CN114617112B

CN114617112B - Spraying device for controlling forest fruit diseases and insect pests and spraying method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN114617112B
Application number: CN202210293652.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 周楠楠; 曹玉翠; 陈涛
Original assignee: Xintai Forestry Protection And Development Center
Current assignee: Xintai Forestry Protection And Development Center
Priority date: 2022-03-23
Filing date: 2022-03-23
Publication date: 2023-04-25
Anticipated expiration: 2042-03-23
Also published as: CN114617112A

Abstract

The invention discloses a spraying device and a spraying method for controlling plant diseases and insect pests of forest fruits, and belongs to the field of plant diseases and insect pests. The utility model provides a spraying device for forest fruit pest control, includes movable automobile body, still includes: the water tank is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the movable vehicle body, a lifting device is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the movable vehicle body, and a rectangular frame is fixedly connected with the telescopic end of the lifting device; the reciprocating plate is connected to the rectangular frame through a reciprocating mechanism, the tail end of the reciprocating plate is rotationally connected with two arc rods through two rotating shafts, and two sides of the reciprocating plate are connected with the two arc rods through telescopic components; the plurality of vertical pipes are connected to the two arc-shaped rods in a sliding manner through the self-adaptive mechanism, and the upper ends of the plurality of vertical pipes are respectively connected with a rotary spray head in a rotating manner; when spraying the pesticide on the fruit of the fruit tree, the pesticide is not easy to be blocked by the leaves, and the spraying pesticide effect is greatly improved.

Description

Spraying device for controlling forest fruit diseases and insect pests and spraying method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of pest control, in particular to a spraying device for pest control of forest fruits and a spraying method thereof.

Background

The pest control is to reduce or prevent pathogenic microorganisms and pests from damaging crops or human and animals, and some means are artificially adopted, and generally can be divided into chemical control by using chemical substances such as pesticides and physical control by using physical energy such as light or rays or building barriers.

In the prior art, when carrying out pest control to the fruit tree, fruit growers generally can spray the liquid medicine on the surface of fruit through the mode of spraying medicine to reach pest control's effect, and find during spraying medicine, most fruit of fruit tree is because weight is great, then can hang in the below of branch, thereby can be blocked most areas by the leaf of fruit tree, when fruit growers sprayed medicine, in order to guarantee the effect of spraying medicine, then can lift the leaf, perhaps increase the spraying medicine and solve, thereby seriously influenced spraying medicine efficiency and spraying medicine quality.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problem of low pesticide spraying efficiency of fruit farmers on fruits in the prior art, and provides a spraying device for controlling forest fruit diseases and insect pests and a spraying method thereof.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the utility model provides a spraying device for forest fruit pest control, includes movable automobile body, still includes: the water tank is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the movable vehicle body, a lifting device is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the movable vehicle body, and a rectangular frame is fixedly connected with the telescopic end of the lifting device; the reciprocating plate is connected to the rectangular frame through a reciprocating mechanism, the tail end of the reciprocating plate is rotationally connected with two arc rods through two rotating shafts, and two sides of the reciprocating plate are connected with the two arc rods through telescopic components; the plurality of vertical pipes are connected to the two arc-shaped rods in a sliding manner through the self-adaptive mechanism, the upper ends of the plurality of vertical pipes are respectively connected with a rotary spray head in a rotating manner, and the water tank is fixedly connected with a liquid outlet pipe and a gas outlet pipe which extend to the inner bottom and the inner top of the water tank; the two arc-shaped pipes are fixedly connected to the lower ends of the two arc-shaped rods, wherein the two arc-shaped pipes are fixedly connected with first hoses at the input ends of the two arc-shaped pipes, the vertical pipes are fixedly connected with the arc-shaped pipes through second hoses, and the liquid outlet pipe, the air outlet pipe and the two first hoses are fixedly connected and communicated through a three-way pipe.

For efficient fruit spraying to fruit trees, preferably, the reciprocating mechanism includes driving motor of fixed mounting in rectangular frame upper end, driving motor's output fixedly connected with extends to the reciprocating screw of bottom in the rectangular frame, reciprocating screw's outer wall cover is equipped with rather than complex reciprocating slide, reciprocating slide sliding connection is on rectangular frame's inner wall, reciprocating plate passes through mounting bracket fixed connection on reciprocating slide, all be equipped with automatic pressurization subassembly between reciprocating slide and rectangular frame's upper and lower inner wall.

In order to automatically pressurize the water tank, further, the automatic pressurizing assembly comprises elastic air bags fixedly connected to the upper inner wall and the lower inner wall of the rectangular frame, the side walls of the two elastic air bags are respectively provided with an air suction pipe and an air exhaust pipe which are communicated with the elastic air bags, the upper end of the water tank is fixedly connected with a pressurizing pipe which extends to the inner top of the water tank, and the pressurizing pipe is fixedly connected with the air exhaust pipe of the elastic air bags through a third hose.

In order to facilitate the arc-shaped rod to cover the periphery of the trunk of the fruit tree, preferably, the telescopic assembly comprises first rotating seats fixedly connected to two sides of the reciprocating plate, telescopic devices are rotatably installed on the first rotating seats, and telescopic ends of the telescopic devices are rotatably connected to outer walls of the two arc-shaped rods through second rotating seats respectively.

In order to prevent the standpipe from being bent and damaged, preferably, the self-adaptive mechanism comprises a plurality of sliding grooves arranged at the upper end of the arc-shaped rod, a plurality of sliding blocks are connected in the sliding grooves in a sliding manner, the sliding blocks are elastically connected with the inner walls of the sliding grooves through springs, and the standpipe is respectively and fixedly connected with the sliding blocks.

In order to make the operation simpler and more convenient, further, elevating gear and telescoping device are electric telescopic handle.

In order to make the distribution of the risers more uniform, it is preferable that both of the arcuate bars be semi-circular.

In order to facilitate the on-off of the liquid outlet pipe and the air outlet pipe, preferably, electromagnetic valves are fixedly arranged in the liquid outlet pipe and the air outlet pipe.

The spraying method applied to the spraying device for controlling the forest fruit diseases and insect pests comprises the following operation steps:

step 1: moving the entire apparatus to a destination by a movable vehicle body;

step 2: covering the two arc-shaped rods around the trunk of the fruit tree through the openings of the two arc-shaped rods;

step 3: the tail ends of the two arc-shaped rods are closed through the telescopic device, so that the two arc-shaped rods completely cover the trunk of the fruit tree;

step 4: then the vertical pipe at the upper end of the arc-shaped rod is driven by the lifting device to be inserted into the gap between the support rods of the fruit tree;

step 5: starting the driving motor, and driving the plurality of vertical pipes to slide up and down under the fruit trees by the reciprocating plate;

step 6: at the moment, the reciprocating sliding plate which reciprocates up and down can indirectly squeeze the elastic air bag, and the elastic air bag can convey the gas in the air bag into the water tank;

step 7: gas in the water tank is sprayed out from the rotary spray head, and dust on the surface of fruits can be blown off by the rotary spray head;

step 8: after cleaning, opening an electromagnetic valve in the liquid outlet pipe, closing the electromagnetic valve in the air outlet pipe, and spraying the liquid medicine to the surface of the fruit by the rotary spray head;

step 9: after the spraying is finished, the vertical pipe is driven to reset by the lifting device, and then the two arc rods are driven to open again by the telescopic device, so that the spraying work of one fruit tree can be completed.

Compared with the prior art, the invention provides the spraying device for controlling the plant diseases and insect pests of the fruits, which has the following beneficial effects:

1. according to the spraying device for preventing and controlling the plant diseases and insect pests of the forest fruits, the two arc-shaped rods cover the trunk of the fruit tree completely through the telescopic device, then the vertical pipes are driven by the lifting device to be inserted into the gaps between the support rods of the fruit tree, the rotary spray head sprays the medicine on the fruits from the lower part of the fruit tree, the medicine liquid is not easy to be blocked by leaves, and the spraying effect is better;

2. according to the spraying device for controlling the plant diseases and insect pests of the fruits, the plurality of spraying heads are driven to slide up and down in a reciprocating manner through the driving motor and the reciprocating screw rod, gas in the water tank is sprayed out from the rotary spraying heads, so that dust on the surfaces of the fruits is blown off, the later pesticide spraying effect is improved, and the efficiency of blowing off the dust can be improved through the vertical pipes which reciprocate up and down;

3. this spraying device for forest fruit pest control closes the electromagnetic valve in the outlet duct through opening the electromagnetic valve in the drain pipe, and rotatory nozzle can spray the surface of fruit with the liquid medicine this moment to the standpipe of reciprocating sliding from top to bottom can promote rotatory nozzle's spray area, and this kind of mode of spraying medicine from the fruit tree bottom can more be efficient spouts the medicine to the fruit.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic axial structure diagram of a spraying device for controlling forest fruit diseases and insect pests;

fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a partial axial measurement structure of a spraying device for controlling plant diseases and insect pests of fruits according to the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a rectangular frame axis measurement structure of a spraying device for controlling forest fruit diseases and insect pests;

fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a partial top view structure of a spraying device for controlling plant diseases and insect pests of fruits according to the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a spraying device for controlling plant diseases and insect pests of fruits in fig. 1;

fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a spraying device for controlling plant diseases and insect pests of fruits in fig. 2B;

fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a structure of fig. 3C of a spraying device for controlling plant diseases and insect pests of fruits according to the present invention;

fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a rotation nozzle axis measurement structure of a spraying device for controlling forest fruit diseases and insect pests.

In the figure: 1. a movable vehicle body; 2. a water tank; 3. a lifting device; 4. a rectangular frame; 5. a shuttle plate; 6. an arc-shaped rod; 7. a telescoping device; 8. a standpipe; 9. rotating the spray head; 10. a liquid outlet pipe; 11. an air outlet pipe; 12. a three-way pipe; 13. an arc tube; 14. a first hose; 15. a chute; 16. a second hose; 17. a slide block; 18. a spring; 19. a reciprocating screw; 20. a driving motor; 21. a reciprocating slide plate; 22. a mounting frame; 23. an elastic air bag; 24. an air suction pipe; 25. a pressurizing tube; 26. a third hose; 27. a rotating shaft; 28. a first rotating seat; 29. and a second rotating seat.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments.

In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate or are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate description of the present invention and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Example 1:

referring to fig. 1 to 8, a spraying device for controlling plant diseases and insect pests of fruits of a forest, comprising a movable vehicle body 1, further comprising: the water tank 2 is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the movable vehicle body 1, wherein the lifting device 3 is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the movable vehicle body 1, and the telescopic end of the lifting device 3 is fixedly connected with the rectangular frame 4; the reciprocating plate 5 is connected to the rectangular frame 4 through a reciprocating mechanism, wherein the tail end of the reciprocating plate 5 is rotatably connected with two arc rods 6 through two rotating shafts 27, and two sides of the reciprocating plate 5 are connected with the two arc rods 6 through telescopic components; the plurality of vertical pipes 8 are connected to the two arc-shaped rods 6 in a sliding manner through the self-adaptive mechanism, wherein the upper ends of the plurality of vertical pipes 8 are respectively and rotatably connected with a rotary spray head 9, and the water tank 2 is fixedly connected with a liquid outlet pipe 10 and an air outlet pipe 11 which extend to the inner bottom and the inner top of the water tank; the two arc pipes 13 are fixedly connected to the lower ends of the two arc rods 6, wherein the input ends of the two arc pipes 13 are fixedly connected with first hoses 14, the vertical pipes 8 and the arc pipes 13 are fixedly connected through second hoses 16, the liquid outlet pipes 10, the air outlet pipes 11 and the two first hoses 14 are fixedly connected and communicated through the three-way pipe 12, electromagnetic valves are fixedly installed in the liquid outlet pipes 10 and the air outlet pipes 11, when fruits on fruit trees need to be sprayed, the whole device is moved through the movable vehicle body 1, at the moment, the two arc rods 6 are in an open state, then the two arc rods 6 are covered around a trunk of the fruit tree through openings of the two arc rods 6, then the tail ends of the two arc rods 6 are closed through a telescopic assembly, then the rectangular frame 4 is driven to move upwards through the lifting device 3, the rectangular frame 4 drives the arc rods 6 to move upwards, so that the supporting rods 8 at the upper ends of the arc rods 6 are inserted into gaps of the fruit trees, then the vertical pipes 8 are driven to reciprocate up and down through the reciprocating mechanism, the rotary spray heads 9 can be driven to reciprocate up and down to clean fruits on the fruit trees, the same time, the spray medicine is sprayed from the upper end of the vertical pipes 9, the rotary spray heads can rotate around the vertical pipes 9, the rotary spray air inlet pipes 9 can rotate evenly, and the dust can be sprayed out of the vertical pipes 9 in the same time, the same area, the spray air is sprayed into the vertical pipes, and the spray air is sprayed into the vertical pipes 9, and the same, and the dust can be sprayed into the fruit, and the fruit is sprayed into the fruit, and the fruit. This kind of mode of spouting medicine from fruit tree bottom can be higher efficient spouts the medicine to the fruit, when standpipe 8 inserts in the clearance of branch, and adaptive mechanism can make standpipe 8 more efficient pass the clearance of branch, and wherein standpipe 8 has elasticity, prevents that standpipe 8 from appearing plastic deformation and rupture phenomenon under branch stops.

Furthermore, the two arc-shaped rods 6 are semicircular, so that the distribution uniformity of the rotary spray heads 9 is improved.

Example 2:

referring to fig. 1 and 3, substantially the same as in embodiment 1, further: the reciprocating mechanism comprises a driving motor 20 fixedly arranged at the upper end of the rectangular frame 4, the output end of the driving motor 20 is fixedly connected with a reciprocating screw rod 19 extending to the inner bottom of the rectangular frame 4, the outer wall of the reciprocating screw rod 19 is sleeved with a reciprocating slide plate 21 matched with the reciprocating screw rod, the reciprocating slide plate 21 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the rectangular frame 4, the reciprocating plate 5 is fixedly connected to the reciprocating slide plate 21 through a mounting frame 22, an automatic pressurizing assembly is arranged between the reciprocating slide plate 21 and the upper and lower inner walls of the rectangular frame 4, the driving motor 20 is started, the driving motor 20 drives the reciprocating screw rod 19 to rotate, the reciprocating screw rod 19 drives the reciprocating slide plate 21 to reciprocate up and down, the reciprocating slide plate 21 drives the reciprocating plate 5 to reciprocate up and down through the mounting frame 22, and the reciprocating slide plate 21 drives a plurality of vertical pipes 8 to reciprocate up and down below a fruit tree, and the water tank 2 is pressurized through the automatic pressurizing assembly.

Example 3:

referring to fig. 1 and 3, substantially the same as in embodiment 2, further: the automatic pressurizing assembly comprises elastic air bags 23 fixedly connected to the upper inner wall and the lower inner wall of the rectangular frame 4, air suction pipes 24 and exhaust pipes which are communicated with the two elastic air bags 23 are arranged on the side walls of the two elastic air bags, a pressurizing pipe 25 which extends to the inner top of the water tank 2 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the water tank 2, the pressurizing pipe 25 is fixedly connected with the exhaust pipes of the elastic air bags 23 through a third hose 26, the reciprocating sliding plate 21 which slides up and down can indirectly extrude the elastic air bags 23 in the rectangular frame 4, and when the elastic air bags 23 are extruded, the inner air is conveyed into the water tank 2 through the exhaust pipes, the third hose 26 and the pressurizing pipe 25, so that the water tank 2 is automatically pressurized, and in actual use, the water tank 2 can be further externally connected with an air pump to pressurize the water tank, and the spraying effect of the rotary spray nozzle 9 can be improved.

Example 4:

referring to fig. 1-2 and fig. 4, substantially the same as in embodiment 1, further: the telescopic assembly comprises first rotating seats 28 fixedly connected to two sides of the reciprocating plate 5, telescopic devices 7 are rotatably installed on the two first rotating seats 28, telescopic ends of the two telescopic devices 7 are rotatably connected to outer walls of the two arc-shaped rods 6 respectively through second rotating seats 29, the tail ends of the telescopic devices 7 extend forwards, and the tail ends of the two arc-shaped rods 6 are closed by the telescopic devices 7, so that the two arc-shaped rods 6 completely cover trunks of fruit trees.

Furthermore, the lifting device 3 and the telescopic device 7 are electric telescopic rods, so that the structure is simpler, and the operation is more convenient.

Example 5:

referring to fig. 1, 2, 4, 6 and 7, the present invention is substantially the same as that of embodiment 1, and further: the self-adaptation mechanism is including setting up a plurality of spouts 15 in arc pole 6 upper end, equal sliding connection has slider 17 in a plurality of spouts 15, through spring 18 elastic connection between the inner wall of slider 17 and spout 15, a plurality of standpipe 8 fixed connection respectively on a plurality of sliders 17, during standpipe 8 inserts the clearance of trunk in, when the trunk blocks standpipe 8, slider 17 can slide in spout 15, thereby make standpipe 8 self-adaptation trunk interval, can prevent that standpipe 8 from buckling and rupture phenomenon from appearing, when standpipe 8 is pulled out from trunk interval, slider 17 can automatic re-setting under the effect of spring 18.

The spraying method of the spraying device for controlling the plant diseases and insect pests of the forest fruits comprises the following operation steps:

step 1: the entire apparatus is moved to a destination by the movable vehicle body 1;

step 2: the two arc-shaped rods 6 are covered around the trunk of the fruit tree through the openings of the two arc-shaped rods 6;

step 3: the tail ends of the two arc-shaped rods 6 are closed through the telescopic device 7, so that the two arc-shaped rods 6 completely cover the trunk of the fruit tree;

step 4: then the vertical pipe 8 at the upper end of the arc-shaped rod 6 is driven by the lifting device 3 to be inserted into the gap between the support rods of the fruit tree;

step 5: the driving motor 20 is started, and the reciprocating plate 5 drives the plurality of vertical pipes 8 to slide up and down under the fruit trees in a reciprocating manner;

step 6: at this time, the reciprocating slide plate 21 which reciprocates up and down indirectly presses the elastic air bag 23, and the elastic air bag 23 conveys the gas inside into the water tank 2;

step 7: the gas in the water tank 2 is sprayed out from the rotary spray head 9, and the rotary spray head 9 blows off dust on the surface of fruits;

step 8: after cleaning, opening an electromagnetic valve in the liquid outlet pipe 10, closing the electromagnetic valve in the air outlet pipe 11, and spraying the liquid medicine to the surface of the fruits by the rotary spray head 9;

step 9: after the spraying is finished, the vertical pipe 8 is driven to reset through the lifting device 3, and then the two arc rods 6 are driven to open again through the telescopic device 7, so that the spraying work of one fruit tree can be completed.

Working principle: in the invention, when spraying medicine to fruits on fruit trees, the whole device is moved through the movable vehicle body 1, at the moment, the two arc rods 6 are in an open state, namely, the two telescopic devices 7 are in a contracted state, then the two arc rods 6 are covered around the trunk of the fruit trees through openings of the two arc rods 6, then the tail ends of the telescopic devices 7 extend forwards, the tail ends of the two arc rods 6 are closed by the telescopic devices 7, so that the trunk of the fruit trees is covered by the two arc rods 6 completely, then the rectangular frame 4 is driven to move upwards by the lifting device 3, the rectangular frame 4 drives the arc rods 6 to move upwards, so that the vertical pipes 8 at the upper ends of the arc rods 6 are inserted into the gaps of the branch rods of the fruit trees, then the driving motor 20 is started, the driving motor 20 drives the reciprocating lead screw 19 to rotate, and the reciprocating slide plate 21 is driven to slide up and down in a reciprocating manner, the reciprocating slide plate 21 drives the reciprocating plate 5 to reciprocate up and down through the mounting frame 22, the reciprocating plate 5 drives the plurality of vertical pipes 8 to reciprocate up and down below the fruit trees, at the moment, the reciprocating slide plate 21 which reciprocates up and down can indirectly squeeze the elastic air bags 23 in the rectangular frame 4, when the elastic air bags 23 are squeezed, the air in the elastic air bags can be conveyed into the water tank 2 through the exhaust pipe, the third hose 26 and the pressurizing pipe 25, meanwhile, the electromagnetic valve in the liquid outlet pipe 10 is closed, the air in the water tank 2 can enter the three-way pipe 12 through the air outlet pipe 11, then enter the first hose 14 from the three-way pipe 12, then enter the arc-shaped pipe 13 from the arc-shaped pipe 13 into the vertical pipes 8 through the second hose 16, finally, the dust on the surface of the fruits can be blown down through the rotating spray nozzle 9 at the top of the vertical pipes 8, promote the effect of later stage spraying medicine to reciprocating standpipe 8 from top to bottom can promote the efficiency of blowing off the dust, and rotatory nozzle 9 can produce the rotation when the jet, thereby promote rotatory nozzle 9's spray area, after the clearance is accomplished, open the electromagnetic valve in drain pipe 10, close the electromagnetic valve in outlet duct 11, the liquid medicine of bottom in the water tank 2 then can carry standpipe 8 in the same mode as described above, finally spout the surface to the fruit from rotatory nozzle 9, and reciprocating gliding standpipe 8 from top to bottom can promote rotatory nozzle 9's spray area, and promote the homogeneity of spraying medicine, this kind of mode of spraying medicine from fruit tree bottom can be higher efficiency to the fruit spray medicine, when elastic air bag 23 is not receive the extrusion, elastic air bag 23 then can elastic reset, and absorb external air through breathing pipe 24, after spraying medicine, drive standpipe 8 through elevating gear 3 and reset, then drive two arc poles 6 and open again through telescoping device 7, can accomplish the spraying medicine work of a fruit tree.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present invention, should make equivalent substitutions or modifications according to the technical scheme of the present invention and the inventive concept thereof, and should be covered by the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. Spraying device for controlling plant diseases and insect pests of forest fruits, comprising a movable vehicle body (1), and being characterized by further comprising:

the water tank (2) is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the movable vehicle body (1),

the lifting device (3) is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the movable vehicle body (1), and the telescopic end of the lifting device (3) is fixedly connected with the rectangular frame (4);

a reciprocating plate (5) connected to the rectangular frame (4) through a reciprocating mechanism,

the tail end of the reciprocating plate (5) is rotatably connected with two arc-shaped rods (6) through two rotating shafts (27), and two sides of the reciprocating plate (5) are connected with the two arc-shaped rods (6) through telescopic components;

a plurality of vertical pipes (8) which are connected on the two arc rods (6) in a sliding way through a self-adaptive mechanism,

the upper ends of the plurality of vertical pipes (8) are respectively and rotatably connected with a rotary spray head (9), and a liquid outlet pipe (10) and a gas outlet pipe (11) are fixedly connected to the water tank (2);

two arc-shaped pipes (13) fixedly connected to the lower ends of the two arc-shaped rods (6),

the two arc-shaped pipes (13) are fixedly connected with first hoses (14) at the input ends, the vertical pipes (8) are fixedly connected with the arc-shaped pipes (13) through second hoses (16), and the liquid outlet pipe (10), the air outlet pipe (11) and the two first hoses (14) are fixedly connected and communicated through a three-way pipe (12);

the reciprocating mechanism comprises a driving motor (20) fixedly arranged at the upper end of the rectangular frame (4), the output end of the driving motor (20) is fixedly connected with a reciprocating screw rod (19) extending to the inner bottom of the rectangular frame (4), the outer wall of the reciprocating screw rod (19) is sleeved with a reciprocating slide plate (21) matched with the reciprocating screw rod, the reciprocating slide plate (21) is slidably connected onto the inner wall of the rectangular frame (4), the reciprocating plate (5) is fixedly connected onto the reciprocating slide plate (21) through a mounting frame (22), and an automatic pressurizing assembly is arranged between the reciprocating slide plate (21) and the upper inner wall and the lower inner wall of the rectangular frame (4);

the automatic pressurizing assembly comprises elastic air bags (23) fixedly connected to the upper inner wall and the lower inner wall of the rectangular frame (4), the side walls of the two elastic air bags (23) are respectively provided with an air suction pipe (24) and an air exhaust pipe which are communicated with the elastic air bags, the upper end of the water tank (2) is fixedly connected with a pressurizing pipe (25) extending to the inner top of the water tank, and the pressurizing pipe (25) is fixedly connected with the air exhaust pipe of the elastic air bags (23) through a third hose (26);

the telescopic components comprise first rotating seats (28) fixedly connected to two sides of the reciprocating plate (5), telescopic devices (7) are rotatably installed on the two first rotating seats (28), and telescopic ends of the two telescopic devices (7) are rotatably connected to outer walls of the two arc-shaped rods (6) through second rotating seats (29) respectively.

2. The spraying device for controlling forest fruit diseases and insect pests according to claim 1, wherein the self-adaptive mechanism comprises a plurality of sliding grooves (15) arranged at the upper end of the arc-shaped rod (6), a plurality of sliding blocks (17) are slidably connected in the sliding grooves (15), the sliding blocks (17) are elastically connected with the inner walls of the sliding grooves (15) through springs (18), and a plurality of vertical pipes (8) are fixedly connected to the sliding blocks (17) respectively.

3. The spraying device for controlling forest fruit diseases and insect pests according to claim 1, wherein the lifting device (3) and the telescopic device (7) are electric telescopic rods.

4. A spraying device for controlling fruit diseases and insect pests according to claim 1, characterized in that both arc-shaped rods (6) are semicircular.

5. The spraying device for controlling forest fruit diseases and insect pests according to claim 1, wherein electromagnetic valves are fixedly arranged in the liquid outlet pipe (10) and the air outlet pipe (11).

6. A spraying method of a spraying device for controlling forest fruit diseases and insect pests, which adopts the spraying device for controlling forest fruit diseases and insect pests according to any one of claims 1 to 5, and is characterized by comprising the following operation steps:

step 1: moving the whole device to a destination by a movable vehicle body (1);

step 2: the two arc-shaped rods (6) are covered around the trunk of the fruit tree through the openings of the two arc-shaped rods (6);

step 3: the tail ends of the two arc-shaped rods (6) are closed through the telescopic device (7), so that the two arc-shaped rods (6) completely cover the trunk of the fruit tree;

step 4: then a vertical pipe (8) at the upper end of the arc-shaped rod (6) is driven by the lifting device (3) to be inserted into a branch gap of the fruit tree;

step 5: starting the driving motor (20), and driving the plurality of vertical pipes (8) to slide up and down under the fruit trees by the reciprocating plate (5);

step 6: at the moment, the reciprocating sliding plate (21) which reciprocates up and down can indirectly press the elastic air bag (23), and the elastic air bag (23) can convey the internal gas into the water tank (2);

step 7: the gas in the water tank (2) is sprayed out from the rotary spray head (9), and the rotary spray head (9) can blow off dust on the surface of fruits;

step 8: after cleaning, opening an electromagnetic valve in the liquid outlet pipe (10), closing the electromagnetic valve in the air outlet pipe (11), and spraying liquid medicine to the surface of fruits by the rotary spray head (9);

step 9: after the spraying is finished, the vertical pipe (8) is driven to reset through the lifting device (3), and then the two arc rods (6) are driven to open again through the telescopic device (7), so that the spraying work of a fruit tree can be completed.