CN114630587A - 稳定肌酸饮料 - Google Patents
稳定肌酸饮料 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114630587A CN114630587A CN202080073289.3A CN202080073289A CN114630587A CN 114630587 A CN114630587 A CN 114630587A CN 202080073289 A CN202080073289 A CN 202080073289A CN 114630587 A CN114630587 A CN 114630587A
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- Prior art keywords
- beverage
- creatine
- acid
- ready
- drink
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Abstract
本文提供了酸性和近中性pH的即饮饮料,这些即饮饮料包含肌酸、至少一种电解质。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2019年8月23日提交的美国临时专利申请号62/890,772的优先权,将该临时专利申请以其全文并入本文。
发明领域
本发明涉及含有肌酸的饮料和制备此类饮料的方法。
发明背景
肌酸(也称为N-(氨基亚氨基甲基)-N-甲基甘氨酸;甲基葡萄糖胺或N-甲基-胍基乙酸)是存在于肉类和鱼类中的天然氨基酸,并且人体的肝脏、肾脏和胰腺也产生肌酸。可以将肌酸磷酸化为磷酸肌酸,并储存于肌肉中。在高强度、短时间运动(如举重或短跑)期间,磷酸肌酸向二磷酸腺苷(ADP)提供磷酸基团,从而形成三磷酸腺苷(ATP)和肌酸。ATP是人体内的主要能量来源。肌酸的可逆磷酸化(即正向反应和逆向反应两者)由几种肌酸激酶催化。
基于在这些时期肌酸可以提供的研究益处,食用含肌酸的食物/补充剂是一种非常流行的趋势。补充任何生物可利用的肌酸来源(即补充肌酸)可以为参与爆发性项目的运动员提供改善,这些爆发性项目包括持续从几秒至几分钟的所有项目(如短跑、游泳、举重等)。在持续超过约30分钟的项目中,耐力表现受肌酸补充的影响较小,除非这涉及短期能量输出增加,特别是在局部肌肉碳水化合物储备耗尽的情况下。
大多数肌酸补充剂是粉状膳食补充剂,食用者将其溶解在水或其他饮料中,并且在制备后的短时间内食用。缺乏可用的含有肌酸的即饮饮料在很大程度上是因为肌酸降解为肌酐。已知肌酸降解为肌酐取决于pH和温度两者。pH越低,肌酸越快降解为肌酐(Edgar和Shiver,1925 J.Am.Chem.Soc.[美国化学会志],47,第1179-1188页;Cannan和Shore 1928Biochem.J.[生物化学杂志]22,第920-929页)。温度越高,肌酸越快降解为肌酐。天然地,肌酐废物由肌肉代谢产生。每天大约2%的人体肌酸转化为肌酐。肌酐通过血流运输至肾脏。肾脏过滤掉大部分肌酐并将其排至尿液中。
EP 0669083建议在碱性水溶液中配制含肌酸的饮料。美国专利号7,150,880利用肌酸与肌酐的平衡来在饮料中提供“足够稳定”量的肌酸。美国专利号7,150,880描述了饮料组合物,其包含肌酸和一定量的肌酐,该量足以使其中的肌酸在水性介质中基本稳定,该组合物进一步包含甲基黄嘌呤(例如咖啡因)。组合物的肌酐含量从一开始就存在,而不是在组合物储存期间由于肌酸转化为肌酐产生。然而,还不确定刻意将人体废产物添加到供人类食用的饮料中是否合适。美国专利申请公开号2002/0055540描述了肌酐是肌酸消耗导致的不适,即胃痉挛、水肿、出血和脱水的罪魁祸首。
因此,仍然需要含有肌酸的即饮饮料,特别是酸性饮料。
发明概述
在一方面,本发明提供了含有肌酸的酸性和近中性pH的即饮饮料。本发明的饮料具有低于7的pH,含有至少一种肌酸化合物和至少一种电解质。
肌酸可以以从约50mg/L至约5,000mg/L的浓度存在于饮料中。至少一种电解质是以至少约200mg/L,如例如从约200mg/L至约1,000mg/L的浓度存在于饮料中。示例性电解质选自由以下组成的组:钠、钾、钙、镁、氯化物、磷酸盐、碳酸氢盐及其组合。
饮料优选地还含有至少一种支链氨基酸并且任选地包括一种或多种甜味剂、功能成分和/或添加剂。
本发明的饮料表现出贮存稳定性并在冷藏温度下稳定。例如,本发明的饮料在5℃下储存三个月后的肌酸浓度为初始肌酸浓度的至少90%。在另一个实例中,本发明的饮料在环境温度下储存三个月后的肌酸浓度为初始肌酸浓度的至少40%。
具体实施方式
I.定义
如本文所用,“肌酸化合物”是指肌酸(N-(氨基亚氨基甲基)-N-甲基甘氨酸;甲基葡萄糖胺或N-甲基-胍基乙酸)和其所有生物可利用的衍生物。示例性肌酸化合物包括但不限于:一水肌酸、肌酸硝酸盐、磷酸肌酸、肌酸甲酯、肌酸乙酯、肌酸乙酯苹果酸盐、肌酸苹果酸盐、肌酸葡糖酸盐、肌酸盐酸盐、三肌酸苹果酸盐、三肌酸乳清酸盐、肌酸柠檬酸盐、肌酸丙酮酸盐和肌酸α酮戊二酸盐。
如本文所用,“饮料”是指适于人类消耗的液体。
II.饮料
本发明提供了包含至少一种肌酸化合物和至少一种电解质的酸性即饮饮料。
即饮饮料包括碳酸饮料和非碳酸饮料。碳酸饮料包括但不限于,冷冻的碳酸饮料、增强的起泡饮料、可乐、水果风味的起泡饮料(例如,柠檬-酸橙、橙、葡萄、草莓和菠萝)、姜汁汽水、软饮品和沙士。非碳酸饮料包括但不限于果汁、水果风味果汁、果汁饮品、花蜜、蔬菜汁、蔬菜风味汁、运动饮品、能量饮品、增强型水饮品、具有维生素的增强型水、近水饮品(例如,具有天然的或合成的调味剂的水)、椰子汁、茶类饮品(例如,黑茶、绿茶、红茶、乌龙茶)、咖啡、可可饮品、含有乳组分的饮料(例如,乳饮料、含有乳组分的咖啡、欧蕾咖啡(caféau lait)、奶茶、果乳饮料)、含有谷物提取物的饮料以及冰沙。
在特定实施例中,本发明涉及运动饮品或增强型水饮品。
饮料可以是富含卡路里饮料,它具有多达约120卡路里/8盎司份量。
饮料可以是中卡路里饮料,它具有多达约60卡路里/8盎司份量。
饮料可以是低卡路里饮料,它具有多达约40卡路里/8盎司份量。
饮料可以是零卡路里饮料,它具有小于约5卡路里/8盎司份量。
在另一个特定实施例中,饮料不含有牛奶和/或乳制品组分。在另一个特定实施例中,饮料不含有添加的肌酐。
在一个实施例中,饮料的pH低于7,例如饮料的pH<7。本发明的饮料的示例性pH的范围是从约1至<7、从约2至<7、从约3至<7、从约4至<7、从约5至<7和从约6至<7。
在更特定的实施例中,饮料的pH是从约1至约6、从约1至约5、从约1至约4、从约1至约3、从约1至约2、从约2至约6、从约2至约5、从约2至约4、从约2至约3、从约3至约6、从约3至约5、从约3至约4、从约4至约6、从约4至约5或从约5至约6。
在一些实施例中,在配制饮料时,即从一开始测量饮料的pH。在其他实施例中,可以在其他时间(例如,配制后24小时、配制后48小时、配制后1周、配制后2周、配制后3周、配制后4周、配制后5周、配制后6周、配制后7周、配制后8周或配制后3个月)测量pH。
肌酸降解为肌酐会影响饮料的pH。因此,可以使用pH来测量饮料的稳定性。在一些实施例中,在配制后至少48小时,如例如配制后至少1周、配制后至少2周、配制后至少3周、配制后至少4周、配制后至少5周、配制后至少6周、配制后至少7周、配制后至少8周或配制后至少3个月的时间段内饮料的pH基本不变。pH的“实质变化”在本文中被定义为与初始测量值相比后续测量值的变化大于±1.0。
肌酸稳定性也可以通过由高效液相色谱法(HPLC)确定样品中的肌酸浓度来测量。通过HPLC测量肌酸的方法是本领域已知的(例如Analytical Biochemistry[分析生物化学]214,第278-283页(1993))。下文实例1中也提供了示例性方法。
当在5℃下储存时,本发明的饮料在至少三个月的时间段内表现出最小的肌酸降解。在特定实施例中,在5℃下储存三个月后,饮料的肌酸浓度为初始肌酸浓度的至少90%、初始肌酸浓度的至少95%、初始肌酸浓度的至少97%、初始肌酸浓度的至少98%或初始肌酸浓度的至少99%。“初始浓度”是指配制时(例如制备饮料的24小时内)所测量的肌酸浓度。
在其他实施例中,当在5℃下储存四个月、五个月、六个月、七个月、八个月、九个月、十个月、十一个月或十二个月时,饮料的肌酸浓度为初始肌酸浓度的至少90%。
在还其他实施例中,当在5℃下储存四个月、五个月、六个月、七个月、八个月、九个月、十个月、十一个月或十二个月时,饮料的肌酸浓度为初始肌酸浓度的至少75%。
本发明的饮料还表现出贮存稳定性,即在环境温度(约20℃)下储存三个月后,饮料的肌酸浓度为初始肌酸浓度的至少40%、初始浓度的至少45%或初始肌酸浓度的至少50%。在更特定的实施例中,当在环境温度下储存四个月、五个月、六个月、七个月、八个月、九个月、十个月、十一个月或十二个月时,饮料的肌酸浓度为初始肌酸浓度的至少40%。
饮料中的肌酸浓度可以为从约50mg/L至约5,000mg/L,如例如从约100mg/L至约5,000mg/L、从约500mg/L至约5,000mg/L、从约1,000mg/L至约5,000mg/L、从约2,000mg/L至约5,000mg/L、从约3,000mg/L至约5,000mg/L和从约4,000mg/L至约5,000mg。在特定实施例中,肌酸浓度是指肌酸初始浓度。
本酸性饮料配制品中肌酸的稳定性归因于某些电解质的存在。不希望受理论的束缚,据信盐形式的电解质通过在如下所示的位置结合并防止肌酐产生的分子内反应来稳定肌酸分子,如下所示。
A.电解质
本发明的即饮饮料含有至少一种电解质。电解质的非限制性实例包括钠、钾、钙、镁、氯化物、磷酸盐、碳酸氢盐及其组合。用于本发明的电解质和离子组分通常但不一定由它们相应的水溶性和无毒性盐获得。除非另有定义,否则饮料中电解质或离子组分的量是基于最终可饮用的饮料组合物中存在的电解质或离子组分。电解质浓度仅是离子而不是盐。
本发明的饮料优选地含有至少约200mg/L、至少约300mg/L、至少约400mg/L、至少约500mg/L、至少约600mg/L、至少约700mg/L或至少约800mg/L的总电解质浓度。在特定实施例中,饮料含有从约400mg/L至约1,000mg/L、从约400mg/L至约900mg/L、从约400mg/L至约800mg/L、从约400mg/L至约700mg/L、从约400mg/L至约600mg/L、从约400mg/L至约500mg/L、从约500mg/L至约1,000mg/L的电解质浓度。
钾离子组分可以由任何盐(包括氯化物、碳酸盐、硫酸盐、乙酸盐、碳酸氢盐、柠檬酸盐、磷酸盐、磷酸氢盐、酒石酸盐、山梨酸盐、或其组合)提供。钾离子优选地以按重量计至少0.0025%至约0.08%、从约0.0075%至约0.06%或从约0.0075%至约0.015%的量存在于本发明的饮料中。
本发明的饮料可以含有从约5mg/L至约1,000mg/L,更优选地从约50mg/L至约300mg/L,如例如从约100mg/L至约300mg/L、从约200mg/L至约300mg/L、从约50mg/L至约200mg/L、从约100mg/L至约200mg/L或从约100mg/L至约200mg/L的钾。
钠离子组分可以由任何盐(包括氯化物、碳酸盐、硫酸盐、乙酸盐、碳酸氢盐、柠檬酸盐、磷酸盐、磷酸氢盐、酒石酸盐、山梨酸盐、或其组合)提供。钠离子优选地以按重量计至少约0.005%至约0.1%,从约0.0075%至约0.075%或约0.015%至约0.05%的量存在于本发明的饮料中。
本发明的饮料可以含有从约5mg/L至约1,000mg/L,更优选地从约300mg/L至约800mg/L的钠,如例如从约300mg/L至约700mg/L、从约300mg/L至约600mg/L、从约300mg/L至约500mg/L、从约300mg/L至约400mg/L、从约400mg/L至约800mg/L、从约400mg/L至约700mg/L、从约400mg/L至约600mg/L、从约400mg/L至约500mg/L、从约500mg/L至约800mg/L、从约500mg/L至约700mg/L、从约500mg/L至约600mg/L、从约600mg/L至约800mg/L、从约600mg/L至约700mg/L和从约700mg/L至约800mg/L的钠。在特定实施例中,本发明的饮料含有从约600mg/L至约700mg/L的钠。
钙离子组分可以由任何盐(包括氯化物、碳酸盐、硫酸盐、乙酸盐、碳酸氢盐、柠檬酸盐、磷酸盐、磷酸氢盐、酒石酸盐、山梨酸盐、或其组合)提供。钙离子优选地以按重量计至少约0.0005%至约0.010%的量存在于本发明的饮料中。
本发明的饮料可以含有从约5mg/L至约1,000mg/L,更优选地从约1mg/L至约50mg/L,如例如从约5mg/L至约10mg/L的钙。
镁离子组分可以由任何盐(包括氯化物、碳酸盐、硫酸盐、乙酸盐、碳酸氢盐、柠檬酸盐、磷酸盐、磷酸氢盐、酒石酸盐、山梨酸盐、或其组合)提供。镁离子优选地以按重量计至少约0.0005%至约0.010%的量存在于本发明的饮料中。
本发明的饮料可以含有从约5mg/L至约1,000mg/L,更优选地从约1mg/L至约50mg/L,如例如从约5mg/L至约20mg/L的镁。
饮料可以含有按重量计从约0.005%至约0.20%、从约0.01%至约0.15%或从约0.02%至约0.075%的氯离子。氯离子组分可以由盐(如氯化钠、氯化钾或其组合)提供。
在特定实施例中,本发明的饮料含有选自由以下组成的组的至少一种电解质:钠、钾、镁、钙及其组合。在另一个特定实施例中,本发明的饮料含有选自由以下组成的组的至少一种电解质:钠、钾、镁、钙及其组合,其中每种电解质的量如上所述。
B.支链氨基酸(BCAA)
支链氨基酸(BCAA)是具有有分支的脂肪族侧链(与三个或更多个碳原子结合的中心碳原子)的氨基酸。本发明的即饮饮料含有至少一种支链氨基酸。有三种蛋白原BCAA:亮氨酸、异亮氨酸和缬氨酸。非蛋白原BCAA包括2-氨基异丁酸。在特定实施例中,饮料包含至少一种亮氨酸、异亮氨酸和/或缬氨酸。在更特定的实施例中,饮料包含亮氨酸、异亮氨酸和缬氨酸。BCAA可以为D-或L-构型。
本发明的饮料优选地含有从约50mg/L(ppm)至约5,000mg/L,如例如从约1,000mg/L至约5,000mg/L、从约2,000mg/L至约5,000mg/L、从约3,000mg/L至约5,000mg/L、从约4,000mg/L至约5,000mg/L、从约1,000mg/L至约4,000mg/L、从约2,000mg/L至约4,000mg/L、从约3,000mg/L至约4,000mg/L、从约1,000mg/L至约3,000mg/L、从约2,000mg/L至约3,000mg/L或从约1,000mg/L至约2,000mg/L的总BCAA浓度。
在特定实施例中,本发明的饮料含有约2,000mg/L至约3,000mg/L的BCAA。
C.饮料组分
本发明的即饮饮料可以含有额外的典型饮料成分(例如至少一种甜味剂和/或至少一种功能成分和/或至少一种添加剂)。
甜味剂可以是天然甜味剂、天然高效甜味剂或合成甜味剂。如本文所用,短语“天然高效甜味剂”(NHPS)是指在自然界中天然地发现并且在特征方面具有大于蔗糖、果糖、或葡萄糖的甜度效力,又具有较小卡路里的任何甜味剂。天然高效甜味剂可以作为纯化合物或者可替代地作为提取物的一部分提供。如本文所用,短语“合成甜味剂”是指在自然界中未天然地发现并且在特征方面具有大于蔗糖、果糖或葡萄糖的甜度效力,又具有较低卡路里的任何组合物。
NHPS非限制性实例包括甜叶菊和甜菊醇糖苷,如莱鲍迪苷M、莱鲍迪苷D、莱鲍迪苷A、莱鲍迪苷N、莱鲍迪苷O、莱鲍迪苷E、甜菊单糖苷、甜菊双糖苷、甜茶苷、杜克苷B、杜克苷A、莱鲍迪苷B、莱鲍迪苷G、甜菊苷、莱鲍迪苷C、莱鲍迪苷F、莱鲍迪苷I、莱鲍迪苷H、莱鲍迪苷L、莱鲍迪苷K、莱鲍迪苷J、莱鲍迪苷M2、莱鲍迪苷D2、莱鲍迪苷S、莱鲍迪苷T、莱鲍迪苷U、莱鲍迪苷V、莱鲍迪苷W、莱鲍迪苷Z1、莱鲍迪苷Z2、莱鲍迪苷IX、酶促糖基化的甜菊醇糖苷及其组合。
在某些实施例中,甜菊醇糖苷共混物包含按重量计至少约5%,如例如至少约10%、至少约20%、至少约30%、至少约40%、至少约50%、至少约60%、至少约70%、至少约80%、至少约90%、至少约95%或至少约97%的甜菊醇糖苷。
在示例性实施例中,甜菊醇糖苷共混物包含按重量计至少约50%,如例如从约50%至约90%、从约50%至约80%、从约50%至约70%、从约50%至约60%、从约60%至约90%、从约60%至约80%、从约60%至约70%、从约70%至约90%、从约70%至约80%和从约80%至约90%的甜菊醇糖苷。
另一示例性NHPS是罗汉果和相关的罗汉果苷化合物,如grosmogroside I、罗汉果苷IA、罗汉果苷IE、11-氧代罗汉果苷IA、罗汉果苷II、罗汉果苷II A、罗汉果苷II B、罗汉果苷II E、7-氧代罗汉果苷II E、罗汉果苷III、罗汉果苷IIIe、11-氧代罗汉果苷IIIE、11-脱氧罗汉果苷III、罗汉果苷IV、罗汉果苷IVA、11-氧代罗汉果苷IV、11-氧代罗汉果苷IVA、罗汉果苷V、异罗汉果苷V、11-脱氧罗汉果苷V、7-氧代罗汉果苷V、11-氧代罗汉果苷V、异罗汉果苷V、罗汉果苷VI、罗汉果醇、11-氧代罗汉果醇、赛门苷I、赛门苷I的异构体(例如,在20170119032中披露的那些;将该专利通过引用以其全文并入)、(3β,9β,10α,11α,24R)-3-[(4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-6-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基]-25-羟基-9-甲基-19-去甲羊毛甾-5-烯-24-基-[2-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-6-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷);(3β,9β,10α,11α,24R)-[(2-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-6-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基)氧基]-25-羟基-9-甲基-19-去甲羊毛甾-5-烯-24-基-[2-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-6-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷);和(3β,9β,10α,11α,24R)-[(2-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-6-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基)氧基]-25-羟基-9-甲基-19-去甲羊毛甾-5-烯-24-基-[2-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-6-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷)。
在某些实施例中,罗汉果苷共混物包含按重量计至少约5%,如例如至少约10%、至少约20%、至少约30%、至少约40%、至少约50%、至少约60%、至少约70%、至少约80%、至少约90%、至少约95%或至少约97%的罗汉果苷。
其他示例性NHPS包括莫那甜(monatin)和其盐(莫那甜SS、RR、RS、SR)、仙茅甜蛋白(curculin)、甘草酸及其盐、索马甜、莫内林(monellin)、马槟榔甜蛋白(mabinlin)、布拉齐因(mabinlin)、贺兰甜精(hernandulcin)、叶甘素、根皮酚苷(glycyphyllin)、根皮苷、三叶苷、白元参苷(baiyunoside)、欧亚水龙骨甜素(osladin)、多足蕨苷(polypodoside)A、蝶卡苷(pterocaryoside)A、蝶卡苷B、无患子倍半萜苷(mukurozioside)、假秦艽苷(phlomisoside)I、巴西甘草甜素(periandrin)I、相思子三萜苷(abrusoside)A、以及青钱柳苷I。
在一个实施例中,甜味剂是碳水化合物甜味剂。合适的碳水化合物甜味剂包括但不限于由以下组成的组:蔗糖、甘油醛、二羟基丙酮、赤藓糖、苏糖、赤藓酮糖、阿拉伯糖、来苏糖、核糖、木糖、核酮糖、木酮糖、阿洛糖、阿卓糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、古洛糖、艾杜糖、甘露糖、塔罗糖、果糖、阿洛酮糖、山梨糖、塔格糖、甘露庚酮糖、景天庚酮糖、辛酮糖、岩藻糖、鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、松二糖、唾液糖及其组合。
其他合适的甜味剂包括赛门苷、莫那甜及其盐(莫那甜SS、RR、RS、SR)、仙茅甜蛋白、罗汉果苷、甘草酸及其盐、索马甜、莫内林、马槟榔甜蛋白、布拉齐因、贺兰甜精、叶甘素、根皮酚苷、根皮苷、三叶苷、白元参苷、欧亚水龙骨甜素、多足蕨苷A、蝶卡苷A、蝶卡苷B、无患子倍半萜苷、假秦艽苷I、巴西甘草甜素I、相思子三萜苷A、甜菊双糖苷和青钱柳苷I、糖醇类如赤藓糖醇、三氯蔗糖、乙酰舒泛钾(potassium acesulfame)、安赛蜜酸及其盐、阿司帕坦、阿力甜、糖精及其盐、新橙皮苷二氢查尔酮、环己基氨基磺酸盐、环己氨磺酸及其盐、纽甜、爱德万甜(advantame)、糖基化的甜菊醇糖苷(GSG)及其组合。
在一个实施例中,甜味剂是热量型甜味剂或热量型甜味剂的混合物。在另一个实施例中,热量型甜味剂选自蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖、高果糖玉米/淀粉糖浆、甜菜糖、甘蔗糖及其组合。
在另一个实施例中,甜味剂是稀有糖,该稀有糖选自阿卢糖、古洛糖、曲二糖、山梨糖、来苏糖、核酮糖、木糖、木酮糖、D-阿洛糖、L-核糖、D-塔格糖、L-葡萄糖、L-岩藻糖、L-阿拉伯糖、松二糖及其组合。
即饮饮料中甜味剂的量取决于甜味剂的特性和所需的甜度水平。在优选的实施例中,甜味剂以增甜量(即可检测到甜味的浓度)存在。
如本领域技术人员将理解的,高效甜味剂更有效,并且因此需要较低的浓度来达到特定蔗糖等效值(SE)。非蔗糖甜味剂的甜度可以相对于蔗糖参照物通过确定非蔗糖甜味剂的蔗糖等效值(SE)来测量。典型地,对味道专家组成员进行培训以检测含有1%-15%之间的蔗糖(w/v)的参考蔗糖溶液的甜度。然后在一系列稀释度下品尝其他非蔗糖甜味剂,以确定与给定百分比的蔗糖参考物一样甜的非蔗糖甜味剂的浓度。例如,如果非蔗糖甜味剂的1%溶液与10%蔗糖溶液一样甜,则将所述甜味剂称为效力是蔗糖的10倍,并且具有10%的蔗糖等效值。
在一个实施例中,一种或多种甜味剂为即饮饮料提供约1%(w/v)(如例如约2%、约3%、约4%、约5%、约6%、约7%、约8%、约9%、约10%、约11%、约12%、约13%、约14%或在这些值之间的任何范围)的蔗糖等效值。
在另一个实施例中,本发明的即饮饮料具有从约2%至约14%(如例如从约2%至约10%、从约2%至约5%、从约5%至约15%、从约5%至约10%或从约10%至约15%)的SE。
可以用白利糖度(°Bx)描述在参照溶液中的蔗糖的量,并且因此描述甜度的另一种度量。一白利糖度是在100克溶液中有1克蔗糖,并且表示作为重量百分比的该溶液的强度(%w/w)(严格地说,按质量计)。在实施例中,即饮饮料用蔗糖增甜,该饮料可以是约1白利糖度、约2白利糖度、约3白利糖度、约4白利糖度、约5白利糖度、约6白利糖度、约7白利糖度、约8白利糖度、约9白利糖度、约10白利糖度、约11白利糖度、约12白利糖度、约13白利糖度、约14白利糖度或在这些值之间的任何范围。
示例性功能成分包括但不限于皂苷、抗氧化剂、膳食纤维来源、脂肪酸、维生素、葡糖胺、矿物质、防腐剂、水合剂、益生菌、益生元、体重管理剂、骨质疏松症管理剂、植物雌激素、长链脂肪族饱和伯醇、植物甾醇及其组合。
在某些实施例中,功能成分是至少一种皂苷。如本文所用,至少一种皂苷可以包含作为本文提供的组合物的功能成分的单一皂苷或多种皂苷。皂苷是包含苷元环结构和一个或多个糖部分的糖苷天然植物产物。用于本发明的特定实施例中的特定皂苷的非限制性实例包括A组乙酰皂苷、B组乙酰皂苷和E组乙酰皂苷。皂苷的几种常见来源包括具有按干重计大约5%皂苷含量的大豆、肥皂草植物(肥皂草属(Saponaria),它的根在历史上用作肥皂)以及苜蓿、芦荟、芦笋、葡萄、鹰嘴豆、丝兰及各种其他豆类和野草。皂苷可以通过使用本领域普通技术人员熟知的提取技术从这些来源获得。常规提取技术的描述可以见于美国专利申请号2005/0123662中。
在某些实施例中,功能成分是至少一种抗氧化剂。如本文所用,“抗氧化剂”是指阻止、抑制或减少对细胞和生物分子的氧化损害的任何物质。
用于本发明实施例的适合的抗氧化剂的实例包括但不限于维生素、维生素辅因子、矿物质、激素、类胡萝卜素、类胡萝卜素萜类、非类胡萝卜素萜类、类黄酮、类黄酮多酚(例如,生物类黄酮)、黄酮醇、黄酮、酚、多元酚、酚酯、多酚酯、非类黄酮酚类、异硫氰酸酯类、及其组合。在一些实施例中,抗氧化剂是维生素A、维生素C、维生素E、泛醌、矿物质硒、锰、褪黑激素、α-胡萝卜素、β-胡萝卜素、番茄红素、叶黄素、玉蜀黍黄素(zeanthin)、隐黄素(crypoxanthin)、白藜芦醇(reservatol)、丁子香酚、槲皮素、儿茶素、棉酚、橙皮素、姜黄素、阿魏酸、百里酚、羟基酪醇、姜黄、百里香、橄榄油、硫辛酸、谷胱甘肽(glutathinone)、谷氨酰胺(gutamine)、草酸、生育酚衍生化合物、丁基化羟基苯甲醚(BHA)、丁羟甲苯(BHT)、乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)、叔丁基对苯二酚、乙酸、果胶、生育三烯酚、生育酚、辅酶Q10、玉米黄素、虾青素、斑蝥黄(canthaxantin)、皂苷、柠檬苦素、山柰酚(kaempfedrol)、杨梅酮、异鼠李素、原花色素、槲皮素、芦丁、木犀草素、芹菜素、红橘黄酮(tangeritin)、橙皮素、柚皮素、圣草酚(erodictyol)、黄烷-3-醇(例如,花青素)、没食子儿茶素、表儿茶素及其没食子酸酯形式、表没食子儿茶素及其没食子酸酯形式(ECGC)、茶黄素及其没食子酸酯形式、茶玉红精、异黄酮、植物雌激素、染料木黄酮、大豆黄素、黄豆黄素、花色素苷(anythocyanin)、氰化物(cyaniding)、飞燕草色素、锦葵花素、花葵素、甲基花青素、矮牵牛素、鞣花酸、没食子酸、水杨酸、迷迭香酸、肉桂酸及其衍生物(例如,阿魏酸)、绿原酸、菊苣酸(chicoric acid)、五倍子鞣质、鞣花丹宁、花黄素、β-花青苷和其他植物颜料、水飞蓟素、柠檬酸、木酚素、抗营养素(antinutrient)、胆红素、尿酸、R-α-硫辛酸、N-乙酰半胱氨酸、油柑宁(emblicanin)、苹果提取物、苹果皮提取物(苹果多酚)、红路易波士提取物(rooibos extract red)、绿路易波士提取物(rooibos extract,green)、山楂果提取物、覆盆子提取物、生咖啡抗氧化剂(GCA)、野樱梅提取物20%、葡萄籽提取物(VinOseed)、可可豆提取物、啤酒花提取物、山竹果提取物、山竹果壳提取物、蔓越莓提取物、石榴提取物、石榴皮提取物、石榴籽提取物、山楂浆果提取物、波梅拉(pomella)石榴提取物、肉桂皮提取物、葡萄皮提取物、越桔提取物、松树皮提取物、碧萝芷、接骨木提取物、桑树根提取物、枸杞(gogi)提取物、黑莓提取物、蓝莓提取物、蓝莓叶提取物、树莓提取物、姜黄提取物、柑橘属生物类黄酮、黑醋栗、姜、巴西莓粉、生咖啡豆提取物、绿茶提取物以及植酸或其组合。在替代性实施例中,抗氧化剂是合成的抗氧化剂,例如,如丁基化羟基甲苯或丁基化羟基苯甲醚。用于本发明的实施例的适合抗氧化剂的其他来源包括但不限于水果、蔬菜、茶、可可、巧克力、香辛料、草本植物、大米、来自家畜的器官肉类、酵母、全谷类(whole grain)或谷类(cereal grain)。
特定的抗氧化剂属于称为多元酚(也称为“多酚”)的植物营养素类,这些多元酚是在植物中发现的一组化学物质,其特征在于每个分子存在超过一个酚基团。用于本发明的实施例的适合的多元酚包括儿茶素、原花色素、原花青素、花青素、槲皮素、芦丁、白藜芦醇、异黄酮、姜黄素、安石榴苷、鞣花单宁、橙皮苷、柚皮苷、柑橘类黄酮、绿原酸、其他类似材料及其组合。
在一个实施例中,抗氧化剂是儿茶素,如例如表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)。在另一个实施例中,抗氧化剂选自原花色素、原花青素或其组合。在特定实施例中,抗氧化剂是花青素。在还其他实施例中,抗氧化剂选自槲皮素、芦丁或其组合。在一个实施例中,抗氧化剂是白藜芦醇。在另一个实施例中,抗氧化剂是异黄酮。在还另一个实施例中,抗氧化剂是姜黄素。在又一个实施例中,抗氧化剂选自槲皮素、鞣花单宁或其组合。在还另一实施例中,抗氧化剂是绿原酸。
在某些实施例中,功能成分是至少一种膳食纤维。在组成和键两方面具有显著不同的结构的多种聚合物碳水化合物落在膳食纤维的定义内。此类化合物是本领域技术人员熟知的,它们的非限制性实例包括非淀粉多糖、木质素、纤维素、甲基纤维素、半纤维素、β-葡聚糖、果胶、树胶、粘质、蜡、菊糖、寡糖、果寡糖、环糊精、壳质及其组合。尽管膳食纤维通常源于植物来源,但是难消化动物产物如壳质也被分类为膳食纤维。壳质是由通过与纤维素的键类似的β(1-4)键连接的乙酰基葡萄糖胺单元组成的多糖。
在某些实施例中,功能成分是至少一种脂肪酸。如本文所用,“脂肪酸”是指任何直链单羧酸并且包括饱和脂肪酸、不饱和脂肪酸、长链脂肪酸、中链脂肪酸、短链脂肪酸、脂肪酸前体(包括ω-9脂肪酸前体)和酯化脂肪酸。如本文所用,“长链多不饱和脂肪酸”是指具有长脂肪族尾部的任何多不饱和羧酸或有机酸。如本文所用,“ω-3脂肪酸”是指任何多不饱和脂肪酸,其具有作为从其碳链的末端甲基端起的第三个碳碳键的第一双键。在特定实施例中,ω-3脂肪酸可以包括长链ω-3脂肪酸。如本文所用,“ω-6脂肪酸”是任何多不饱和脂肪酸,其具有作为从其碳链的末端甲基端起的第六个碳碳键的第一双键。
用于本发明的实施例中的合适的ω-3脂肪酸可以来源于例如藻类、鱼、动物、植物或其组合。合适的ω-3脂肪酸的实例包括但不限于亚麻酸、α-亚麻酸、二十碳五烯酸、二十二碳六烯酸、十八碳四烯酸、二十碳四烯酸及其组合。在一些实施例中,合适的ω-3脂肪酸可以在鱼油(例如,鲱鱼油、金枪鱼油、鲑鱼油、鲣鱼油和鳕鱼油)、微藻类ω-3油或其组合中提供。在特定实施例中,合适的ω-3脂肪酸可以来源于可商购的ω-3脂肪酸油,如微藻DHA油(来自马里兰州哥伦比亚的马泰克公司(Martek,Columbia,MD))、OmegaPure(来自德克萨斯州休斯顿的ω-蛋白公司(Omega Protein,Houston,TX))、屈大麻酚(Marinol)C-38(来自伊利诺州长纳霍的脂类营养公司(Lipid Nutrition,Channahon,IL))、鲣鱼油和MEG-3(来自新斯科舍省达特茅斯的海洋营养公司(Ocean Nutrition,Dartmouth,NS))、Evogel(来自德国霍尔茨明登的德之馨公司(Symrise,Holzminden,Germany))、来自金枪鱼或鲑鱼的海洋油(来自康涅狄格州威尔顿的阿里斯塔公司(Arista Wilton,CT))、OmegaSource 2000、来自鲱鱼的海洋油和来自鳕鱼的海洋油(来自北卡罗来纳州研究三角区的ω资源公司(OmegaSource,RTP,NC))。
适合的ω-6脂肪酸包括但不限于亚油酸、γ-亚麻酸、二高-γ-亚麻酸、花生四烯酸、二十碳二烯酸、二十二碳二烯酸、肾上腺酸、二十二碳五烯酸及其组合。
用于本发明实施例的适合的酯化脂肪酸包括但不限于,含有ω-3和/或ω-6脂肪酸的单酰基甘油、含有ω-3和/或ω-6脂肪酸的二酰基甘油或者含有ω-3和/或ω-6脂肪酸的三酰基甘油及其组合。
在某些实施例中,功能成分是至少一种维生素。适合的维生素包括维生素A、维生素D、维生素E、维生素K、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B3、维生素B5、维生素B6、维生素B7、维生素B9、维生素B12、和维生素C。
多种其他化合物已被一些官方分类为维生素。这些化合物可以被称为假维生素,并且包括但不限于如泛醌(辅酶Q10)、潘氨酸、二甲基甘氨酸、特斯垂(taestrile)、苦杏仁苷、类黄酮、对-氨基苯甲酸、腺嘌呤、腺苷酸和s-甲基甲硫氨酸等化合物。如本文所用,术语维生素包括假维生素。在一些实施例中,维生素选自维生素A、维生素D、维生素E、维生素K及其组合的脂溶性维生素。在其他实施例中,维生素是选自维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B3、维生素B6、维生素B12、叶酸、生物素、泛酸、维生素C及其组合的水溶性维生素。
在某些实施例中,功能成分是葡糖胺,任选地进一步包含硫酸软骨素。
在某些实施例中,功能成分是至少一种矿物质。根据本发明的传授内容,矿物质包括活生物体所需要的无机化学元素。矿物质由广泛范围的组合物(例如,元素、简单的盐和复合硅酸盐)组成并且晶体结构也广泛不同。它们可以天然地出现于食物和饮料中,可以作为补充剂添加,或者可以与食物或饮料分开地食用或施用。
矿物质可以被分类为相对大量需要的主体矿物质(bulk mineral)或相对小量需要的微量矿物质。主体矿物质通常需要的量是大于或等于约100mg/天,并且微量矿物质是需要量为小于约100mg/天的那些。
在一个实施例中,矿物质是选自主体矿物质、微量矿物质或其组合。主体矿物质的非限制性实例包括钙、氯、镁、磷、钾、钠和硫。微量矿物质的非限制性实例包括铬、钴、铜、氟、铁、锰、钼、硒、锌和碘。尽管碘通常被分类为微量矿物质,但是它需要比其他微量矿物质更大的量并且常常被分类为主体矿物质。
在特定实施例中,矿物质是被认为是对于人类营养所必需的微量矿物质,它的非限制性实例包括铋、硼、锂、镍、铷、硅、锶、碲、锡、钛、钨和钒。
本文呈现的矿物质可以呈本领域普通技术人员已知的任何形式。例如,在一个实施例中,矿物质可以是处于其具有正电荷或负电荷的离子形式。在另一个实施例中,矿物质可以是处于其分子形式。例如,硫和磷通常天然地作为硫酸盐、硫化物和磷酸盐存在。
在某些实施例中,功能成分是至少一种防腐剂。在特定实施例中,防腐剂选自抗微生物剂、抗氧化剂、抗酵素剂或其组合。抗微生物剂的非限制性实例包括亚硫酸盐、丙酸盐、苯甲酸盐、山梨酸盐、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、细菌素、盐、糖、乙酸、二碳酸二甲酯(DMDC)、乙醇和臭氧。在一个实施例中,防腐剂是亚硫酸盐。亚硫酸盐包括但不限于二氧化硫、亚硫酸氢钠和亚硫酸氢钾。在另一个实施例中,防腐剂是丙酸盐。丙酸盐包括但不限于丙酸、丙酸钙和丙酸钠。在又另一个实施例中,防腐剂是苯甲酸盐。苯甲酸盐包括但不限于苯甲酸钠和苯甲酸。在还另一个实施例中,防腐剂是山梨酸盐。山梨酸盐包括但不限于山梨酸钾、山梨酸钠、山梨酸钙和山梨酸。在还另一实施例中,防腐剂是硝酸盐和/或亚硝酸盐。硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐包括但不限于硝酸钠和亚硝酸钠。在另一个实施例中,至少一种防腐剂是细菌素,如例如尼生素。在还另一个实施例中,防腐剂是乙醇。在又另一个实施例中,防腐剂是臭氧。适合用作本发明的特定实施例中的防腐剂的抗酶剂的非限制性实例包括抗坏血酸、柠檬酸和金属螯合剂如乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)。
在某些实施例中,功能成分是至少一种水合剂。在另一个特定实施例中,水合剂是补充肌肉所燃烧的能量储存的碳水化合物。在美国专利号4,312,856、4,853,237、5,681,569和6,989,171中描述了用于本发明的特定实施例中的合适的碳水化合物。适合的碳水化合物的非限制性实例包括单糖、二糖、寡糖、复合多糖或其组合。用于在特定实施例中使用的适合类型的单糖的非限制性实例包括丙糖、丁糖、戊糖、己糖、庚糖、辛糖和壬糖。特定类型的适合的单糖的非限制性实例包括甘油醛、二羟基丙酮、赤藓糖、苏阿糖、赤藓酮糖、阿拉伯糖、来苏糖、核糖、木糖、核酮糖、木酮糖、阿洛糖、阿卓糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、古洛糖、艾杜糖、甘露糖、塔洛糖、果糖、阿洛酮糖、山梨糖、塔格糖、甘露庚酮糖、景天庚酮糖(sedoheltulose)、辛酮糖(octolose)和唾液糖(sialose)。适合的二糖的非限制性实例包括蔗糖、乳糖和麦芽糖。适合寡糖的非限制性实例包括蔗糖、麦芽三糖和麦芽糖糊精。在其他特定实施例中,碳水化合物由玉米糖浆、甜菜糖、甘蔗糖、汁或茶提供。
在另一个特定实施例中,水合剂是提供细胞再水合的黄烷醇。黄烷醇是存在于植物中的一类天然物质,并且通常包括附接到一个或多个化学部分的2-苯基苯并吡喃酮分子骨架。用于在本发明的特定实施例中使用的适合的黄烷醇的非限制性实例包括儿茶素、表儿茶素、没食子儿茶素、表没食子儿茶素、表儿茶素没食子酸酯、表没食子儿茶素3-没食子酸酯、茶黄素、茶黄素3-没食子酸酯、茶黄素3’-没食子酸酯、茶黄素3,3’没食子酸酯、茶红素或其组合。黄烷醇的几种常见来源包括茶树、果实、蔬菜和花。在优选的实施例中,黄烷醇提取自绿茶。
在特定实施例中,水合剂是增强运动耐力的甘油溶液。含有甘油的溶液的摄取已显示提供多种有利的生理作用,如扩大的血容量、降低的心率和降低的直肠温度。
在某些实施例中,功能成分选自至少一种益生菌、益生元及其组合。益生菌是影响人体天然存在的胃肠道微生物区系的有益微生物。益生菌的实例包括但不限于给予对人的有利作用的乳酸杆菌(Lactobacilli)属、双歧杆菌(Bifidobacteria)属、链球菌(Streptococci)属或其组合的细菌。在本发明的特定实施例中,至少一种益生菌选自乳酸杆菌属。根据本发明的其他特定实施例,益生菌选自双歧杆菌属。在特定实施例中,益生菌是选自链球菌属。
可以根据本发明使用的益生菌是本领域技术人员熟知的。包含益生菌的食品的非限制性实例包括酸乳、德国泡菜、克非尔(kefir)、韩国泡菜、发酵的蔬菜以及含有通过改善肠内微平衡来有利地影响宿主动物的微生物元素的其他食品。
根据本发明的实施例,益生元包括而不限于粘多糖、寡糖、多糖、氨基酸、维生素、营养物前体、蛋白质及其组合。根据本发明的特定实施例,益生元选自膳食纤维,包括而不限于多糖和寡糖。根据本发明的特定实施例被分类为益生元的寡糖的非限制性实例包括果寡糖、菊糖、低聚异麦芽糖、乳糖醇(lactilol)、低聚乳果糖、乳果糖、焦糊精、大豆寡糖、低聚反式半乳糖和低聚木糖。在其他实施例中,益生元是氨基酸。尽管多种已知的益生元发生分解为益生菌提供碳水化合物,但是一些益生菌也需要氨基酸来提供养分。
益生元天然地存在于多种食物中,这些食物包括而不限于香蕉、浆果、芦笋、大蒜、小麦、燕麦、大麦(以及其他全谷类)、亚麻籽、番茄、洋姜(Jerusalem artichoke)、洋葱和菊苣、菜叶(green)(例如,蒲公英嫩叶、菠菜、羽衣甘蓝叶、甜菜、无头甘蓝、芥菜叶、芜菁叶)以及豆类(例如,小扁豆、云豆、鹰嘴豆、海军豆、白豆、黑豆)。
在某些实施例中,功能成分是至少一种体重管理剂。如本文所用,“体重管理剂”包括食欲抑制剂和/或生热作用剂。如本文所用,短语“食欲抑制剂”、“食欲饱腹组合物”、“饱腹剂”和“饱腹成分”同义。短语“食欲抑制剂”描述了当以有效量递送时抑制(suppress,inhibit)、减少或以其他方式缩减人的食欲的大量营养素、草本提取物、外源性激素、减食欲药、食欲不振药、药物、及其组合。短语“生热作用剂”描述了当以有效量递送时刺激或以其他方式增强人的生热作用或代谢的大量营养素、草本提取物、外源性激素、减食欲药、食欲不振药、药物、及其组合。
适合的体重管理剂包括选自由以下组成的组的大量营养素:蛋白质、碳水化合物、膳食脂肪、及其组合。蛋白质、碳水化合物和膳食脂肪的消耗会刺激具有食欲遏制作用的肽的释放。例如,蛋白质和膳食脂肪的消耗会刺激胃肠激素胆囊收缩素(CCK)的释放,而碳水化合物和膳食脂肪的消耗会刺激胰高血糖素样肽1(GLP-1)的释放。
合适的大量营养素体重管理剂还包括碳水化合物。碳水化合物通常包括被身体转化成用于能量的葡萄糖的糖、淀粉、纤维素和树胶。碳水化合物通常被分成两类:可消化碳水化合物(例如,单糖、二糖和淀粉)和不可消化碳水化合物(例如,膳食纤维)。研究已显示在小肠内不可消化的碳水化合物和具有降低的吸收和消化性的复合聚合物碳水化合物刺激抑制食物摄取的生理反应。因此,本文呈现的碳水化合物理想地包括不可消化的碳水化合物或具有降低的消化性的碳水化合物。此类碳水化合物的非限制性实例包括聚右旋糖;菊糖;源于单糖的多元醇如赤藓糖醇、甘露糖醇、木糖醇和山梨糖醇;源于二糖的醇如异麦芽酮糖醇、乳糖醇和麦芽糖醇;以及氢化淀粉水解产物。下文更详细地描述碳水化合物。
在另一个特定实施例中,体重管理剂是膳食脂肪。膳食脂肪是包含饱和脂肪酸和不饱和脂肪酸的组合的脂质。已显示多不饱和脂肪酸具有比单不饱和脂肪酸更大的饱腹能力。因此,本文呈现的膳食脂肪理想地包括多不饱和脂肪酸,其非限制性实例包括三酰基甘油。
在另一个特定实施例中,体重管理剂是草本提取物。来自多种类型的植物的提取物已被鉴定为具有食欲遏制特性。植物的非限制性实例(其提取物具有食欲抑制剂特性)包括火地亚(Hoodia)属、亚罗汉(Trichocaulon)属、水牛掌(Caralluma)属、豹皮花(Stapelia)属、奥贝亚(Orbea)属、马利筋(Asclepias)属以及山茶花(Camelia)属的植物。其他实施例包括源于匙羹藤(Gymnema Sylvestre)、可乐果(Kola Nut)、酸橙(CitrusAuran tium)、巴拉圭茶、加纳谷物(Griffonia Simplicifolia)、瓜拉那(Guarana)、没药(myrrh)、香胶树脂质(guggul Lipid)和黑醋栗籽油(black current seed oil)的提取物。
草本提取物可以由任何类型的植物材料或植物生物质制备。植物材料和生物质的非限制性实例包括茎、根、叶、从植物材料中获得的干燥粉末、以及树液或干燥树液。草本提取物通常通过从植物中提取树液并且然后对树液进行喷雾干燥而制备。可替代地,可以使用溶剂提取程序。在初始提取之后,可能希望进一步分馏初始提取物(例如,通过柱色谱法),以便获得具有增强的活性的草本提取物。此类技术是本领域普通技术人员熟知的。
在一个实施例中,草本提取物是源于火地亚属的植物。称为P57的火地亚属的甾醇糖苷据信是火地亚属种的食欲抑制剂作用的原因。在另一个实施例中,草本提取物是源自水牛掌属的植物,它的非限制性实例包括瘤水牛掌糖苷(caratuberside)A、瘤水牛掌糖苷B、布塞洛糖苷(bouceroside)I、布塞洛糖苷II、布塞洛糖苷III、布塞洛糖苷IV、布塞洛糖苷V、布塞洛糖苷VI、布塞洛糖苷VII、布塞洛糖苷VIII、布塞洛糖苷IX和布塞洛糖苷X。在另一个实施例中,至少一种草本提取物源自亚罗汉属的植物。亚罗汉属植物是通常原产自南非的肉质植物,与火地亚属类似,并且包括摩耶夫人(T.piliferum)和西洋蒲公英(T.officinale)。在另一个实施例中,草本提取物是源于豹皮花属或奥贝亚属的植物。不希望受任何理论的束缚,据信表现出食欲抑制活性的化合物是皂苷,如孕烷糖苷,它们包括杂色豹皮花苷(stavaroside)A、B、C、D、E、F、G、H、I、J和K。在另一个实施例中,草本提取物源自马利筋属的植物。不希望受任何理论的束缚,据信这些提取物包含具有食欲抑制剂作用的甾族化合物,如孕烷糖苷和孕烷苷元。
在另一个特定实施例中,体重管理剂是具有体重管理作用的外源性激素。此类激素的非限制性实例包括CCK、肽YY、胃饥饿素、铃蟾肽和胃泌素释放肽(GRP)、肠抑素、载脂蛋白A-IV、GLP-1、淀粉不溶素、体抑素(somastatin)和瘦素。
在另一个实施例中,体重管理剂是药物。非限制性实例包括苯丁胺、二乙胺苯酮、苯甲曲秦、西布曲明、利莫那班、胃泌酸调节素、盐酸氟西汀、麻黄碱、苯乙胺或其他刺激物。
在某些实施例中,功能成分是至少一种骨质疏松症管理剂。在某些实施例中,骨质疏松症管理剂是至少一种钙源。根据特定实施例,钙源是含有钙的任何化合物,包括钙的盐络合物、溶解物质和其他形式。钙源的非限制性实例包括氨基酸螯合钙、碳酸钙、氧化钙、氢氧化钙、硫酸钙、氯化钙、磷酸钙、磷酸氢钙、磷酸二氢钙、柠檬酸钙、苹果酸钙、柠檬酸苹果酸钙、葡萄糖酸钙、酒石酸钙、乳酸钙、其溶解种类、及其组合。
根据一个特定实施例,骨质疏松症管理剂是镁源。镁源是含有镁的任何化合物,包括镁的盐络合物、溶解物质和其他形式。镁源的非限制性实例包括氯化镁、柠檬酸镁、葡庚糖酸镁、葡萄糖酸镁、乳酸镁、氢氧化镁、吡啶甲酸镁(magnesium picolate)、硫酸镁、其溶解种类、及其混合物。在另一个特定实施例中,镁源包括氨基酸螯合镁或肌酸螯合镁。
在其他实施例中,骨质疏松症剂选自维生素D、C、K、其前体和/或β-胡萝卜素及其组合。
多种植物和植物提取物也已被认定为对于预防和治疗骨质疏松症是有效的。作为骨质疏松症管理剂的适合的植物和植物提取物的非限制性实例包括如美国专利公开号2005/0106215中所披露的蒲公英属(Taraxacum)和唐棣属(Amelanchier)物种以及如美国专利公开号2005/0079232中所披露的山胡椒属(Lindera)、艾属(Artemisia)、菖蒲属(Acorus)、红花属(Carthamus)、葛缕子属(Carum)、蛇床属(Cnidium)、姜黄属(Curcuma)、莎草属(Cyperus)、刺柏属(Juniperus)、李属(Prunus)、鸢尾花属(Iris)、菊苣属(Cichorium)、坡柳属(Dodonaea)、淫羊藿属(Epimedium)、绒毛属(Erigonoum)、大豆属(Soya)、薄荷属(Mentha)、罗勒属(Ocimum)、百里香属(thymus)、菊蒿属(Tanacetum)、车前属(Plantago)、留兰香属(Spearmint)、红木属(Bixa)、葡萄属(Vitis)、迷迭香属(Rosemarinus)、漆树属(Rhus)、以及莳萝属(Anethum)物种。
在某些实施例中,功能成分是至少一种植物雌激素。植物雌激素是在植物中发现的化合物,它们典型地可以通过摄取具有植物雌激素的植物或植物部分而递送到人体中。如本文所用,“植物雌激素”是指当引入到身体内时引起任何程度的雌激素样作用的任何物质。例如,植物雌激素可以结合身体内的雌激素受体并且具有小的雌激素样作用。
用于本发明实施例的适合的植物雌激素的实例包括但不限于,异黄酮、芪类、木酚素、雷琐酸内酯(resorcyclic acid lactone)、香豆雌醇(coumestan)、香豆雌酚(coumestroI)、雌马酚及其组合。合适的植物雌激素的来源包括但不限于全谷类、谷物、纤维、水果、蔬菜、黑升麻、龙舌兰根、黑醋栗、樱叶荚卓、圣洁莓、痉挛树皮、当归根、魔鬼爪(devil’sclub)根、假独角兽根(false unicorn root)、人参根、地梁草、甘草汁、活根草、益母草、牡丹根、覆盆子叶、蔷薇科植物、鼠尾草叶、洋菝契根、塞润榈籽、野生山药根、开花蓍草、豆科植物、大豆、大豆产品(例如,味噌、大豆粉、豆奶、大豆坚果、大豆蛋白质分离物、马来豆酵饼(tempen)、或豆腐)、鹰嘴豆、坚果、小扁豆、种子、三叶草、红三叶草、蒲公英叶、蒲公英根、胡芦巴籽、绿茶、啤酒花、红葡萄酒、亚麻仁、大蒜、洋葱、亚麻籽、琉璃苣、块根马利筋(butterfly weed)、葛缕子、女贞子树(chaste tree)、牡荆、大枣、莳萝、茴香籽、雷公根、水飞蓟、唇萼薄荷、石榴、青蒿、豆粉、艾菊、葛藤根(葛根)等及其组合。
异黄酮属于称为多元酚的植物营养素组。通常,多元酚(也称为“多酚”)是在植物中发现的一组化学物质,其特征在于每个分子存在超过一个酚基团。
根据本发明实施例的适合的植物雌激素异黄酮包括染料木黄酮、黄豆苷元、黄豆黄素、鹰嘴豆素A、芒柄花黄素、其各自天然存在的糖苷和糖苷缀合物、马台树脂醇、开环异落叶松脂素、肠内二酯、肠二醇、植物组织蛋白及其组合。
用于本发明的实施例的异黄酮的适合来源包括但不限于大豆、大豆产物、豆类、苜蓿芽、鹰嘴豆、花生和红三叶草。
在某些实施例中,功能成分是至少一种长链脂肪族饱和伯醇。长链脂肪族饱和伯醇是不同组的有机化合物。术语醇是指以下事实:这些化合物的特征是结合到碳原子上的羟基(-OH)。用于在本发明的特定实施例中使用的特定长链脂肪族饱和伯醇的非限制性实例包括8碳原子1-辛醇、9碳1-壬醇、10碳原子1-癸醇、12碳原子1-十二烷醇、14碳原子1-十四烷醇、16碳原子1-十六烷醇、18碳原子1-十八烷醇、20碳原子l-二十烷醇、22碳1-二十二烷醇、24碳1-二十四烷醇、26碳1-二十六烷醇、27碳1-二十七烷醇、28碳1-二十八烷醇(octanosol)、29碳1-二十九烷醇、30碳1-三十烷醇、32碳1-三十二烷醇、以及34碳1-三十四烷醇。
在一个实施例中,长链脂肪族饱和伯醇是普利醇。普利醇是关于主要由以下成分构成的长链脂肪族饱和伯醇的混合物的术语:28碳1-二十八烷醇和30碳1-三十烷醇以及较低浓度的其他醇如22碳1-二十二烷醇、24碳1-二十四烷醇、26碳1-二十六烷醇、27碳1-二十七烷醇、29碳1-二十九烷醇、32碳1-三十二烷醇和34碳1-三十四烷醇。
在某些实施例中,功能成分是至少一种植物甾醇、植物甾烷醇或其组合。如本文所用,短语“甾烷醇”、“植物性甾烷醇”和“植物甾烷醇”同义。植物甾醇和甾烷醇天然少量地存在于许多水果、蔬菜、坚果、种子、谷物、豆类、植物油、树皮和其他植物来源中。甾醇是在C-3处具有羟基的甾族化合物的亚组。通常,植物甾醇在甾核内具有双键,如胆固醇;然而,植物甾醇还可以在C-24处包含取代的侧链(R),如乙基或甲基,或另外的双键。植物甾醇的结构是本领域技术人员熟知的。
已发现至少44种天然存在的植物甾醇,并且它们通常源于植物,如玉米、大豆、小麦和桐油;然而,它们还能以合成方式产生以形成与天然的那些相同的组合物或者具有与天然存在的植物甾醇特性相似的特性的组合物。非限制性的适合植物甾醇包括但不限于,4-去甲基甾醇(例如,β-谷甾醇、菜油甾醇、豆甾醇、菜籽甾醇、22-脱氢菜籽甾醇以及Δ5-燕麦甾醇)、4-单甲基甾醇和4,4-二甲基甾醇(三萜烯醇)(例如,环阿屯醇、24-亚甲基环木菠萝烷醇和环甾烷醇(cyclobranol))。
如本文所用,短语“甾烷醇”、“植物性甾烷醇”和“植物甾烷醇”同义。植物甾烷醇是在自然界中仅微量存在的饱和甾醇并且也可以如通过对植物甾醇进行氢化而以合成方式产生。合适的植物甾烷醇包括但不限于,β-谷甾烷醇、菜油甾烷醇、环木菠萝烷醇以及其他三萜醇类的饱和形式。
如本文所用,植物甾醇和植物甾烷醇两者包括多种异构体如α和β异构体。本发明的植物甾醇和植物甾烷醇还可以呈其酯形式。用于得到植物甾醇和植物甾烷醇的酯的适合方法是本领域普通技术人员已熟知的,并且在美国专利号6,589,588、6,635,774、6,800,317和美国专利公开号2003/0045473中披露。适合的植物甾醇和植物甾烷醇的酯的非限制性实例包括乙酸谷甾醇酯、油酸谷甾醇酯、油酸豆甾醇酯及其相应的植物甾烷醇酯。本发明的植物甾醇和植物甾烷醇还可以包括其衍生物。
示例性添加剂包括但不限于碳水化合物、多元醇、氨基酸及其相应盐、聚氨基酸及其相应盐、糖酸及其相应盐、核苷酸、有机酸、无机酸、包括有机酸盐和有机碱盐的有机盐、无机盐、苦味化合物、咖啡因、调味剂和调味成分、涩味化合物、蛋白质或蛋白质水解物、表面活性剂、乳化剂、植物提取物、类黄酮、醇、聚合物及其组合。
在一个实施例中,组合物进一步包含一种或多种多元醇。如本文所用,术语“多元醇”是指含有超过一个羟基的分子。多元醇可以是分别含有2个、3个和4个羟基的二元醇、三元醇或四元醇。多元醇还可以含有超过4个羟基,如分别含有5个、6个或7个羟基的五元醇、六元醇、七元醇等。另外,多元醇还可以是作为碳水化合物的还原形式的糖醇、多羟基醇或多元醇,其中羰基(醛或酮,还原糖)已被还原成伯羟基或仲羟基。在一些实施例中,多元醇的非限制性实例包括麦芽糖醇、甘露糖醇、山梨糖醇、乳糖醇、木糖醇、异麦芽酮糖醇、丙二醇、甘油(丙三醇)、苏糖醇、半乳糖醇、帕拉金糖、还原性低聚异麦芽糖、还原性低聚木糖、还原性低聚龙胆糖、还原性麦芽糖糖浆、还原性葡萄糖糖浆以及糖醇或能够被还原的不会不利地影响味道的任何其他碳水化合物。
合适的氨基酸添加剂包括但不限于天冬氨酸、精氨酸、甘氨酸、谷氨酸、脯氨酸、苏氨酸、茶氨酸、半胱氨酸、胱氨酸、丙氨酸、缬氨酸、酪氨酸、亮氨酸、阿拉伯糖、反式-4-羟基脯氨酸、异亮氨酸、天冬酰胺、丝氨酸、赖氨酸、组氨酸、鸟氨酸、甲硫氨酸、肉毒碱、氨基丁酸(α-异构体、β-异构体和/或δ-异构体)、谷氨酰胺、羟基脯氨酸、牛磺酸、正缬氨酸、肌氨酸及其盐形式如钠盐或钾盐或酸盐。氨基酸添加剂还可以呈D-构型或L-构型以及呈相同或不同氨基酸的一元、二元或三元形式。另外,如果适当的话,氨基酸可以是α-、β-、γ-和/或δ-异构体。在一些实施例中,以上氨基酸及其相应盐(例如,其钠盐、钾盐、钙盐、镁盐或其他碱金属盐或碱土金属盐,或酸盐)的组合也是合适的添加剂。氨基酸可以是天然的或合成的。氨基酸还可以是经修饰的。经修饰的氨基酸是指其中至少一个原子已经被添加、去除、取代或其组合的任何氨基酸(例如,N-烷基氨基酸、N-酰基氨基酸或N-甲基氨基酸)。经修饰的氨基酸的非限制性实例包括氨基酸衍生物,如三甲基甘氨酸、N-甲基-甘氨酸、和N-甲基-丙氨酸。如本文所用,经修饰的氨基酸既涵盖经修饰的氨基酸也涵盖未经修饰的氨基酸。如本文所用,氨基酸还涵盖肽和多肽(例如,二肽、三肽、四肽和五肽)二者,如谷胱甘肽和L-丙氨酰-L-谷氨酰胺。合适的聚氨基酸添加剂包括聚-L-天冬氨酸、聚-L-赖氨酸(例如,聚-L-α-赖氨酸或聚-L-ε-赖氨酸)、聚-L-鸟氨酸(例如,聚-L-α-鸟氨酸或聚-L-ε-鸟氨酸)、聚-L-精氨酸、其他聚合物形式的氨基酸、以及其盐形式(例如,钙盐、钾盐、钠盐或镁盐,如L-谷氨酸单钠盐)。聚氨基酸添加剂也可以呈D-构型或L-构型。另外,如果适当的话,聚氨基酸可以是α-、β-、γ-、δ-和ε-异构体。在一些实施例中,以上聚氨基酸及其相应盐(例如,其钠盐、钾盐、钙盐、镁盐或其他碱金属盐或碱土金属盐或酸盐)的组合也是合适的添加剂。本文所述的聚氨基酸还可以包括不同氨基酸的共聚物。聚氨基酸可以是天然的或合成的。聚氨基酸也可以是经修饰的,以使得至少一个原子被添加、去除、取代或其组合(例如,N-烷基聚氨基酸或N-酰基聚氨基酸)。如本文所用,聚氨基酸既涵盖经修饰的聚氨基酸也涵盖未经修饰的聚氨基酸。例如,经修饰的聚氨基酸包括但不限于具有不同分子量(MW)的聚氨基酸,如具有1,500的MW、6,000的MW、25,200的MW、63,000的MW、83,000的MW或者300,000的MW的聚-L-α-赖氨酸。
适合的糖酸添加剂包括但不限于醛糖酸、糖醛酸、醛糖二酸、海藻酸、葡糖酸、葡糖醛酸、葡糖二酸、半乳糖二酸、半乳糖醛酸、及其盐(例如,钠盐、钾盐、钙盐、镁盐或其他生理学上可接受的盐)、及其组合。
适合的核苷酸添加剂包括但不限于,单磷酸肌苷(“IMP”)、单磷酸鸟苷(“GMP”)、单磷酸腺苷(“AMP”)、单磷酸胞嘧啶(CMP)、单磷酸尿嘧啶(UMP)、二磷酸肌苷、二磷酸鸟苷、二磷酸腺苷、二磷酸胞嘧啶、二磷酸尿嘧啶、三磷酸肌苷、三磷酸鸟苷、三磷酸腺苷、三磷酸胞嘧啶、三磷酸尿嘧啶、其碱金属盐或碱土金属盐、及其组合。本文所述的核苷酸还可以包含核苷酸相关的添加剂,如核苷或核酸碱基(例如,鸟嘌呤、胞嘧啶、腺嘌呤、胸腺嘧啶、尿嘧啶)。
合适的有机酸添加剂包括包含-COOH部分的任何化合物,如例如C2-C30羧酸、取代的羟基C2-C30羧酸、丁酸(乙酯)、取代的丁酸(乙酯)、苯甲酸、取代的苯甲酸(例如,2,4-二羟基苯甲酸)、取代的肉桂酸、羟基酸、取代的羟基苯甲酸、茴香酸取代的环己基羧酸、鞣酸、乌头酸、乳酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、异柠檬酸、葡糖酸、葡庚糖酸、己二酸、羟基柠檬酸、苹果酸、水果酒石酸(fruitaric acid)(苹果酸、富马酸和酒石酸的共混物)、富马酸、马来酸、琥珀酸、绿原酸、水杨酸、肌酸、咖啡酸、胆汁酸、乙酸、抗坏血酸、海藻酸、异抗坏血酸、聚谷氨酸、葡糖酸δ内酯、及其碱金属盐或碱土金属盐衍生物。另外,有机酸添加剂也可以呈D-构型或L-构型。
合适的有机酸添加剂盐包括但不限于所有有机酸的钠盐、钙盐、钾盐、以及镁盐,如柠檬酸盐、苹果酸盐、酒石酸盐、富马酸盐、乳酸盐(例如,乳酸钠)、海藻酸盐(例如,海藻酸钠)、抗坏血酸盐(例如,抗坏血酸钠)、苯甲酸盐(例如,苯甲酸钠或苯甲酸钾)、山梨酸盐以及己二酸盐。所述的有机酸添加剂的实例任选地可以被选自以下的至少一个基团取代:氢、烷基、烯基、炔基、卤素、卤代烷基、羧基、酰基、酰氧基、氨基、酰氨基、羧基衍生物、烷氨基、二烷基氨基、芳基氨基、烷氧基、芳氧基、硝基、氰基、磺基、硫醇、亚胺、磺酰基、烃硫基、亚磺酰基、氨磺酰基、羧烷氧基、甲酰胺基、膦酰基、氧膦基、磷酰基、膦基、硫酯、硫醚、酸酐、肟基、肼基、氨甲酰基、磷或膦酸酯基。在特定实施例中,当存在于消费品(如例如,饮料)中时,有机酸添加剂是以有效提供从约10ppm至约5,000ppm的浓度的量存在于甜味剂组合物中。
适合的无机酸添加剂包括但不限于磷酸、亚磷酸、聚磷酸、盐酸、硫酸、碳酸、磷酸二氢钠、及其碱金属盐或碱土金属盐(例如,肌醇六磷酸Mg/Ca)。
合适的苦味化合物添加剂包括但不限于咖啡因、奎宁、尿素、苦橘油、柚皮苷、苦木及其盐。
合适的调味剂和调味成分添加剂包括但不限于香草醛、香草提取物、芒果提取物、肉桂、柑橘、椰子、姜、绿花白千层醇(viridiflorol)、扁桃仁、薄荷醇(包括不含薄荷的薄荷醇)、葡萄皮提取物和葡萄籽提取物。“调味剂”和“调味成分”同义并且可以包括天然物质或合成物质或其组合。调味剂还包括赋予风味的任何其他物质并且可以包括在通常接受的范围内使用时对人或动物安全的天然物质或非天然(合成)物质。专有调味剂的非限制性实例包括天然调味甜度增强剂K14323(德国达姆施塔特(Darmstadt,Germany))、SymriseTM甜度天然风味遮盖剂161453和164126(SymriseTM,德国霍尔茨明登(Holzminden,Germany))、Natural AdvantageTM苦味阻滞剂1、2、9和10(NaturalAdvantageTM,美国新泽西州弗里霍尔德(Freehold,New Jersey,U.S.A.))以及SucramaskTM(美国加利福尼亚州斯托克顿市创造性科研管理处(Creative Research Management,Stockton,California,U.S.A.))。
合适的聚合物添加剂包括但不限于,壳多糖、果胶(pectin)、果胶质(pectic)、果胶质酸、聚糖醛酸、聚半乳糖醛酸、淀粉、食品水解胶体或其粗提取物(例如,塞内加尔阿拉伯树胶(FibergumTM)、塞伊尔(seyal)阿拉伯树胶、鹿角菜胶)、聚-L-赖氨酸(例如,聚-L-α-赖氨酸或聚-L-ε-赖氨酸)、聚-L-鸟氨酸(例如,聚-L-α-鸟氨酸或聚-L-ε-鸟氨酸)、聚丙二醇、聚乙二醇、聚(乙二醇甲基醚)、聚精氨酸、聚天冬氨酸、聚谷氨酸、聚乙烯亚胺、海藻酸、海藻酸钠、海藻酸丙二醇酯、以及聚乙二醇海藻酸钠、六偏磷酸钠及其盐、以及其他阳离子聚合物和阴离子聚合物。
合适的蛋白质或蛋白质水解物添加剂包括但不限于牛血清白蛋白(BSA)、乳清蛋白(包括其级分或浓缩物,如90%即溶乳清蛋白分离物、34%乳清蛋白、50%水解乳清蛋白和80%乳清蛋白浓缩物)、可溶性大米蛋白、大豆蛋白、蛋白质分离物、蛋白质水解物、蛋白质水解物的反应产物、糖蛋白和/或含有氨基酸(例如,甘氨酸、丙氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、天冬酰胺、谷氨酰胺、精氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、正缬氨酸、甲硫氨酸、脯氨酸、酪氨酸、羟脯氨酸等)的蛋白聚糖、胶原蛋白(例如,明胶)、部分水解的胶原蛋白(例如,水解的鱼胶原蛋白)以及胶原蛋白水解产物(例如,猪胶原蛋白水解产物)。
合适的表面活性剂添加剂包括但不限于聚山梨醇酯(例如,聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯(聚山梨醇酯80)、聚山梨醇酯20、聚山梨醇酯60)、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、磺基琥珀酸二辛酯或磺基琥珀酸二辛基酯钠、十二烷基硫酸钠、氯化十六烷基吡啶(氯化十六烷基吡啶鎓)、溴化十六烷基三甲铵、胆酸钠、氨甲酰基、氯化胆碱、甘胆酸钠、牛磺脱氧胆酸钠、月桂酰精氨酸酯、硬脂酰乳酸钠、牛磺胆酸钠、卵磷脂、蔗糖油酸酯、蔗糖硬脂酸酯、蔗糖棕榈酸酯、蔗糖月桂酸酯及其他乳化剂等。
合适的类黄酮添加剂被分为黄酮醇、黄酮、黄烷酮、黄烷-3-醇、异黄酮或花色素。类黄酮添加剂的非限制性实例包括但不限于儿茶素(例如,绿茶提取物,如PolyphenonTM60、PolyphenonTM 30和PolyphenonTM 25(日本三川农林株式会社(Mitsui Norin Co.,Ltd.,Japan)))、多元酚、芦丁(例如,酶经修饰的芦丁SanmelinTM AO(日本大阪三荣源公株式会社(San-fi Gen F.F.I.,Inc.,Osaka,Japan)))、新橙皮苷、柚皮苷、新橙皮苷二氢查耳酮等。
适合的醇添加剂包括但不限于乙醇。
合适的涩味化合物添加剂包括但不限于鞣酸、氯化铕(EuCl3)、氯化钆(GdCl3)、氯化铽(TbCl3)、明矾、鞣酸和多元酚(例如,茶多酚)。
III.方法
本发明也提供了制备即饮饮料的方法,该方法包括(i)提供饮料基质以及(ii)将上文所述的饮料成分添加到该饮料基质中,从而提供即饮饮料。该方法任选地包括另外的混合步骤,从而混合饮料成分和基质以促进溶解。该方法还可以任选地包括加热步骤,从而加热饮料成分和基质以促进溶解。
将饮料成分溶解于饮料基质中。示例性饮料基质包括饮料品质的水,例如去离子水、蒸馏水、反渗透水、碳处理水、纯化水、软化水及其组合。另外的合适基质包括但不限于磷酸、磷酸盐缓冲液、柠檬酸、柠檬酸盐缓冲液和碳处理水。
可以在配制即饮饮料所需的任何温度下进行该方法。例如,针对温度敏感的成分,在低于70℃下进行该方法。类似地,可以以任何顺序来将饮料成分添加至饮料基质中。
实例
实例1:即饮饮料的制备
通过混合所有成分直到它们完全溶解来制备以下两种即饮饮料配制品。然后将饮料再混合15分钟。然后将饮料在195+/-2°F下热处理21-23秒,在180°F至185°F下填充并迅速冷却至室温。
运动饮料配制品1
运动饮料配制品2
实例2:即饮饮料的稳定性研究
研究了实例1所述的两种即饮饮料的稳定性。允许饮料在5℃或21℃下放置指定的时间段。根据Analytical Biochemistry[分析生物化学]2014,第278-283页(1993)中所提供的方法,通过具有UV检测的HPLC测量肌酸。简言之,利用了反相色谱法(C18柱),采用梯度洗脱和210nm处的UV检测。在少于5分钟内实现分离。结果提供在下表1和2中:
表1
表2
Claims (15)
1.一种即饮饮料,所述即饮饮料包含至少一种肌酸化合物和至少一种电解质,其中所述饮料的pH低于7,并且所述饮料在5℃下储存三个月后的肌酸浓度为初始肌酸浓度的至少90%和/或所述饮料在环境温度下储存三个月后的肌酸浓度为初始肌酸浓度的至少40%。
2.如权利要求1所述的即饮饮料,其中所述饮料选自运动饮品和增强型水饮品。
3.如权利要求1所述的即饮饮料,其中所述肌酸化合物选自由以下组成的组:一水肌酸、肌酸硝酸盐、磷酸肌酸、肌酸甲酯、肌酸乙酯、肌酸乙酯苹果酸盐、肌酸苹果酸盐、肌酸葡糖酸盐、肌酸盐酸盐、三肌酸苹果酸盐、三肌酸乳清酸盐、肌酸柠檬酸盐、肌酸丙酮酸盐、肌酸α酮戊二酸盐及其组合。
4.如权利要求1所述的即饮饮料,其中肌酸浓度为从约50mg/L至约5,000mg/L。
5.如权利要求1所述的即饮饮料,其中总电解质浓度为至少约200mg/L。
6.如权利要求1所述的即饮饮料,其中所述至少一种电解质选自由以下组成的组:钠、钾、钙、镁、氯化物、磷酸盐、碳酸氢盐及其组合。
7.如权利要求6所述的即饮饮料,其中所述饮料含有从约5mg/L至约1,000mg/L的钾、从约5mg/L至约1,000mg/L的钠、从约5mg/L至约1,000mg/L的钙和从约5mg/L至约1,000mg/L的镁。
8.如权利要求7所述的即饮饮料,其中所述饮料含有从约75mg/L至约300mg/L的钾、从约350mg/L至约700mg/L的钠、从约5mg/L至约50mg/L的钙和从约5mg/L至约50mg/L的镁。
9.如权利要求1所述的即饮饮料,所述即饮饮料进一步包含至少一种支链氨基酸。
10.如权利要求9所述的即饮饮料,其中所述至少一种支链氨基酸选自由以下组成的组:亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、缬氨酸及其组合。
11.如权利要求10所述的即饮饮料,其中至少一种支链氨基酸的浓度为从约50mg/L至约5,000mg/L。
12.如权利要求1所述的即饮饮料,所述即饮饮料进一步包含至少一种甜味剂。
13.如权利要求1所述的即饮饮料,所述即饮饮料进一步包含至少一种添加剂。
14.如权利要求1所述的即饮饮料,所述即饮饮料进一步包含至少一种功能成分。
15.如权利要求1所述的即饮饮料,其中所述即饮饮料选自富含卡路里饮料、中卡路里饮料、低卡路里饮料和零卡路里饮料。
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US62/890,772 | 2019-08-23 | ||
PCT/US2020/047591 WO2021041293A1 (en) | 2019-08-23 | 2020-08-24 | Stable creatine beverages |
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EP (1) | EP4017282A4 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2022545269A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN114630587A (zh) |
BR (1) | BR112022003360A2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA3151930A1 (zh) |
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MX2022002205A (es) | 2022-04-06 |
EP4017282A1 (en) | 2022-06-29 |
EP4017282A4 (en) | 2023-08-16 |
CA3151930A1 (en) | 2021-03-04 |
JP2022545269A (ja) | 2022-10-26 |
BR112022003360A2 (pt) | 2022-05-17 |
US20220287346A1 (en) | 2022-09-15 |
WO2021041293A1 (en) | 2021-03-04 |
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