剂中的混合物,应特别理解为所述前体在溶剂中的溶液或悬浮液。
催化剂或其任何相(特别是活性相或助催化剂)的分离,应理解为本领域技术人员熟知的所有处理操作,例如从液体水热反应介质中回收、洗涤、干燥,以及导致催化剂或其任何相分离的任何其他处理,以将其用于催化反应。
在以下实施例中,将本发明的催化剂和本发明的催化系统的活性与所谓的工业催化剂,即通过煅烧制备的催化剂的活性进行比较。其生产方法如下:
七钼酸铵(NH4)6Mo7O24被用作钼前体,而除阳离子外的所有其他金属均以硝酸盐的形式添加。由于前体在水中的溶解度非常高,因此容易获得所需的浓度范围。此外,由于硝酸铋立即水解成不溶于水的硝酸氧铋,Bi5O(OH)9(NO3)4,并且为了促进几乎不溶于水的铋的完全溶解,通过将2g酒石酸溶解在100ml预先用1.5ml硝酸(65%)酸化的软化水中来制备第一溶液。加入硝酸铋后,将溶液加热至60℃并保持搅拌30分钟,直到获得无色透明的溶液。按此顺序添加硝酸盐形式的铁、钴和钾,并且每种新盐都在前一种盐完全溶解后添加。最后,溶液1和2在搅拌下混合,并在60℃下保持3小时。所得悬浮液在120℃的炉中完全蒸发。最后,将所得产物在350℃下煅烧2小时以分解残留的硝酸盐,然后以5℃/min的速度加热至500℃并在该温度下保持2小时。
实施例1:通过微波辅助水热反应合成本发明的催化剂
制备的催化剂符合化学式BiMoFeCoK,其制备如下:
将乙酸铋(或硝酸铋)、硝酸铁和硝酸钴(或/和硝酸镍)溶解在10ml H2O中,形成溶液1。接下来,将化学计量量的七钼酸铵溶解在10ml H2O中,形成溶液2。之后,将溶液1缓慢加入溶液2中,形成悬浮液,并在搅拌下保持1小时。通过补充HNO3或NH4OH将混合物的pH设置为1.8。然后,通过微波照射将悬浮液加热至150℃并在该温度下保持10分钟(第一步)。第一步完成后,加入KOH,并通过加入32%的氨水将混合物碱化至pH 8.5。然后,通过微波照射将悬浮液加热至200℃并在该温度下保持30分钟。通过离心回收所得的固体,用10ml H2O洗涤两次,用10ml乙醇洗涤一次,最后在120℃干燥16小时。
测试了以下变量:溶剂、pH、反应时间(2分钟至96小时)、照射温度(150-240℃)、化学计量BixFeyCozNicMobKa,其中0≤a、b、c、x、y、z≤15。
该方法的一个实施方式如下表1所示:
[表1]
实施例2:通过微波辅助水热反应合成本发明的催化系统
工业催化剂目前含有几种典型相:MoO3、Bi2Mo3O12、Fe2(MoO4)3、FexCo1-xMoO4、NiMoO4、Bi2Mo2O9……
两种最有用的相是FexCo1-xMoO4和Bi2Mo3O12。由于铁II氧化成铁III,铁/钴/钼混合相很难通过沉淀/煅烧法合成,因此不能考虑以工业规模合成该相。实际上,总是形成Fe2(MoO4)3。
根据本发明的涉及微波辅助水热合成的方法合成这两种相是可能的,其允许通过以下方案避免铁的氧化:
Bi2Mo3O12
硝酸铋和硝酸溶解在150ml双蒸水中。通过将七钼酸铵溶于100mL双蒸水制备第二溶液。然后,将两种溶液混合,将所得混合物在300rpm搅拌下保持10分钟,通过添加氢氧化铵将pH设置为1,然后将其转移到1L聚四氟乙烯小瓶中,用微波照射。
微波辅助水热合成在150℃下进行10分钟。用微波处理后,通过以3000rpm离心来回收收集的产物,然后用去离子水和乙醇洗涤两次。最后,样品在90℃下干燥8小时。
FexCo1-xMoO4,其中0.5<x<0.9
将钼酸钠的第一溶液溶解在250mL双蒸H2O中。然后,将氯化铁II和六水合硝酸钴溶解在250ml的三甘醇中。然后,将两种溶液混合,所得溶液在300rpm搅拌下保持10分钟。然后,将溶液转移到1L聚四氟乙烯小瓶中,微波照射。微波辅助水热合成在150℃下进行10min。用微波处理后,通过以3000rpm离心来回收收集的产物,然后用水和乙醇洗涤两次。最后,样品在90℃下干燥8小时。
实施例3:
在该实施例中,通过微波制备的催化剂在丙烯到丙烯醛的受控氧化反应中进行了测试,并在等质量下与通过煅烧制备的工业催化剂进行了比较。催化剂的化学计量为:Mo12Co7.12Fe1.8Bi0.65Kx。
测试在由C3H6/O2/N2:1/1.5/8.6构成的气流下进行,总气体流速为60ml/min,催化剂为250mg,温度为350℃。下表2提供了在气流下48h后的丙烯转化率和丙烯醛选择性。
[表2]
工业催化剂 | 微波催化剂 | |
丙烯转化率 | 11% | 34% |
丙烯醛选择性 | 94% | 92% |
实施例4
在该实施例中,在丙烯到丙烯醛的受控氧化反应中,对通过微波制备并具有不同的Mo化学计量的催化剂进行了相互比较。
测试在由C3H6/O2/N2:1/1.5/8.6构成的气流下进行,总气体流速为60ml/min,催化剂为250mg,温度为350℃。下表3提供了在气流下48h后的丙烯转化率和丙烯醛选择性。
[表3]
实施例5
在该实施例中,在丙烯到丙烯醛的受控氧化反应中,对通过微波制备并具有不同的Bi化学计量的催化剂进行了相互比较。
测试在由C3H6/O2/N2:1/1.5/8.6构成的气流下进行,总气体流速为60ml/min,催化剂为250mg,温度为350℃。下表4提供了在气流下48h后的丙烯转化率和丙烯醛选择性。
[表4]
实施例6
在该实施例中,通过微波制备的催化剂在丙烯到丙烯醛的受控氧化反应中进行了测试。催化剂MW的化学计量为:Mo12Co7.12Fe1.8Bi0.65Kx。
测试在由C3H6/O2/N2:1/1.5/8.6构成的气流下进行,总气体流速为60ml/min,催化剂为250mg,温度为350℃。下表5提供了在气流下358h后的丙烯转化率和丙烯醛选择性。
[表5]
微波催化剂 | |
丙烯转化率 | 22% |
丙烯醛选择性 | 96% |
实施例7
在该实施例中,通过微波制备的具有镍的催化剂在丙烯到丙烯醛的受控氧化反应中进行了测试。该催化剂的化学计量为:Mo12Co4Ni3.12Fe1.8Bi0.65Kx.
测试在由C3H6/O2/N2:1/1.5/8.6构成的气流下进行,总气体流速为60ml/min,催化剂为250mg,温度为350℃。下表6提供了在气流下48h后的丙烯转化率和丙烯醛选择性。
[表6]
实施例8
在该实施例中,通过微波制备的催化剂通过有用相(FexCo1-xMoO4和Bi2Mo3O12)的机械混合制备。
[表7]
*FexCo1-xMoO4,其中x=0.67
测试在由C3H6/O2/N2:1/1.5/8.6构成的气流下进行,总气体流速为60ml/min,催化剂为250mg,温度为350℃。表7提供了在气流下48h后的丙烯转化率和丙烯醛选择性。
Claims (20)
1.一种生产多相混合氧化物催化剂的方法,所述催化剂包含至少一种基于钼酸铋的活性相和一种基于钼酸铁和钴和镍两种元素中的至少一种的助催化剂,所述方法的特征在于,其包括以下步骤:
-在溶剂中制备混合氧化物的前体的混合物,
-通过微波辅助水热反应使所述前体反应,和
-分离所述混合氧化物以获得催化剂。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于,所述前体通过微波辅助水热反应分两步反应:第一微波辅助水热反应和第二微波辅助水热反应,在这两个步骤之间,由第一微波辅助水热反应获得的反应混合物的pH设定为8-8.5。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述催化剂包含氧化钼。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述催化剂是负载型的,所述方法包括在微波辅助水热反应之前加入一种或多种载体材料。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,微波辅助水热反应在150℃至240℃的温度下进行。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,微波辅助水热反应在2分钟至10小时的时间段内进行。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述催化剂的活性相满足以下化学计量:BixMoyOz,其中2>x/y>0.5,z在6至12之间;优选地,所述化学计量选自Bi2Mo3O12、Bi2Mo2O9和Bi2MoO6。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述催化剂的活性相被至少一种碱金属、优选至少钾活化。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述助催化剂满足以下化学计量:FexCo1-xMoO4,其中x是小数,使得0<x<1,优选使得0.5≤x≤0.9。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述催化剂满足化学式MomConNipFeqBirMs,其中M是碱金属,m、n、p、q、r和s是整数或小数,m从1到5变化,n和p彼此独立地从0到1变化,n+p不等于0,0<q≤1,0<r≤3且0<q≤0.2。
11.根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于:
-一方面制备活性相前体在溶剂中的混合物,另一方面制备助催化剂前体在相同溶剂或另一种溶剂中的混合物;
-活性相前体和助催化剂前体分别通过微波辅助水热反应进行反应;
-分别分离活性相和助催化剂;和
-组装活性相和助催化剂以得到催化剂。
12.根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,混合氧化物的前体的混合物在选自水、有机溶剂和所述有机溶剂之间或与水的任何组合中的一种或多种溶剂中获得。
13.根据权利要求11或12所述的方法,其特征在于,所述催化剂是负载型的,所述方法包括添加一种或多种载体材料,和/或所述催化剂包括氧化钼,所述方法包括添加氧化钼,所述载体材料和/或氧化钼的添加在活性相和助催化剂的合成或组装过程中进行,以获得催化剂。
14.根据权利要求1至13中任一项所述的方法,用于生产多相混合氧化物催化剂,所述催化剂旨在用于以下催化反应中的至少一种:丙烯氧化成丙烯醛,丁烯氧化脱氢成丁二烯,异丁烯氧化成甲基丙烯醛,丙烯氨氧化成丙烯腈和异丁烯氨氧化成甲基丙烯腈。
15.一种催化系统,其分别包含至少一种基于钼酸铋的活性相和一种基于钼酸铁以及钴和镍中的至少一种的助催化剂。
16.根据权利要求15所述的催化系统,其特征在于,所述活性相满足以下化学计量:BixMoyOz,其中2>x/y>0.5,z在6至12之间;优选地,所述化学计量选自Bi2Mo3O12、Bi2Mo2O9和Bi2MoO6。
17.根据权利要求15或16所述的催化系统,其特征在于,所述活性相被至少一种碱金属、优选至少钾活化。
18.根据权利要求15至16中任一项所述的催化系统,其特征在于,所述助催化剂满足以下化学计量:FexCo1-xMoO4,其中x是小数,使得0<x<1,优选使得0.5≤x≤0.9。
19.根据权利要求15至18中任一项所述的催化系统,其特征在于,相对于催化系统的重量,活性相含量低于或等于50重量%,优选地从10%至45%变化。
20.根据权利要求15至19中任一项所述的催化系统在以下催化反应中的至少一种中的用途:丙烯氧化成丙烯醛,丁烯氧化脱氢成丁二烯,异丁烯氧化成甲基丙烯醛,丙烯氨氧化成丙烯腈和异丁烯氨氧化成甲基丙烯腈。
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FR1911836A FR3102373B1 (fr) | 2019-10-23 | 2019-10-23 | catalyseur à base de molybdate de bismuth |
FR19/11836 | 2019-10-23 | ||
PCT/FR2020/051408 WO2021019188A1 (fr) | 2019-07-31 | 2020-07-31 | Catalyseur à base de molybdate de bismuth, procédé de sa fabrication et utilisation de ce catalyseur dans l'oxydation du propène en acroléine |
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