CN114631411B - Long-acting method for improving reclamation soil of mining area - Google Patents

Long-acting method for improving reclamation soil of mining area Download PDF

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CN114631411B
CN114631411B CN202210189826.1A CN202210189826A CN114631411B CN 114631411 B CN114631411 B CN 114631411B CN 202210189826 A CN202210189826 A CN 202210189826A CN 114631411 B CN114631411 B CN 114631411B
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CN114631411A (en
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赵占辉
高松峰
鲁春阳
潘传姣
文枫
刘战
李聪毅
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Hebei Zhinuo Intellectual Property Agency Co.,Ltd.
Inner Mongolia Mengxingyuan Biotechnology Co ltd
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Henan University of Urban Construction
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
    • C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2101/00—Agricultural use

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Abstract

A long-acting method for improving the reclamation soil of mining areas comprises the steps of preparing a stable structural material by coal gangue, preparing an active material by using a soil microbial inoculum and corncob particles or wheat bran, preparing a neutral organic material by adding water and stirring straw particles, mineral potassium humate powder, straw decay-promoting bacteria powder, sodium alginate powder, brown algae oligosaccharide powder and a nitrogen fertilizer, and preparing an inert organic material by mixing sludge, crop straws and sawdust and then carbonizing; finally, mixing the structural material, the active material, the neutral organic material and the inert organic material to prepare an improved material; the improved material is uniformly scattered into soil at one time, the improved material is fully mixed with plough layer soil by a mechanical rotary cultivator, the cultivated land is irrigated at one time immediately, and the sowing and the fertilization are carried out after the cultivation is stood. The technology of the invention is implemented once to complete soil improvement, and can be maintained for a long time through subsequent scientific soil management and balanced fertilization.

Description

Long-acting method for improving reclamation soil of mining area
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of soil improvement of reclaimed lands, and particularly relates to a long-acting method for improving the reclaimed soil of a mining area.
Background
The soil improvement of the reclamation farmland in the mining area is one of the important contents of the soil management after the land reclamation, and the reclamation farmland in the mining area has the characteristics of large disturbance of artificial factors before the reclamation, poor soil condition after the reclamation, high-quality soil layer loss, large difficulty in the soil improvement of the reclamation farmland and the like. It is estimated that the soil formation rate is about 0.066 mm/year, about 3000 years are required for forming cultivated soil with a thickness of 20cm, and the soil fertility is continuously improved and the fertility is continuously improved through various technical measures on the basis of the completion of the soil development, namely the process of changing the raw soil into the mature soil. The cured soil mainly shows that the soil layer is deep, the organic matter content is high, the soil structure is good, the fertility factors of water, fertilizer, gas and heat are coordinated, the microorganism activity is vigorous, and the capability of supplying moisture and nutrients to crops is strong. It has been studied that it takes hundreds of years or even hundreds of years to form soil organic molecular compounds in a natural state. The characteristics of the original soil profile are changed frequently in the process of mining and reclamation engineering, so that the soil formed in tens, hundreds or even thousands of years is damaged, the reclamation soil in a mining area has complex obstacle factors, and the defects of thin plough layer, incomplete soil curing, low organic matter content, hardening, small quantity of microorganisms driving nutrient circulation and the like are mostly expressed. At present, the technology of surface soil stripping is widely applied, namely, the surface soil stripping is used for surface soil stripping and recycling, and the technology refers to the technology of carrying surface soil with the thickness of 30cm in a high-quality cultivated land to a damaged land in a mining area to complete land reclamation, and the technology has the advantages of highest efficiency in the soil reclamation and quicker soil fertility recovery after the reclamation. However, the cost of topsoil stripping technology is high, and the resource limit of high-quality topsoil is met, so that it is difficult to guarantee that enough high-quality topsoil is available for reclamation work. In addition, the soil fertility improvement technology in the agricultural field is also commonly used for improving the reclaimed soil in the mining area, such as optimizing fertilization, optimizing a cultivation method, adjusting a crop planting mode, promoting straw returning, applying an organic fertilizer or a soil conditioner and the like, the methods usually need to be implemented for many years continuously, and the fertility of the soil can be slowly improved by continuously updating the fertility improvement method, generally, the soil fertility improvement technology commonly used in the agricultural field can improve the reclaimed soil in the mining area, but still consumes a long time, and takes up to several years or even dozens of years. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a long-lasting method capable of rapidly improving the reclaimed soil in a mining area and maintaining it for a long period of time.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved is as follows: the invention provides a long-acting method for improving the reclamation soil of a mining area, the technology is implemented at one time to complete soil improvement, the fertilization time of the reclamation soil of the mining area is greatly shortened, the input cost is far lower than that of the current commonly used surface soil stripping reclamation technology, and the long-acting effect can be maintained only by subsequent scientific soil management and balanced fertilization after the technology is implemented.
The technical scheme is as follows: a long-acting method for improving reclamation soil in a mining area is characterized in that coal gangue is used for preparing a stable structure material, a soil microbial inoculum and corncob particles or wheat bran are used for preparing an active material according to the weight proportion of 1:9 on a dry basis, straw particles, mineral source potassium humate powder, straw decay-promoting bacteria powder, sodium alginate powder, alginate oligosaccharide powder and nitrogen fertilizer are added with water and stirred according to the weight proportion of 1; finally, mixing the structural material, the active material, the neutral organic material and the inert organic material according to the weight ratio of 30.5; the improved materials are uniformly scattered into soil at one time, the improved materials are fully mixed with plough layer soil by a mechanical rotary cultivator, the cultivated land is immediately irrigated at one time, the water content of the plough layer soil reaches about 30 percent of the field water holding capacity, and the sowing and the fertilization are carried out after the cultivation.
The stable structural material is prepared from coal gangue, the coal gangue is crushed and ground into powder to obtain coal gangue powder, the particle size of the coal gangue powder is less than 0.25mm, and the heavy metal content of the coal gangue powder is not higher than the content of natural background value of soil environment quality required in soil environment quality Standard (GB 15618-1995).
The active material is prepared by mixing a soil microbial inoculum and corncob particles or wheat bran, crushing the corncobs or the wheat bran to the particle size of less than 0.5cm, uniformly mixing the soil microbial inoculum and the corncob particles or the wheat bran according to the dry basis weight ratio of 1:9, and adding water until the water content reaches 5 wt%.
The neutral organic material comprises straw particles, mineral potassium humate powder, straw decay-promoting bacteria powder, sodium alginate powder, brown algae oligosaccharide powder and a nitrogen fertilizer, the crop straws are collected firstly, the straw particles are obtained through crushing, the nitrogen fertilizer adopts mineral fertilizer urea or organic fertilizer, the using amount is determined according to the total nitrogen content of different types of fertilizers after being used by converting into pure nitrogen, the straw particles, the mineral potassium humate powder, the straw decay-promoting bacteria powder, the sodium alginate powder, the brown algae oligosaccharide powder and the nitrogen fertilizer are added with water and stirred and mixed according to the proportion of 1.
The inert organic material is prepared by carbonizing sludge, crop straws and sawdust; before the production, the straws are crushed to the length of less than 5cm, the heavy metal content of the sludge and the sawdust is measured, and the heavy metal content of the sludge and the sawdust is not higher than the natural background value content of the soil environment quality required in the soil environment quality standard (GB 15618-1995); the collected sludge is dehydrated to have the water content less than 10 wt%, the dehydrated sludge, crushed straws and wood chips are mixed according to the weight ratio of (10).
The improved material is prepared by stirring and mixing a structural material, an active material, a neutral organic material and an inert organic material according to the weight ratio of 30.5.
Evaluating the grade of the reclaimed cultivated land according to national standards of 'cultivated land quality survey monitoring and evaluating method' (No. 2 of Ministry of agriculture) and 'cultivated land quality grade' (GB/T33469-2016), and determining the application amount of the improved material according to the quality grade of the cultivated land, wherein the improvement is not needed when the quality of the cultivated land is 1-3 and the like; when the cultivated land quality is 4-6, the input amount of the improved material is 12-15 t/hm 2 (ii) a When the cultivated land quality is 7-8 and the like, the improving material application amount is 27-33 t/hm 2 (ii) a The input amount of the improved materials is 42-48 t/hm when the cultivated land quality is 9-10 and the like 2 。
Has the advantages that: the technology of the invention is implemented once to complete soil improvement, and can be maintained for a long time through subsequent scientific soil management and balanced fertilization. The invention can rapidly eliminate the soil structural obstacle, rapidly improve the content of soil organic matters, rapidly construct a high-quality soil structure body, rapidly acclimate soil, establish a nutrient circulating system and greatly reduce the soil fertilization process. The coal gangue, straw, sludge and other main materials adopted by the technology have wide sources and low price, and the improved material processing and applying method is simple and has great popularization and application potential.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a technical schematic diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a comparison of organic matter content of the plough layer soil of the comparative example and the working example;
FIG. 3 is a comparison of the contents of the easily oxidized organic matters in the plough layer soil of the comparative example and the example;
FIG. 4 is a comparison of the microbial biomass carbon content of the topsoil of the comparative example and the example;
FIG. 5 is a comparison of corn yields for the control and example;
FIG. 6 is a comparison of the distribution of soil aggregates in the plough layer of the comparative example and the working example.
Detailed Description
The following soil tests further illustrate the contents of the present invention but should not be construed as limiting the invention. Modifications and substitutions to methods, procedures, or conditions of the invention may be made without departing from the spirit and substance of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the following examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art, and the specific measurement methods not specified in the test are all the methods described in "soil agricultural chemical analysis method" by u e, et al, the measurement method described in the chinese agricultural science and technology press 1999, and the authoritative soil examination method such as the national standard of the people's republic of china, etc.
The test process comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of collecting 0-20cm soil of a damaged land reclamation cultivated land (33 DEG 46'N,113 DEG 15' E) in a certain mining area, and carrying out a potting test on an open land of the farmland, wherein the open land is located in a marginal area with alternating climates of a warm temperate zone and a northern subtropical zone, the regional soil is of a rocky soil type, and the soil is poor and has a poor structure. The soil has a cultivated land grade of nine according to national standards of 'cultivated land quality survey monitoring and evaluation method' (2016 No. 2 of Ministry of agriculture) and 'cultivated land quality grade' (GB/T33469-2016), and the application amount of the improved material is 45T/hm 2 . The inner diameter of the used round basin is 40cm, the depth is 25cm, and the soil is filled for 30kg. Soil is treated by a sieve before being pottedThe physical exercise is as follows: airing the collected plough layer soil, sieving the soil by using a sieve with the aperture of 1cm, removing impurities such as stones and crop roots, measuring the water content, calculating the weighing value required by 30kg of dry-base soil, and weighing and potting. The crops for planting are winter wheat and summer corn, a winter wheat-summer corn rotation system is adopted, and the type of the fertilizer applied in the experiment is mineral fertilizer. According to the weight conversion of 0-20cm plough layer soil, the application amount of the dry-base improving material is 565.2 g/basin, and the contents of phosphorus and potassium in the base fertilizer are all 2.83 g/basin (equivalent to 225 kg/hm) 2 ) Mineral nitrogen fertilizer is applied in a 1.73 g/pot (equivalent to 135 kg/hm) in the corn flowering period or wheat jointing period 2 ). Two treatments were set, control, example, each with 3 replicates.
The manufacturing process of the structural material comprises the following steps:
coal gangue materials are collected from a coal washery, coal gangue is crushed by a mechanical stone crusher (power: 7.5KW, and the grain diameter of discharged materials is less than or equal to 5 mm) to obtain large-particle coal gangue particles, and the coal gangue particles are ground into powder by a small-sized grinder (power: 2KW capacity: 1000g rotation speed: 25000 r/min) to obtain coal gangue powder, wherein the grain diameter of the coal gangue powder is less than 0.25mm. The coal gangue powder is sampled to determine the content of heavy metals, the content of the heavy metals in the coal gangue powder is required to be lower than the content of a natural background value (namely a first-grade standard of soil environment quality) of the soil environment quality required in the soil environment quality standard (GB 15618-1995), otherwise, the coal gangue material meeting the requirement of the heavy metal content limit value is required to be collected again. In order to prevent dust emission, a proper amount of water is scattered into the prepared coal gangue powder, so that the water content of the coal gangue powder is kept between 5 and 10wt percent.
The preparation process of the active material comprises the following steps:
the test purchases a soil functional microbial inoculum (basic nutrition type, product specification: powder, 1 kg/bag) from Waobao biological science and technology Limited in Henan, mixes the purchased functional microbial inoculum and the corncob particles 1:9 by weight ratio uniformly, adds water until the water content reaches 5 wt%, and prepares the active material.
The neutral material manufacturing process comprises the following steps:
corncobs are collected and crushed by a crusher to prepare corncob particles with the particle size of less than 0.5cm, mineral potassium humate powder produced by Shanxi forest sea humic acid technology limited company is purchased, straw rotting-promoting bacteria powder produced by Henan Wo Bao biological technology limited company (the specification: straw rotting agent, 1 kg/bag, the bacteria content is more than or equal to 10 hundred million/gram) is purchased, sodium alginate powder produced by Qingdao Mingyue seaweed group limited company (the specification: industrial grade sodium alginate, LY1 type) is purchased, brown algae oligose powder produced by Qingdao sea biotechnology limited company is purchased, and urea produced by Henan Heart company chemical industry group limited company (the total nitrogen content is more than or equal to 46 percent, and medium particle urea) is purchased as a nitrogen fertilizer. Mixing straw particles, mineral potassium humate powder, straw saprophytic bacteria powder, sodium alginate powder, alginate oligosaccharide powder and urea according to the dry weight ratio of 500. And then, selecting the time with the average temperature of more than 25 ℃ in the daytime, stacking the neutral material mixture in the open space of a farmland to form a hill shape with the stacking height of about 100cm, covering the hill with a black plastic film for heating and reducing water loss, composting for 30 days, spreading the hill shape after the composting is finished, airing the hill shape in the shade until the water content is 10wt.%, and crushing the rotted neutral material mixture to the particle size of less than 0.3cm by using a crushing machine to obtain the neutral organic material.
The inert organic material manufacturing process comprises the following steps:
collecting sludge from a river channel of a mining area, drying in the sun, sieving (with a pore diameter of 2 mm), removing impurities for later use, collecting sawdust from a nearby furniture processing factory, measuring the heavy metal content of the collected sludge and sawdust, wherein the heavy metal content is lower than the natural background value content (namely the first-level soil environment quality standard) of the soil environment quality required in the soil environment quality standard (GB 15618-1995), otherwise, collecting the sludge and sawdust materials meeting the heavy metal content limit value requirement again. Collecting wheat straws from a farmland, and crushing the wheat into straw scraps with the length less than or equal to 5 cm. The collected sludge, the crushed straws and the wood chips are mixed according to the dry weight ratio of 10
The manufacturing process of the improved material comprises the following steps:
mixing the structural material, the active material, the neutral organic material and the inert organic material which are prepared in the above way according to the weight ratio of 30.5 in a dry basis.
Comparative example
The comparative example was carried out according to the following procedure:
step 1, after wheat is harvested, arranging a pot experiment in the open space of a farmland, transferring 30kg of plough layer soil into each pot, and keeping the volume weight of the soil the same as that of the farmland;
step 2, applying base fertilizer before sowing, scattering 6.15g of urea (the total nitrogen content of urea is more than or equal to 46%), 5.55g of mineral potassium sulfate (the total potassium content of potassium sulfate is more than or equal to 51%), 6.15g of mineral superphosphate (the total phosphorus content of superphosphate is more than or equal to 46%), properly stirring the soil to uniformly mix the fertilizer and the soil, properly compacting the soil in the pots to enable the volume weight of the soil to be close to the volume weight of the soil of a near farmland cultivated layer, and then watering 5L in each pot;
step 3, standing for 1 day after the step 2 is finished, planting corn, sowing 8 full corn seeds in each pot, and reserving 4 corn seedlings with uniform growth vigor during seedling period, wherein the corn variety is denghai 605;
and 4, manually applying nitrogen fertilizer in the flowering period of the corn, applying 3.76g of urea (the total nitrogen content of the urea is more than or equal to 46%) in each pot, fully melting the urea in 3L of water, uniformly spreading the urea on the surface layer of the soil in the pot, performing irrigation once after fertilization, and irrigating 2L of water in each pot to ensure that the applied chemical fertilizer fully permeates the soil.
And 5, harvesting corns in the mature period of the corns, properly ploughing soil after the corns are harvested, applying fertilizer in a period selection mode, sowing wheat, sowing the wheat seeds with 200 plump seeds in each pot, and applying fertilizer in the topping period of the wheat, wherein the fertilizing mode is the same as that in the corn season. The rotation system of winter wheat and summer corn is implemented.
Example 1
The method comprises the following steps:
step 1, after wheat is harvested, arranging a pot experiment in the open field of a farmland, transferring 30kg of plough layer soil into each pot, and keeping the soil volume weight the same as that of the farmland;
step 2, applying base fertilizer before sowing, spreading 6.15g of urea (the total nitrogen content of the urea is more than or equal to 46%), 5.55g of mineral potassium sulfate (the total potassium content of the potassium sulfate is more than or equal to 51%), 6.15g of mineral calcium superphosphate (the total phosphorus content of the calcium superphosphate is more than or equal to 46%), spreading a wet improving material 664.94 g (the water content of the improving material is 15%) in each pot, properly turning over the soil to uniformly mix the fertilizer and the improving material with the soil, properly compacting the soil in the pots to enable the soil volume weight to be close to the soil volume weight of a near farmland cultivated layer, and then watering 5L in each pot, wherein the fertilizing mode and the fertilizing time are the same as those of a control example;
step 3, standing for 1 day after the step 2 is finished, planting corn, sowing 8 full corn seeds in each pot, reserving 4 corn seedlings with uniform growth vigor during seedling period, wherein the corn variety is Shanghai 605, and the sowing mode and the sowing time are kept the same as those of the comparison example;
and 4, manually applying a nitrogen fertilizer in the flowering period of the corn, applying 3.76g of urea (the total nitrogen content of the urea is more than or equal to 46%) in each pot, fully melting the urea in 3L of water, uniformly spreading the urea on the surface layer of the soil in the pot, performing irrigation once after fertilization, and irrigating 2L of water in each pot to ensure that the applied fertilizer fully permeates the soil, wherein the application mode and the application time are kept the same as those of the comparative example.
And 5, harvesting corns in the mature period of the corns, properly ploughing soil after the corns are harvested, applying fertilizer in a selected period, sowing wheat, wherein the application amount of the base fertilizer and the top dressing is the same as that in the corn season, sowing 200 full wheat seeds in each pot, and applying top dressing in the wheat jointing period in the same manner as that in the corn season. The improved materials are completely applied at one time along with the base fertilizer before the corn is planted in the first season, and are not applied subsequently, a winter wheat-summer corn rotation system is implemented, and the field management and the comparison example are kept the same.
In order to verify the effectiveness of the technology, soil samples of the corn in the mature period are tested for soil organic matters, easily-oxidized organic matters, microbial biomass carbon and water-stable aggregates after the collection test is carried out for 1 year and 2 years, and the corn yield is tested for analyzing the improvement effect of the technology on the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil and the crop yield. The index analysis method is as follows:
the organic matter is measured by adopting a potassium dichromate oxidation-external heating method, the specific steps refer to a forest soil organic matter measuring method (GB 7857-87) of the national standard of the people's republic of China, and the easily-oxidized organic matter is measured by adopting a potassium permanganate oxidation method (organic carbon with the concentration of 333mol/L oxidized by potassium permanganate is converted into the content of the easily-oxidized organic matter according to the proportion of the organic carbon/organic matter = 0.58). The carbon content of the microorganisms was measured by the chloroform fumigation leaching method described in soil agrochemical analysis, mainly edited by Lu Rukun (P231-233). Soil aggregates are measured by a screening method to obtain coarse aggregates (> 2 mm), large aggregates (0.25-2 mm), micro aggregates (0.05-0.25 mm) and powder clay (< 0.05 mm).
Comparative and examples results and analysis: the soil organic matter is used as the material basis of soil fertility, and the content of the soil organic matter directly reflects the soil nutrient condition. The analysis results (fig. 2) show that compared with the control example, the soil organic matter content in the first year and the soil organic matter content in the second year of the example are obviously higher than those in the control example, the soil organic matter increase amount in the first year example is 3.86g/kg, and the soil organic matter increase amount in the second year example is 3.74g/kg. The content of the easily oxidized organic matters in the soil also changes obviously, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: compared with the control example, the content of the easily oxidized organic matters in the soil in the first year and the second year of the embodiment are obviously higher than that of the control example, the increase rate of the content of the easily oxidized organic matters in the soil in the first year is 114%, and the increase rate of the content of the organic matters in the soil in the second year is 87% (fig. 3). Therefore, the embodiment can greatly improve the organic matter content of the soil by spraying the improved material once.
Soil microbial biomass carbon (i.e. soil microbial growth)Biomass carbon) means volume in soil<5000μm 3 The total carbon in living and dead microorganisms accounts for a small proportion of soil microbial biomass carbon in a soil carbon reservoir, but is a great source and stock for effective soil nutrients, so that the improvement of the soil microbial biomass carbon content is of great significance. The analysis results show (fig. 4) that the soil microbial biomass carbon content of the examples showed a large increase compared to the control examples, specifically: compared with the comparative example, the carbon content of the soil microorganism in the first year and the second year of the example is increased by 55.60% and 31.33% respectively.
Soil aggregates are called soil clusters, and soil particles (including soil micro-aggregates) form individuals after the aggregation and cementation effects. The main body formed by the water-stable aggregate has better water-cooling property, is beneficial to resisting drought and preserving soil moisture, and is not easy to generate surface runoff; soil bodies formed by the unstable aggregates are dispersed after rain and are blocked by fine soil particles, so that water seepage and water retention are not facilitated, and ground runoff is large, so that water erosion is easily caused. In arid regions, however, the non-water-stable aggregates formed by proper cultivation can play a role in resisting drought and preserving soil moisture within a certain period of time. In arid areas, hoeing is carried out frequently after rain, so that a layer of non-water-stable aggregation is formed on the surface soil of a rain-beaten plate again, and capillary tubes for guiding water from bottom to top are cut off to facilitate soil moisture conservation (from Baidu encyclopedics). The analysis results show (fig. 6) that the proportion of coarse aggregates and macro aggregates in the soil of the examples is significantly increased and the proportion of micro aggregates and powdery clay is significantly decreased, compared with the control example. Therefore, the soil aggregate structure is obviously changed after the improvement material is applied to the soil, the formation of soil large aggregates is mainly promoted, and the soil structure is indirectly improved to a certain degree.
In the aspect of grain productivity, compared with the comparative example, in the first year test, the corn grain yield of the embodiment is greatly improved, and in the second year test, because the climate conditions are better than that in the first year, the yield of nearby farmlands is generally high, the corn grain yield of the embodiment is still obviously higher than that of the comparative example, and the yield of the embodiment is about 30% higher than that of the comparative example (fig. 5).
In conclusion, the effectiveness of the technology is verified by the soil measurement result after the technology is implemented, the content of organic matters in the soil can be greatly improved, the biomass of soil microorganisms is obviously improved, the structure of soil aggregates is obviously improved, and the yield of corn is greatly improved.

Claims (7)

1. A long-acting method for improving reclamation soil in mining areas is characterized in that coal gangue is made into a stable structure material, a soil microbial inoculum and corncob particles or wheat bran are made into an active material according to a dry basis weight ratio of 1:9, and straw particles, mineral source potassium humate powder, straw decay-promoting bacteria powder, sodium alginate powder, brown algae oligosaccharide powder and nitrogen fertilizer are made into a neutral organic material by adding water and stirring according to a dry basis weight ratio of (1); finally, mixing the structural material, the active material, the neutral organic material and the inert organic material according to the dry basis weight ratio of 30.5; the improved materials are uniformly scattered into soil at one time, the improved materials are fully mixed with plough layer soil by a mechanical rotary cultivator, the cultivated land is immediately irrigated at one time, the water content of the plough layer soil reaches 30% of the field water capacity, and the sowing and the fertilization are carried out after standing.
2. The long-acting method for improving reclamation soil in mining areas as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stable structural material is made of coal gangue, the coal gangue is crushed and ground into powder to obtain coal gangue powder, the particle size of the coal gangue powder is less than 0.25mm, and the heavy metal content of the coal gangue powder is not higher than the natural background value content of the soil environment quality required in the soil environment quality Standard (GB 15618-1995).
3. The long lasting method for improving reclamation soil in a mine area of claim 1, wherein the active material is prepared by mixing a soil inoculant with the corncob particles or the wheat bran, pulverizing the corncob or the wheat bran to a particle size of less than 0.5cm, uniformly mixing the soil inoculant with the corncob particles or the wheat bran in a dry basis weight ratio of 1:9, and adding water until the water content reaches 5 wt%.
4. The long-acting method for improving the reclamation soil of the mining areas as claimed in claim 1, wherein the neutral organic material consists of straw particles, mineral potassium humate powder, straw saprophytic bacteria powder, sodium alginate powder, alginate oligosaccharide powder and nitrogen fertilizer, the crop straws are firstly collected and crushed to obtain the straw particles, the nitrogen fertilizer adopts mineral fertilizer urea or organic fertilizer, the use amount is determined according to the total nitrogen content of different types of fertilizers after being converted into pure nitrogen, the straw particles, the mineral potassium humate powder, the straw saprophytic bacteria powder, the sodium alginate powder, the alginate oligosaccharide powder and the nitrogen fertilizer are mixed by adding water according to the proportion of 1.
5. The long lasting method of improving a reclamation soil of a mining area as recited in claim 1, wherein the inert organic material is made by carbonizing sludge, crop straw, wood chips; before the production, the straws are crushed to the length of less than 5cm, the heavy metal content of the sludge and the sawdust is measured, and the heavy metal content of the sludge and the sawdust is not higher than the natural background value content of the soil environment quality required in the soil environment quality standard (GB 15618-1995); dewatering the collected sludge to enable the water content of the sludge to be less than 10 wt%, mixing the dewatered sludge, crushed straws and wood chips according to the weight ratio of (10).
6. The long-term method for improving reclamation soil in a mining area according to claim 1, wherein the improved material is composed of a structural material, an active material, a neutral organic material and an inert organic material, the structural material, the active material, the neutral organic material and the inert organic material are stirred and mixed according to a weight ratio of 30.5.
7. The long-lasting method for improving the reclaimed soil of a mining area according to claim 1, wherein the grade of the reclaimed land is evaluated according to national standards of "quality survey monitoring and evaluation of cultivated land" (2016 (2) of Ministry of agriculture) and "quality grade of cultivated land" (GB/T33469-2016), and the amount of the improving material to be applied is determined according to the quality grade of the land, specifically, no improvement is required when the quality of the land is 1 to 3 or the like; when the cultivated land quality is 4-6, the input amount of the improved material is 12-15 t/hm 2 (ii) a When the cultivated land quality is 7-8 and the like, the improving material application amount is 27-33 t/hm 2 (ii) a The input amount of the improved materials is 42-48 t/hm when the cultivated land quality is 9-10 and the like 2 。
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