CN114621543B - 高频半固化片、高频覆铜板及其制备方法 - Google Patents
高频半固化片、高频覆铜板及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114621543B CN114621543B CN202011442871.0A CN202011442871A CN114621543B CN 114621543 B CN114621543 B CN 114621543B CN 202011442871 A CN202011442871 A CN 202011442871A CN 114621543 B CN114621543 B CN 114621543B
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- coated
- copper
- clad plate
- aerogel powder
- aerogel
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
- C08J5/06—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material using pretreated fibrous materials
- C08J5/08—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material using pretreated fibrous materials glass fibres
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/14—Layered products comprising a layer of metal next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/20—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising aluminium or copper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B33/00—Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
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- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/03—Use of materials for the substrate
- H05K1/0313—Organic insulating material
- H05K1/0353—Organic insulating material consisting of two or more materials, e.g. two or more polymers, polymer + filler, + reinforcement
- H05K1/036—Multilayers with layers of different types
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- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
- B32B2255/06—Coating on the layer surface on metal layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
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Abstract
本发明属于印刷线路板用覆铜板领域,具体涉及一种高频半固化片、高频覆铜板及其制备方法。该高频半固化片包括树脂基体,所述树脂基体中均匀填充有包覆气凝胶粉并可选填充有增强填料,树脂基体、包覆气凝胶粉、增强填料的质量百分数之和按100%计,树脂基体占60‑99.9%,包覆气凝胶粉占0.1‑30%,增强填料占0‑10%。本发明的高频半固化片和覆铜板等产品,通过向树脂基体中添加包覆气凝胶粉,有效降低了产品的介电常数和介电损耗。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于印刷线路板用覆铜板领域,具体涉及一种高频半固化片、高频覆铜板及其制备方法。
背景技术
覆铜板是印制电路板制造中的基板材料,在印制电路板中起到互联导通、绝缘和支撑的作用,对电路中信号的传输速度、能量损失和特性阻抗有很大的影响。覆铜板主要是以电子玻纤布或其他增强材料浸以树脂,在一面或双面覆以铜箔并经热压而制成的一种板状材料。
随着微波技术的发展,各类通信电子设备开始向高频方向发展,要求将大容量的信息在高频段以低损耗进行高速传输和处理。一般而言,基板的讯号传输速度与基板材料的介电常数的平方根成反比,故基本材料的介电常数通常越小越好;另一方面,由于介电损耗越小,代表讯号传递的损失越少,故介电损耗较小的材料所能提供的传输质量也较为良好。
目前,现有覆铜板的介电常数和介电损耗仍处于较高水平,不能满足现今5G和未来6G时代对高频高速覆铜板的应用要求。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种高频半固化片,能够有效降低半固化片的介电常数和介电损耗。
本发明的第二个目的在于提供一种高频覆铜板。
本发明的第三个目的在于提供上述高频覆铜板的制备方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明的高频半固化片的技术方案是:
一种高频半固化片,包括树脂基体,所述树脂基体中均匀填充有包覆气凝胶粉并可选填充有增强填料,树脂基体、包覆气凝胶粉、增强填料的质量百分数之和按100%计,树脂基体占60-99.9%,包覆气凝胶粉占0.1-30%,增强填料占0-10%。
本发明的高频半固化片,通过向树脂基体中添加包覆气凝胶粉,有效降低了半固化片的介电常数和介电损耗。
所述包覆气凝胶粉包括气凝胶和包覆外壳,所述包覆外壳为无机材料或有机材料,无机材料选自二氧化硅、氮化硼、氧化铝、二氧化钛中的一种或两种以上的组合;有机材料选自聚苯乙烯、环氧树脂、碳氢树脂、聚苯醚树脂中的一种或两种以上的组合。包覆方法可以是悬浮聚合法、乳液聚合法,细乳液法、微波合成法、低温等离子体聚合法、浆料雾化法、原位生长法、原子层积技术或化学气相沉积法等。包覆气凝胶粉的制备可参考相关现有技术,无机材料作为包覆外壳可参考CN111320181A、CN111099596A等现有技术,有机材料作为包覆外壳可参考CN107266938A、CN107266942A等现有技术。
所述气凝胶为二氧化硅气凝胶、氧化铝气凝胶、氧化锆气凝胶等气凝胶材料中的一种或两种以上的组合。
所述气凝胶为不规则形状或球形,为进一步增强气凝胶的流动性,达到均匀填充,提高半固化片性能的一致性,优选球形气凝胶,平均粒径D90为0.1~100μm,密度为0.01~0.5g/cm3。
所述增强填料选自短切纤维粉、SO2微粉、Al2O3微粉、空心微球中的一种或两种以上的组合。
树脂基体指半固化片中的树脂成分。树脂成分为半固化片领域的成熟产品,其可以是热塑性树脂体系或热固性树脂体系,热固性树脂体系的树脂材料如聚四氟乙烯树脂(PTFE)和热塑性聚酰亚胺树脂(TPI)等,热塑性树脂体系的树脂材料如聚苯醚树脂(PPO)、聚酰亚胺树脂(PI)、改性聚酰亚胺树脂(MPI)、液晶高分子树脂(LCP)、环氧树脂、氰酸树脂、苯并噁嗪树脂和碳氢树脂等。
本发明的高频覆铜板的技术方案是:
一种高频覆铜板,由金属箔和与金属箔复合的介质层组成,所述介质层包括树脂基体,所述树脂基体中均匀填充有包覆气凝胶粉并可选填充有增强填料,树脂基体、包覆气凝胶粉、增强填料的质量百分数之和按100%计,树脂基体占60-99.9%,包覆气凝胶粉占0.1-30%,增强填料占0-10%。
本发明的高频覆铜板,可有效降低介电常数和介电损耗,从而使覆铜板能够满足现今高频、高速的应用需求。该高频覆铜板,介电常数在1.1~4.0之间可调(10GHz,SPDR),介电损耗在0.0002~0.020(10GHz,SPDR)之间可调。
所述介质层的厚度为30μm~3mm。
本发明的高频覆铜板的制备方法的技术方案是:
一种高频覆铜板的制备方法,包括以下步骤:将包覆气凝胶粉进行偶联剂改性,然后与树脂原料、助剂、稀释剂混合,配制成树脂胶液;或者将包覆气凝胶粉、偶联剂、树脂原料、助剂、稀释剂混合,配制成树脂胶液;
将玻纤布或玻纤纸浸渍树脂胶液后,经干燥、焙烧制备半固化片,将一片或多片半固化片与金属箔叠片、压合制备覆铜板;或者将树脂胶液涂覆于金属箔上,经干燥、焙烧后制成涂胶金属箔,将涂胶金属箔与另一金属箔或另一涂胶金属箔相压合制备覆铜板。
本发明的高频覆铜板的制备方法,实现包覆气凝胶粉在树脂胶液中的均匀、稳定填充,扩宽了气凝胶的应用领域,提高了覆铜板的品质。该制备方法工艺简单,适合推广应用。
包覆气凝胶粉、增强填料在添加前需要经过偶联剂进行改性,或者需要添加到含有偶联剂的树脂胶液中。常用的偶联剂有机铬化合物偶联剂、硅烷偶联剂、钛酸酯偶联剂等,根据不同的树脂体系和外壳材料成分选用不同的偶联剂,例如二氧化硅包覆外壳通常采用硅烷偶联剂,且常用的硅烷偶联剂有γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH-550)、γ-缩水甘油醚氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH-560)等。
选择在树脂胶液中添加偶联剂的形式时,偶联剂的用量为包覆气凝胶粉和增强填料总质量的0.5~3wt%。
为进一步优化包覆气凝胶粉在半固化片、覆铜板中的应用效果,优选的,所述包覆气凝胶粉使用前先与有机溶剂搅拌混合,静置分层后取上层未溶解固体成分,最后进行干燥获得除杂后的包覆气凝胶粉,所述有机溶剂的密度大于包覆气凝胶粉的密度,小于包覆气凝胶粉的包覆外壳材料密度以及气凝胶粉材料所对应实心粉体的密度。有机溶剂可以是一种或多种有机溶剂组合而成,例如乙酸、乙酐、氯仿、四氯化碳、二氯硅烷、二硫化碳、酒精、丙酮和苯等一种及以上有机溶剂的组合,组合配方主要影响有机溶剂的密度值。
上述制备方法中涉及的助剂一般包括分散剂、消泡剂、增稠剂等。以下对各类助剂进行简单说明。
分散剂的使用目的是降低包覆气凝胶粉和增强填料的表面能,提高其在溶剂中润湿性和分散效果,常规使用的分散剂有脂肪酸、聚乙烯、聚酰胺缩聚物的衍生物、不饱和聚酰胺及酸脂盐、钛酸酯偶联剂或聚酯类缩聚物的衍生物等,分散剂的用量一般为需分散物质重量的0.1~10wt%。
消泡剂的使用目的是减少偶联剂和分散剂在分散过程中产生的气泡,常规使用的消泡剂类型有矿物油类、醇类、脂肪酸及脂肪酸酯类、酰胺类、磷酸酯类、有机硅类、聚醚类和聚醚改性聚硅氧烷类等材料的消泡剂,消泡剂用量一般为溶剂重量的0.1~1wt%。
增稠剂的目的是提高物系黏度,使物系保持均匀稳定的悬浮状态或乳浊状态,以减缓包覆气凝胶粉和增强材料在混合树脂溶液中的分层速度,提高分散液的稳定性,常用的增稠剂有聚丙烯酸类增稠剂、聚乙烯胶增稠剂、聚醚型聚氨酯类增稠剂或阴离子疏水改性丙烯酸碱溶胀型增稠剂等,添加量为体系总质量的0.1~2wt%。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1涉及的覆铜板的结构示意图;
图2为本发明实施例5涉及的覆铜板的结构示意图;
图3为本发明实验例中涉及的不同气凝胶的分散效果图;
图4为本发明在除杂过程中包覆气凝胶粉在有机溶剂中状态的示意图;
图中,1-包覆气凝胶粉,2-上铜箔,3-树脂基体,4-玻纤布,5-增强填料,6-下铜箔,7-有机溶剂,8-被溶剂破坏的包覆气凝胶粉壳,9-被溶剂破坏的气凝胶粉。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明的实施方式作进一步说明。
二氧化硅气凝胶采用参考河南工业大学《SiO2气凝胶微球的制备及其性能的研究》中记载的方法进行制备,SiO2气凝胶微球的平均粒径D90为37μm。按照CN111320181A记载的方法制备氧化硅材料外壳包覆的气凝胶材料。包覆层的平均厚度为1.5μm,包覆气凝胶粉的平均粒径D90为40μm,包覆气凝胶粉的理论密度为0.55~0.65g/cm3,抗压强度为50~80MPa。
一、采用先制备半固化片,再制备覆铜板的实施方式
1)原料准备
树脂原料,包括树脂、固化剂等成分均为市售常规商品。助剂,包括偶联剂、分散剂、消泡剂和增稠剂等化学试剂均为市售产品。实施例中采用以下具体品种:
聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)树脂乳化液和全氟乙烯丙烯共聚物(FEP)树脂乳化液,美国3M公司提供。
官能团化聚苯醚(PPO)树脂(型号为NORYLTM SA90和NORYLTM SA9000等),沙特基础创新塑料有限公司提供。
酚醛型环氧树脂树脂,美国陶氏化学提供。
双酚A型氰酸酯树脂,扬州天启新材料股份有限公司。
碳氢树脂胶液(即介电常数小于2.6的含有可聚合的碳碳双键的不饱和树脂,平均分子量4000~6000),日本曹达株式会社提供。
交联剂A(例如,过氧化二异丙苯,DCP),南京红宝丽集团股份有限公司提供。
催化剂(例如,二月桂酸二丁基锡),上海梯希爱化成工业发展有限公司提供。
固化剂(例如4,4’-二氨基二苯砜,DDS),上海阿拉丁试剂有限公司提供。
促进剂(十七烷基咪唑),天津西典化学科技有限公司提供。
阻燃剂(例如十溴二苯乙烷),郑州浩荣化工产品有限公司提供。
交联剂B(例如三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯,TAIC),江苏华星新材料有限公司提供。
抗氧剂(2,4-二(正辛基硫亚甲基)-6-甲基苯酚),湖北鑫润德化工有限公司提供。
增韧剂(例如MX-125),日本KANEKA提供。
四氢呋喃溶剂,上海阿拉丁试剂有限公司提供。
甲苯溶剂,上海阿拉丁试剂有限公司提供。
二甲苯溶剂,上海阿拉丁试剂有限公司提供。
乙醇溶剂,上海阿拉丁试剂有限公司提供。
丙酮溶剂,上海阿拉丁试剂有限公司提供。
玻纤布(例如NE玻纤布),日本日东纺提供。
RTF铜箔,35μm厚度,苏州福田金属有限公司提供。
2)包覆气凝胶粉的除杂(对于杂质和缺陷比较少的包覆气凝胶粉材料,可以省去此步)
将包覆气凝胶粉和乙醇进行搅拌混合,搅拌速度为500~5000r/min,时间为5~30min,静置5~60min后分层,包覆不合格的气凝胶被乙醇渗入内部而破坏微观结构,破坏后得到的粘结层皮和无机粉末的密度均比乙醇的密度大而导致沉降,包覆合格的气凝胶漂浮在体系上层,取出体系上层的固体成分,在90~150℃干燥30~120min,得到包覆气凝胶粉成品。
3)包覆气凝胶粉和增强填料的硅烷化改性
将硅烷偶联剂配制成为1wt%的水溶液,然后用冰醋酸调至pH=3~4,在一定温度(25~60℃)和转速(100~500r/min)下搅拌10~60min,然后加入包覆气凝胶粉或增强填料,在200~2000r/min下搅拌10-60min,经过滤和自然风干30~60min,然后在100~130℃恒温干燥2-4h至恒重,即完成偶联剂改性。
4)选取树脂原料制备混合树脂胶液A,树脂原料可以是PTFE树脂、环氧树脂、氰酸树脂、碳氢树脂或聚苯醚树脂等树脂中的一种体系或一种以上的混合体系。
5)在混合树脂胶液A中添加分散剂、消泡剂,并通过机械搅拌的方式混合均匀,搅拌速度为500~5000r/min,时间为15~150min,得到混合胶液B。分散剂,例如烷基聚氧乙烯醚或脂肪酸等,添加量为包覆气凝胶粉和增强填料总质量的0.1~10wt%;消泡剂,例如矿物油、有机硅和改性醚等,添加量为溶剂重量的0.1~1wt%。
6)先将硅烷化改性后的包覆气凝胶粉添加到树脂体系B中,在600~6000r/min的搅拌速度下搅拌混合30~300min,然后加入硅烷化改性的增强填料混合(在使用增强填料的场合下),加入增稠剂混合搅拌均匀,搅拌速度为600~6000r/min,时间为30~120min,然后再加入稀释剂调节至合适的粘度(取决于树脂体系,可参考相关现有技术),得到混合树脂体系C。
7)将电子玻纤布浸渍到混合树脂体系C中,再经干燥,完成一次浸渍干燥工序,可进行多次浸渍干燥工序来达到浸渍组分含量要求,最终经过焙烧即可制成半固化片。半固化片中,浸渍组分含量(指玻纤布在浸渍、干燥和焙烧等工序完成后,所增加的质量在半固化片总质量中的比例)控制在50wt%。
最后根据介质层层要求,将配好数量的半固化片与金属箔一起在覆铜板热压机上压合制备出覆铜板。
以下对典型混合树脂体系的浸渍干燥程序进行说明(以下为实验室手工制样参考参数,量产参数以根据上胶机型号进行变化):
针对PTFE/FEP混合树脂体系,一般可浸渍1~10次,单次浸渍时间为2~15min,干燥时先在室温(25℃)下风干10~30min,然后在温度100~150℃下干燥30~120min,完成最后一次浸渍干燥后(浸渍组分含量控制在50wt%),在260~330℃温度下焙烧2~30min进而制备出半固化片产品。压合时,高温段温度360~400℃,压强6~10MPa,保压时间3~5h。
针对酚醛型环氧树脂/官能团聚苯醚树脂体系,一般可浸渍1~3次,单次浸渍时间2~15min,干燥时先在室温(25℃)下风干10~30min,然后在温度120~160℃下干燥15~120min,完成最后一次浸渍干燥后浸渍组分含量控制在50wt%。压合时,高温段温度190~240℃,压强2~5MPa,保压时间2~3h。
针对氰酸酯树脂/聚苯醚树脂树脂体系,一般可浸渍1~3次,单次浸渍时间2~15min,干燥时先在室温(25℃)下风干10~30min,然后在温度120~160℃下干燥10~100min,完成最后一次浸渍干燥后浸渍组分含量控制在50wt%。压合时,高温段温度200~260℃,压强3~5MPa,保压时间2~3h。
针对碳氢树脂/聚苯醚树脂的混合树脂体系,一般可浸渍1~3次,单次浸渍时间2~15min,干燥时先在室温(25℃)下风干30~60min,然后在温度140~160℃下干燥5~100min,完成最后一次浸渍干燥后浸渍组分含量控制在50wt%。压合时,高温段温度190~230℃,压强3~5MPa,保压时间2~3h。
该实施方式制作的覆铜板的典型结构如图1所示,包括上铜箔2、下铜箔6和复合在上、下铜箔之间的介质层(半固化片是覆铜板介质层在压合前的半固化状态的材料),介质层包括树脂基体3,树脂基体3中复合有玻纤布4,树脂基体3中还均匀填充有包覆气凝胶粉1和增强填料5。
二、采用涂胶铜箔方式制备覆铜板的实施方式
步骤1)-步骤6)与以上制备半固化片相同。
步骤7):将混合树脂体系C直接涂布于金属箔上(在涂布机上进行,涂布厚度25-1000μm),干燥焙烧后制成涂胶金属箔(具体参数根据所用的树脂体系而定,可以进行一次或多次涂布干燥以提高涂布层厚度),将涂胶金属箔与另一金属箔(或涂胶金属箔)匹配后在覆铜板热压机上压合制备出不含玻纤布的覆铜板。
该实施方式制作的覆铜板的典型结构如图2所示,包括上铜箔2、下铜箔6和复合在上、下铜箔之间的介质层,基质层包括树脂基体3,树脂基体3中不复合玻纤布,树脂基体3中还均匀填充有包覆气凝胶粉1和增强填料5。
三、本发明的高频覆铜板及相应制备方法的具体实施例。
实施例1
本实施例的高频覆铜板的制备方法,参照以上高频覆铜板的制备方法实施方式一,具体地,步骤3)中,硅烷偶联剂选择KH550。增强填料选择短切石英纤维粉,粒径为500目,直径为5μm。分别对包覆气凝胶粉、短切石英纤维粉进行硅烷偶联剂改性。
步骤4)中,选择PTFE/FEP混合树脂体系制备混合树脂胶液A,混合树脂胶液A胶液在20℃时,粘度为10~60mPa·s,固含量为50~60wt%(不同批次产品粘度、固含量稍有差异,在以上范围均满足质量控制要求)。PTFE/FEP混合树脂体系最终形成PTFE/FEP混合树脂基体,其中FEP树脂含量占30wt%,PTFE树脂含量占70wt%。
步骤5)中,分散剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钠,添加量占包覆气凝胶粉和增强填料总质量的2wt%。消泡剂为矿物油消泡剂,添加量占溶剂重量的0.5%。增稠剂为MX-125,添加量占合树脂胶液A固含量的1%。
步骤7)中,制备浸渍组分含量为50%的半固化片。将8片半固化片和上铜箔、下铜箔相压合,制得介质层厚度为1.8mm的覆铜板(选用型号为7628玻纤布时,所用半固化片数量为8片,用其他型号玻纤布,半固化片层数有所变化)。
本实施例制备的覆铜板,由上铜箔、下铜箔和介质层复合而成。覆铜板介质层中,玻纤布占50.0wt%,树脂组分占38.4wt%,包覆气凝胶粉占7.2wt%,短切石英纤维粉占2.4wt%,其他组分占2.0wt%(偶联剂、消泡剂和增稠剂等残留物)。
实施例2
本实施例的高频覆铜板的制备方法,与实施例1的方法的不同之处在于:
步骤6)中,混合树脂体系C的重量份组成为:酚醛型环氧树脂100份、官能团聚苯醚树脂(NORYLTM SA90)50份、DDS固化剂35份、TAIC交联剂45份、DCP交联剂5份、促进剂5份、阻燃剂7份、增韧剂20份、溶剂800份(溶剂中甲苯和四氢呋喃的质量比例为2:1)、包覆气凝胶粉30份、短切石英纤维粉6份;消泡剂、增稠剂的种类与实施例1相同,分散剂用硅烷偶联剂KH550代替,具体用量为KH550占1份,消泡剂占4份,增稠剂占2.4份。
本实施例制备的覆铜板,结构与实施例1制备的覆铜板相同。覆铜板介质层中,玻纤布占50.0wt%,树脂组分占43.0wt%,包覆气凝胶粉占4.8wt%,短切石英纤维粉占1.0wt%,其他组分占1.2wt%(偶联剂、消泡剂和增稠剂等残留物)。
实施例3
本实施例的高频覆铜板的制备方法,与实施例2的方法的不同之处在于:
步骤6)中,混合树脂体系C的重量份组成为:双酚A型氰酸酯树脂200份、聚苯醚树脂(NORYLTM SA90)100份、催化剂3份、阻燃剂10份、二甲苯溶剂1000份、包覆气凝胶粉40份、短切石英纤维粉6份;分散剂、消泡剂、增稠剂的种类与实施例2相同,具体用量为分散剂占2份,消泡剂占5份,增稠剂占3份。
本实施例制备的覆铜板,结构与实施例1制备的覆铜板相同。覆铜板介质层中,玻纤布占50.0wt%,树脂组分占42.4wt%,包覆气凝胶粉占5.4wt%,短切石英纤维粉占0.8wt%,其他组分占1.4wt%(偶联剂、消泡剂和增稠剂等残留物)。
实施例4
本实施例的高频覆铜板的制备方法,与实施例2的方法的不同之处在于:
步骤6)中,混合树脂体系C的重量份组成为:碳氢树脂200份、聚苯醚树脂(NORYLTMSA9000)100份、DCP交联剂20份、抗氧剂10份、阻燃剂10份、甲苯溶剂1000份、包覆气凝胶粉50份、短切石英纤维粉6份;分散剂、消泡剂、增稠剂的种类与实施例2相同,具体用量为分散剂占2份,消泡剂占6份,增稠剂占4份。
本实施例制备的覆铜板,结构与实施例1制备的覆铜板相同。覆铜板介质层中,玻纤布占50.0wt%,树脂组分占41.7wt%,包覆气凝胶粉占6.1wt%,短切石英纤维粉占0.7wt%,其他组分占1.5wt%(偶联剂、消泡剂和增稠剂等残留物)。
实施例5
本实施例的高频覆铜板的制备方法,参照以上高频覆铜板的制备方法实施方式二,与实施例1的混合树脂体系C相同,具体地,步骤7)中,涂胶铜箔的涂布厚度为600~650μm(可经过一次或多次的涂布干燥,提高涂布厚度),最终制得介质层厚度为0.6mm的覆铜板。
本实施例制备的覆铜板,不含玻纤布,介质层的组成与实施例1制备的覆铜板相同。
实施例6
本实施例的高频覆铜板的制备方法,参照以上高频覆铜板的制备方法实施方式二,与实施例2的混合树脂体系C相同,具体地,步骤7)中,涂胶铜箔的涂布厚度为600~650μm(可经过一次或多次的涂布干燥,提高涂布厚度),最终制得介质层厚度为0.6mm的覆铜板。
本实施例制备的覆铜板,不含玻纤布,介质层的组成与实施例2制备的覆铜板相同。
实施例7
本实施例的高频覆铜板的制备方法,参照以上高频覆铜板的制备方法实施方式二,与实施例3的混合树脂体系C相同,具体地,步骤7)中,涂胶铜箔的涂布厚度为600~650μm(可经过一次或多次的涂布干燥,提高涂布厚度),最终制得介质层厚度为0.6mm的覆铜板。
本实施例制备的覆铜板,不含玻纤布,介质层的组成与实施例3制备的覆铜板相同。
实施例8
本实施例的高频覆铜板的制备方法,参照以上高频覆铜板的制备方法实施方式二,与实施例4的混合树脂体系C相同,具体地,步骤7)中,涂胶铜箔的涂布厚度为600~650μm(可经过一次或多次的涂布干燥,提高涂布厚度),最终制得介质层厚度为0.6mm的覆铜板。
本实施例制备的覆铜板,不含玻纤布,介质层的组成与实施例4制备的覆铜板相同。
四、本发明的半固化片的具体实施例
参考以上实施例1~4,在步骤7)中得到半固化片产品。半固化片可视作介质层的前体,其组成可视作与介质层的组成相同,可依据以上实施例相应确定,在此不再详述。
五、对比例
对比例1-4
对比例1-4的覆铜板,分别与实施例1-4相对应,其中除了包覆气凝胶粉之外的其他各组分种类和用量均相同,对比例中没有使用包覆气凝胶粉,而是采用使用传统的熔融型二氧化硅微粉对包覆气凝胶进行等量替换,所选用的熔融型二氧化硅微粉的D90为20μm,介电常数约3.68,介电损耗约0.0012。
对比例5
对比例5的覆铜板与实施例2相对应,其中各组分种类和用量均相同,对比例和实施例的区别仅在于对比例工艺中未进行步骤2)中的除杂工序,而是直接将未除杂的包覆气凝胶粉等量添加入树脂体系中。
六、实验例
实验例1
本实验例对包覆二氧化硅气凝胶的分散效果进行说明。
结合图3,(a)为常规二氧化硅气凝胶粉在乙醇中搅拌分散后静置10min的照片;(b)为包覆二氧化硅气凝胶在乙醇中搅拌分散后静置10min的照片;(c)为除杂后的包覆二氧化硅气凝胶表面经硅烷偶联剂改性后在乙醇中搅拌分散后静置30min的照片。
图3(a)中,常规的二氧化硅气凝胶的微观结构已经被乙醇有机溶剂渗入而破坏,破坏后变成了硅溶胶,说明了常规二氧化硅气凝胶粉难以直接在小分子有机溶剂中分散。
图3(b)中,包覆二氧化硅气凝胶在乙醇中发生了分层,有部分不合格的包覆气凝胶粉被溶剂破坏而形成了硅溶胶和外壳碎片,并且已经发生了明显的沉降,被完全包覆的气凝胶粉未发生沉降而浮在溶剂表面。覆铜板所用包覆二氧化硅气凝胶优选经过除杂筛选过的产品,因为包覆不合格气凝胶不仅不能起到降低介电常数和介电损耗的作用,而且会形成团聚缺陷而影响覆铜板的质量。
图3(c)中,除杂后的包覆二氧化硅气凝胶表面经硅烷偶联剂改性后在乙醇中可以得到良好分散。
除杂过程的示意图如图4所示,经除杂后,包覆气凝胶粉1浮于有机溶剂7上层,被溶剂破坏的包覆气凝胶粉壳8、被溶剂破坏的气凝胶粉9沉于有机溶剂7下层。
实验例2
本实验例对实施例和对比例的半固化片或覆铜板进行性能测试,结果表1和表2所示。
表1实施例1~4和对比例1~4的性能测试结果
表2实施例5~8的性能测试结果
(表1和表2中:1)“无”表示没有数据参考。2)介电常数和介电损耗:依据IPC-TM-650 2.5.5.5方法测试。3)吸水率:依据IPC-TM-650-2.6.2.1方法测试。4)拉伸强度:依据IPC-TM-650 2.4.4方法测试。5)“纵向”指加工方向,“横向”指垂直于加工方向。6)测试条件中,“D”表示浸泡于蒸馏水,其后第一个数据表示时间,第二个数据表示温度。)
对比实施例1~4和对比例1~4的数据可以看出,包覆二氧化硅气凝胶的添加可以有效地降低半固化片和覆铜板的介电常数和介电损耗,同时基本维持了覆铜板的力学性能。
对比实施例2和对比例5的数据中可以看出,经过除杂工序的包覆气凝胶粉作为填料制备的半固化片和覆铜板具备更低的介电常数和介电损耗,这是因为本实施例中所用的包覆气凝胶粉中含有包覆壳不完整的包覆气凝胶粉颗粒,这些颗粒很容易被小分子有机溶剂破坏,形成实心二氧化硅粉和实心外壳碎片,这导致气凝胶失去了多孔微观结构,进而这部分包覆壳不完整的包覆气凝胶粉失去了低介电常数和低介电损耗的特性,以致于影响了覆铜板的介电性能。
另外,对比实施例1~8中数据可以看出,介质层不复合玻纤布,采用包覆气凝胶粉填充后,覆铜板具有更低的介电常数和介电损耗,但是由于没有玻纤布复合,覆铜板的力学性能较低。
最后需要强调的是,以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例,并不用于限制本发明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种变化和更改,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.高频半固化片,其特征在于,包括树脂基体,所述树脂基体中均匀填充有包覆气凝胶粉并可选填充有增强填料,树脂基体、包覆气凝胶粉、增强填料的质量百分数之和按100%计,树脂基体占60-99 .9%,包覆气凝胶粉占0.1-30%,增强填料占0-10%;
所述包覆气凝胶粉包括气凝胶和包覆外壳,所述包覆外壳为无机材料,无机材料选自二氧化硅、氮化硼、氧化铝、二氧化钛中的一种或两种以上的组合。
2.如权利要求1所述的高频半固化片,其特征在于,所述气凝胶为二氧化硅气凝胶、氧化铝气凝胶、氧化锆气凝胶中的一种或两种以上的组合。
3.如权利要求2所述的高频半固化片,其特征在于,所述气凝胶为不规则形状或球形,平均粒径D90为0.1~100μm,密度为0 .01~0 .5g/cm3。
4.如权利要求1所述的高频半固化片,其特征在于,所述增强填料选自短切纤维粉、SO2微粉、Al2O3微粉、空心微球中的一种或两种以上的组合。
5.一种高频覆铜板,其特征在于,由金属箔和与金属箔复合的介质层组成,所述介质层包括树脂基体,所述树脂基体中均匀填充有包覆气凝胶粉并可选填充有增强填料,树脂基体、包覆气凝胶粉、增强填料的质量百分数之和按100%计,树脂基体占60-99 .9%,包覆气凝胶粉占0 .1-30%,增强填料占0-10%;
所述包覆气凝胶粉包括气凝胶和包覆外壳,所述包覆外壳为无机材料,无机材料选自二氧化硅、氮化硼、氧化铝、二氧化钛中的一种或两种以上的组合。
6.如权利要求5所述的高频覆铜板,其特征在于,所述介质层的厚度为30μm~3mm。
7.一种如权利要求5或6所述的高频覆铜板的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:将包覆气凝胶粉进行偶联剂改性,然后与树脂原料、助剂、稀释剂混合,配制成树脂胶液;或者将包覆气凝胶粉、偶联剂、树脂原料、助剂、稀释剂混合,配制成树脂胶液;所述助剂由分散剂、消泡剂和增稠剂组成;
将玻纤布或玻纤纸浸渍树脂胶液后,经干燥、焙烧制备半固化片,将一片或多片半固化片与金属箔叠片、压合制备覆铜板;或者将树脂胶液涂覆于金属箔上,经干燥、焙烧后制成涂胶金属箔,将涂胶金属箔与另一金属箔或另一涂胶金属箔相压合制备覆铜板。
8.如权利要求7所述的高频覆铜板的制备方法,其特征在于,所述包覆气凝胶粉使用前先与有机溶剂搅拌混合,静置分层后取上层未溶解固体成分,最后进行干燥获得除杂后的包覆气凝胶粉;所述有机溶剂的密度大于包覆气凝胶粉的密度,小于包覆气凝胶粉的包覆外壳材料密度以及气凝胶粉材料所对应实心粉体的密度。
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