CN114634582A - Astragalus polysaccharide extraction method and application thereof in adjusting livestock immunity - Google Patents
Astragalus polysaccharide extraction method and application thereof in adjusting livestock immunity Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0003—General processes for their isolation or fractionation, e.g. purification or extraction from biomass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an astragalus polysaccharide extraction method and application thereof in adjusting livestock immunity, and relates to the technical field of astragalus polysaccharide extraction. The extraction method is characterized in that ethanol and cellulose are added into astragalus mixed liquid, astragalus polysaccharide, saponin, flavone and amino acid are precipitated from the mixed liquid and are convenient to be mixed into feed for livestock to eat, and meanwhile, the astragalus polysaccharide extracting solution is added into the livestock feed, so that the astragalus polysaccharide, saponin, flavone, amino acid, coumarin, folic acid and other medicinal components in the astragalus polysaccharide extracting solution can be absorbed by the livestock after the livestock eat the astragalus polysaccharide extracting solution, the physique of the livestock is enhanced, and the astragalus polysaccharide, saponin, flavone, amino acid, coumarin, folic acid and other medicinal components have antiviral and anti-stress effects.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of astragalus polysaccharide extraction, in particular to an astragalus polysaccharide extraction method and application thereof in adjusting livestock immunity.
Background
Livestock breeding is a branch of agricultural production, poultry such as chickens, ducks and geese or livestock such as pigs, cattle and sheep are bred uniformly, meat or other byproducts such as hair of the livestock are sold to obtain economic benefits, the livestock breeding industry is a stable industry with long existence, along with the development of science and technology, for example, in order to avoid production damage caused by illness of the animals, the animals are vaccinated, the life conditions of the animals are paid attention to through a device after the vaccination, and the like, and the livestock breeding industry is embodied in the production of the livestock by science and technology.
In order to improve immunity and reduce the possibility of animal diseases, various additives are often added into animal feed in modern breeding to meet the animal nutrient requirements, for example, common fattening agents can improve the animal absorption capacity to achieve the effects of fattening and increasing yield when the gastrointestinal health of animals can be improved, and in recent years, with the development of the traditional Chinese medicine level, traditional Chinese medicine materials are added into the feed to avoid the occurrence of the condition that animals are injured by cold and are ill, for example, the improvement of the animal immunity is a more commonly applied technology.
Although adding traditional Chinese medicine components into the feed is a relatively common technology, the types of traditional Chinese medicines commonly applied in the feed are relatively few, besides a plurality of materials such as wormwood, dandelion, pine needles, polygonum multiflorum and the like, the scheme of applying other traditional Chinese medicines for feeding is relatively few, most of the reasons are that the traditional Chinese medicines have certain smell, animals have certain resistance to the smell, and the animals are difficult to eat, and even if some medicinal materials such as astragalus membranaceus and the like easily filter the astragalus membranaceus residues to reduce the smell, other components in the astragalus membranaceus are relatively difficult to extract, so that the application of the traditional Chinese medicines in livestock breeding is hindered.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the background technology and provides an astragalus polysaccharide extraction method and application thereof in adjusting livestock immunity.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme that the method for extracting the astragalus polysaccharide and the application thereof in adjusting the immunity of livestock comprise;
the method comprises the steps of cleaning and drying astragalus membranaceus, grinding the astragalus membranaceus by a grinding device to obtain astragalus membranaceus powder, mixing the astragalus membranaceus powder and a solvent to form a mixed solution, heating the mixed solution, filtering residues of the heated mixed solution, adding a precipitator into the mixed solution, layering astragalus polysaccharide precipitates in the mixed solution to obtain astragalus polysaccharide and a purified solution, separating the mixed solution from the precipitate to obtain a residual solution, distilling the residual solution, mixing the distilled extract and the precipitate again to form an astragalus polysaccharide extracting solution, and blending the astragalus polysaccharide extracting solution into livestock and poultry feed for feeding.
Further, the solvent is water, and the specific method for heating the mixed solution comprises the following steps: mixing water and radix astragali powder at a ratio of 5: the mixture ratio of 1 is prepared in a pressurized container, after the mixed liquid is fully stirred in the pressurized container, the pressurized container is sealed and the inside of the pressurized container is pressurized, after the pressurization is finished, the container and the internal mixed liquid are heated to 120 ℃, and the mixed liquid is maintained at 120 ℃ for 15min and then the heating can be finished.
Further, the filter residue is filtered by a filter screen, and the aperture of the meshes of the filter screen is 0.2-0.5 mm.
Further, the precipitating agent comprises ethanol and cellulose with the purity of more than 95%, and the specific method for precipitating the mixed solution comprises the following steps: and after the mixed solution is cooled, pouring ethanol and cellulase into the mixed solution, and precipitating and extracting astragalus polysaccharide, saponin, flavone and amino acid in the mixed solution to obtain a precipitate.
Further, the distillation method comprises the following steps: heating the residual liquid in a heating container to 100 deg.C, heating water in the residual liquid to 100 deg.C, evaporating, and stirring the residual liquid until the water in the residual liquid is evaporated and the volume is reduced to 10%.
Further, the specific blending method of the astragalus polysaccharide extracting solution comprises the following steps: and (3) cooling the residual liquid after the residual liquid is distilled, pouring the residual liquid and the precipitate into a closed container when the temperature is reduced to 70 ℃, shaking the container and the mixed liquid to fully mix the residual liquid and the precipitate, and opening the closed container when the temperature of the residual liquid is reduced to 40 ℃ to finish blending to form the astragalus polysaccharide extracting solution.
Further, the preparation method of the astragalus polysaccharide extracting solution and the livestock feed is characterized by comprising the following steps: mixing the astragalus polysaccharide extract with water in a proportion of 2: 1, uniformly stirring and diluting the mixture in a container, wherein the diluted mixed solution can be mixed with the livestock feed according to the ratio of the mixed solution to 1: 10, and adding the astragalus polysaccharide extract into the livestock feed.
The invention provides an extraction method of astragalus polysaccharide and application thereof in adjusting livestock immunity, and the astragalus polysaccharide has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention has the advantages that the astragalus polysaccharide, the saponin and the amino acid in the astragalus can be combined and precipitated by the ethanol by adding the ethanol and the cellulose into the astragalus mixed solution, the flavone is easily dissolved in the water and the ethanol, and the flavone can be combined and precipitated by using the cellulase, so that the astragalus polysaccharide, the saponin, the flavone and the amino acid are precipitated from the mixed solution.
2. Secondly, the water in the residual liquid can be evaporated by distillation, and substances which are not easy to dissolve in water, such as coumarin, folic acid, astragalus oil and the like, are left to obtain the astragalus extract with high concentration so as to keep the property of the astragalus.
3. Furthermore, the astragalus polysaccharide extracting solution is added into the livestock feed, so that the astragalus polysaccharide, saponin, flavone, amino acid, coumarin, folic acid and other ingredients with medicinal effects in the astragalus polysaccharide extracting solution can be absorbed by livestock after the livestock eat the astragalus polysaccharide extracting solution, and meanwhile, the astragalus polysaccharide extracting solution can enhance the physique of the livestock and has the functions of resisting virus and stress.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the preparation of Astragalus polysaccharides extract of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present application and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the present application and for simplicity in description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated in a particular manner, and are not to be construed as limiting the present application. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defined as "first", "second", may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the described features. In the description of the present application, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the description of the present application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; may be mechanically connected, may be electrically connected or may be in communication with each other; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.
In this application, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the recitation of a first feature "on" or "under" a second feature may include the recitation of the first and second features being in direct contact, and may also include the recitation of the first and second features not being in direct contact, but being in contact with another feature between them. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
The following disclosure provides many different embodiments or examples for implementing different features of the application. In order to simplify the disclosure of the present application, specific example components and arrangements are described below. Of course, they are merely examples and are not intended to limit the present application. Further, the present application may repeat reference numerals and/or reference letters in the various examples for simplicity and clarity and does not in itself dictate a relationship between the various embodiments and/or arrangements discussed. In addition, examples of various specific processes and materials are provided herein, but one of ordinary skill in the art may recognize applications of other processes and/or use of other materials.
Example (b):
referring to figure 1 of the drawings, in which,
the method for extracting astragalus polysaccharide and the application thereof in adjusting the immunity of livestock comprises the following steps;
the method comprises the steps of cleaning and drying astragalus membranaceus, grinding the astragalus membranaceus by a grinding device to obtain astragalus membranaceus powder, mixing the astragalus membranaceus powder and a solvent to form a mixed solution, heating the mixed solution, filtering residues of the heated mixed solution, adding a precipitator into the mixed solution, layering astragalus polysaccharide precipitates in the mixed solution to obtain astragalus polysaccharide and a purified solution, separating the mixed solution from the precipitate to obtain a residual solution, distilling the residual solution, mixing the distilled extract and the precipitate again to form an astragalus polysaccharide extracting solution, and blending the astragalus polysaccharide extracting solution into livestock and poultry feed for feeding.
Further, the solvent is water, and the specific method for heating the mixed solution comprises the following steps: mixing water and radix astragali powder at a ratio of 5: the preparation method comprises the following steps of 1, mixing the mixture in a pressurized container according to a ratio, sealing the pressurized container and pressurizing the inside of the pressurized container after the mixture is fully stirred in the pressurized container, heating the container and the inside mixture to 120 ℃ after pressurization is finished, keeping the temperature of the mixture at 120 ℃ for 15min, and then heating the mixture, wherein in the mixing process, the astragalus powder and water are mixed together to mix substances which can exert the drug effect, such as astragalus polysaccharide, saponin, flavone and amino acid, in the astragalus into the water, the boiling point of the water can be increased through pressurization, the water can be heated to 120 ℃, further the astragalus powder is heated to 120 ℃, the astragalus powder is endowed with internal energy through heating, the larger the internal energy of the astragalus powder is, the more active the substances such as astragalus polysaccharide, saponin, flavone and amino acid can be decomposed more quickly, and the extraction speed is increased.
Furthermore, the filter residue is filtered by a filter screen, the aperture of the mesh of the filter screen is 0.2-0.5mm, during the blending process, the internal components of the astragalus powder are decomposed into the mixed liquid after being boiled in high-temperature water, and the residue of the astragalus powder is fished away by the filter screen, so that the concentration of the astragalus polysaccharide extracting solution is prevented from being influenced.
Further, the precipitating agent comprises ethanol and cellulose with the purity of more than 95%, and the specific method for precipitating the mixed solution comprises the following steps: after the mixed solution is cooled, ethanol and cellulase are poured into the mixed solution, astragalus polysaccharide, saponin, flavone and amino acid in the mixed solution are precipitated and extracted to obtain precipitates, and in the blending process, the astragalus polysaccharide, saponin, flavone and amino acid are water-soluble, and when water is evaporated, the astragalus polysaccharide, saponin, flavone and amino acid are wasted along with steam drift, so that the astragalus polysaccharide, saponin, flavone and amino acid in astragalus are required to be hermetically placed in a container to be cooled and then precipitated, and the astragalus polysaccharide, saponin and amino acid in astragalus are soluble in water and insoluble in ethanol and can be combined and precipitated by ethanol, while flavone is soluble in water and ethanol, so that flavone is required to be chemically precipitated by cellulase, and the astragalus polysaccharide, saponin, flavone and amino acid are precipitated from the mixed solution.
Further, the distillation method comprises the following steps: the residual liquid is placed in a heating container and heated to 100 ℃, water in the residual liquid is heated to 100 ℃ and then begins to evaporate, the evaporation state is continuously kept, meanwhile, the residual liquid is stirred until the water in the residual liquid is evaporated, and the distillation can be finished when the volume is reduced to 10 percent.
Further, the specific blending method of the astragalus polysaccharide extracting solution comprises the following steps: cooling the residual liquid after the residual liquid is distilled, pouring the residual liquid and the precipitate into a closed container when the temperature is reduced to 70 ℃, shaking the container and the mixed liquid to fully mix, opening the closed container when the temperature of the residual liquid is reduced to 40 ℃ to finish blending to form astragalus polysaccharide extracting solution, putting 70 ℃ purified residual liquid into the precipitate, damaging cellulase in the precipitate by high temperature to enable flavone to be free substances to be absorbed conveniently, simultaneously enabling the temperature of 70 ℃ to be higher, still evaporating the water and the ethanol in the residual liquid, avoiding the evaporation of the astragalus polysaccharide, saponin, flavone and amino acid and water together by the closed container, after the temperature is reduced to 40 ℃, stopping the evaporation of the water due to too low temperature and keeping the ethanol in an evaporation state, opening the container to evaporate the ethanol, and volatilizing the precipitant in the astragalus polysaccharide extracting solution, avoid influencing the edible absorption of the livestock.
Further, the preparation method of the astragalus polysaccharide extracting solution and the livestock feed is characterized by comprising the following steps: mixing the astragalus polysaccharide extract with water in a proportion of 2: 1, uniformly stirring and diluting the mixture in a container, wherein the diluted mixed solution can be mixed with the livestock feed according to the ratio of the mixed solution to 1: 10, adding the astragalus polysaccharide extract into the livestock feed, and after the livestock eat the astragalus polysaccharide extract, the astragalus polysaccharide, saponin, flavone, amino acid, coumarin, folic acid and other ingredients with medicinal effects in the astragalus polysaccharide extract can be absorbed, and meanwhile, the health of the livestock is enhanced, and the astragalus polysaccharide extract has antiviral and anti-stress effects.
In the foregoing embodiments, the descriptions of the respective embodiments have respective emphasis, and for parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment, reference may be made to related descriptions of other embodiments.
The method for extracting astragalus polysaccharide and the application thereof in adjusting livestock immunity provided by the embodiment of the application are described in detail above, a specific example is applied in the method for explaining the principle and the implementation mode of the application, and the description of the embodiment is only used for helping to understand the technical scheme and the core thought of the application; those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. An extraction method of astragalus polysaccharide and application thereof in adjusting immunity of livestock and poultry is characterized in that,
the method comprises the steps of cleaning and drying astragalus membranaceus, grinding the astragalus membranaceus by a grinding device to obtain astragalus membranaceus powder, mixing the astragalus membranaceus powder and a solvent to form a mixed solution, heating the mixed solution, filtering residues of the heated mixed solution, adding a precipitator into the mixed solution, layering astragalus polysaccharide precipitates in the mixed solution to obtain astragalus polysaccharide and a purified solution, separating the mixed solution from the precipitate to obtain a residual solution, distilling the residual solution, mixing the distilled extract and the precipitate again to form an astragalus polysaccharide extracting solution, and blending the astragalus polysaccharide extracting solution into livestock and poultry feed for feeding.
2. The extraction method of astragalus polysaccharide as claimed in claim 1 and its application in regulating immunity of livestock and poultry, wherein the solvent is water, and the specific method for heating the mixed solution comprises: mixing water and radix astragali powder at a ratio of 5: the mixture ratio of 1 is prepared in a pressurized container, after the mixed liquid is fully stirred in the pressurized container, the pressurized container is sealed and the inside of the pressurized container is pressurized, after the pressurization is finished, the container and the internal mixed liquid are heated to 120 ℃, and the mixed liquid is maintained at 120 ℃ for 15min and then the heating can be finished.
3. The extraction method of astragalus polysaccharide as claimed in claim 1, wherein the filter residue is filtered by a filter screen, and the aperture of the filter screen is 0.2-0.5 mm.
4. The method for extracting astragalus polysaccharide as claimed in claim 1, wherein the precipitating agent comprises ethanol and cellulose with purity of 95% or more, and the specific method for precipitating the mixed solution comprises: and after the mixed solution is cooled, pouring ethanol and cellulase into the mixed solution, and precipitating and extracting astragalus polysaccharide, saponin, flavone and amino acid in the mixed solution to obtain a precipitate.
5. The extraction method of astragalus polysaccharide as claimed in claim 1 and its application in regulating immunity of livestock and poultry, wherein the distillation method comprises: heating the residual liquid in a heating container to 100 deg.C, heating water in the residual liquid to 100 deg.C, evaporating, and stirring the residual liquid until the water in the residual liquid is evaporated and the volume is reduced to 10%.
6. The extraction method of astragalus polysaccharide as claimed in claim 1 and its application in regulating immunity of livestock and poultry, wherein the specific blending method of astragalus polysaccharide extract comprises: and (3) cooling the residual liquid after the residual liquid is distilled, pouring the residual liquid and the precipitate into a closed container when the temperature is reduced to 70 ℃, shaking the container and the mixed liquid to fully mix the residual liquid and the precipitate, and opening the closed container when the temperature of the residual liquid is reduced to 40 ℃ to finish blending to form the astragalus polysaccharide extracting solution.
7. The extraction method of astragalus polysaccharide as claimed in claim 1 and its application in regulating immunity of livestock and poultry, wherein the blending method of astragalus polysaccharide extract and livestock and poultry feed comprises: mixing the astragalus polysaccharide extract with water in a proportion of 2: 1, uniformly stirring and diluting the mixture in a container, wherein the diluted mixed solution can be mixed with the livestock feed according to the ratio of the mixed solution to 1: 10, and adding the astragalus polysaccharide extract into the livestock feed.
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| CN101445567A (en) * | 2008-12-19 | 2009-06-03 | 山东理工大学 | Method for extracting platycodon polysaccharides with pressurized hot water |
| CN102146142A (en) * | 2011-03-30 | 2011-08-10 | 泸州品创科技有限公司 | Method for preparing astragalus polysaccharides |
| CN102443072A (en) * | 2010-10-12 | 2012-05-09 | 沈阳药科大学 | Method for simultaneously extracting polysaccharides and saponins from astragalus |
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| CN101445567A (en) * | 2008-12-19 | 2009-06-03 | 山东理工大学 | Method for extracting platycodon polysaccharides with pressurized hot water |
| CN102443072A (en) * | 2010-10-12 | 2012-05-09 | 沈阳药科大学 | Method for simultaneously extracting polysaccharides and saponins from astragalus |
| CN102146142A (en) * | 2011-03-30 | 2011-08-10 | 泸州品创科技有限公司 | Method for preparing astragalus polysaccharides |
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