CN114617037A

CN114617037A - Planting method of taros

Info

Publication number: CN114617037A
Application number: CN202210357463.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 石华兵; 袁旭
Original assignee: Hubei Ruisheng Agricultural Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Hubei Ruisheng Agricultural Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-04-06
Filing date: 2022-04-06
Publication date: 2022-06-14

Abstract

The invention discloses a planting method of taros, in particular to the technical field of taro planting, which improves the soil quality by adopting the operations of feeding water, inserting and planting, draining water and covering soil at the same time of planting, overcomes the defect that the traditional disinfection can not avoid the reduction of the quantity of beneficial bacteria in soil, adds the components of the beneficial bacteria and chitin to play a role in killing germs, fungi and insect pests in soil, further enhances the sterilization and disinfection effect, increases the fertility degree of the soil while completing the sterilization of the soil, leads the taros to prefer the wetting and drying property, prefer the high temperature and the low temperature, leads the temperature of the soil to be reduced while keeping the soil moist by ground water feeding, leads the low temperature condition of the soil to appear after a small amount of water is watered and kept moist, plays a role in preserving heat when the soil surface is turned over again, leads the whole body to have certain heat preservation capability while keeping the moist environment, the growth and survival conditions of the early taros are more ideal, and the nutrients in the growth process are sufficient.

Description

Planting method of taros

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of taro planting, in particular to a taro planting method.

Background

The taro is taro belonging to Araceae, such as taro, etc. The taros are originally produced in India and Malaysia and other tropical areas. China has a long cultivation history, but is mainly planted in the south China, the southwest China and Yangtze river watersheds, and is rarely planted in the northeast and the northwest China. Taros are perennial tuber plants, often cultivated as annual crops. Taro is rich in nutrition, contains a large amount of starch, mineral substances and vitamins, is not only a vegetable, but also a grain, is rich in various components such as protein, calcium, phosphorus, iron, potassium, magnesium, sodium, carotene, nicotinic acid, vitamin C, B, saponin and the like, has rich nutritional value, can enhance the immune function of a human body, and can be used as a common medicated diet staple food for preventing and treating cancer. Taro contains a kind of mucin, can produce immunoglobulin after being absorbed by human body, or called antibody globulin, can improve the resistance of organism, so Chinese medicine thinks taro can detoxify, to the swelling and toxin pain of human body including cancerotoxicity to inhibit and dispel the function, can be used for preventing and treating diseases such as tumor and scrofula; the taro is an alkaline food, can neutralize acidic substances accumulated in the body, adjust the acid-base balance of the human body, generate the effects of maintaining beauty and keeping young and blackening hair, and can be used for preventing and treating hyperacidity; taro contains rich mucus saponin and multiple trace elements, and is a health vegetable with effects of clearing heat, removing toxic substance, invigorating spleen, and strengthening body constitution.

Chinese taro resources are abundant and mainly distributed in Zhujiang river, Yangtze river and Huaihe river basin. The taro is an important vegetable and grain crop, has high nutritive and medicinal value, and is a nutrient product suitable for both young and old; moreover, the starch granules of the taro are as small as 1/10 of potato starch, the digestibility can reach more than 98 percent, and the taro is particularly suitable for infants and patients to eat, so the taro is known as 'emperor supply'. Besides the main utilization of starch, taro can also be used for making vinegar, brewing wine, separating protein, extracting alkaloid and the like. With the increasing living standard of people, taros are more and more popular and are exported to japan, korea, australia and europe. Therefore, the planting area of China is enlarged year by year. However, the development degree of the taro in China is still far less than that of tuber and root crops such as Chinese yam, sweet potato, potato and the like, so that the taro cultivation method has important significance for the deep research of the taro cultivation technology.

At present, almost all plants mainly depend on soil for growth, and various bacteria, fungi, pests and the like exist in the soil and harm the normal growth of the plants, so people need to disinfect the soil before vegetable planting or seedling transplantation so as to facilitate better growth and development of the plants. The existing soil disinfection treatment methods can be roughly divided into two types: the first is physical disinfection method, including closed greenhouse maintaining high temperature, utilizing high temperature hot water to irrigate soil directly, utilizing solar energy with strong radiation to disinfect, etc.; the second type is chemical disinfection, which includes disinfection by natural substances (such as quicklime) and disinfection by synthetic chemicals. The two methods have respective advantages and disadvantages, the physical disinfection method is difficult to be applied to a large-area and large-scale planting mode, the disinfection effect is not good, and the drug residue is not caused; the chemical disinfection method has relatively good disinfection effect, common natural substances (such as quicklime) are utilized for disinfection, only part of pathogenic bacteria can be killed, and the artificially synthesized chemical agent has good killing effect on common soil-borne pathogens.

At present, the planting of the taros is partially carried out by depending on the experience of related personnel, the soil is not disinfected ideally before planting of taro sprouts, certain harmful bacteria and microorganisms exist in the soil, the survival rate and the subsequent growth condition of the taros are easily influenced, and meanwhile, the survival rate is lower due to the lower temperature or the drier soil environment after the taros are planted, so that the taros planting method is needed to solve the problems.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a taro planting method, and the technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: at present, the planting part of the taros is carried out by depending on the experience of related personnel, the disinfection treatment on soil is not ideal enough before planting of taro sprouts, certain harmful bacteria and microorganisms exist in the soil, the survival rate and the subsequent growth condition of the taros are easily influenced, and meanwhile, the problem that the survival rate is lower due to lower temperature or drier soil environment can occur after the taros are planted in an inserting way.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a taro planting method comprises the following steps:

s1, soil is turned, a land block with flat terrain is selected, the soil is fertile and deep, the soil is acidic or neutral sandy loam, deep ploughing is carried out before winter, the ploughing depth is kept at 25-32cm, base fertilizer and soil disinfectant are applied to the surface of the ploughed soil, and the soil applied with the base fertilizer and the soil disinfectant is ploughed flatly and finely;

s2, accelerating germination, namely airing the seed sprouts of the taros for 3-5 days, soaking the seed sprouts of the taros in 0.2% omethoate and 0.2% carbendazim aqueous solution for 5min, taking out the seed sprouts of the taros, airing, mixing the seed sprouts of the taros in wheat straws with certain moisture, placing the wheat straws in a position facing the sun in a leeward way, keeping the temperature at 18-23 ℃, carrying out accelerating germination by using a film or a straw bitter in the morning and at night, and obtaining the seed sprouts of the taros after accelerating germination when the sprouts of the seed sprouts of the taros grow to 1-1.5 cm;

s3, planting, digging a seed hole on the surface of the ploughed soil, wherein the depth of the seed hole is 10cm, draining water to the surface of the planting soil, transplanting the sprouted taro seed in the seed hole, slowly discharging water on the surface of the soil, turning the soil beside the taro on the surface, and wetting the soil by a small amount of water after the water at the bottom is dried;

s4, fertilizing, applying 1000kg of farmyard manure, 15kg of potassium sulfate, 50kg of biological organic fertilizer and 2kg of boron zinc magnesium fertilizer per 667 square meter when the taros grow to 3-4 leaves and expand, fertilizing, keeping the fertilizing depth at 6-8cm, adding 25kg of compound fertilizer, 50kg of cake fertilizer and 5-7cm of fertilizing when the 5-6 leaves of the taros expand, spraying 800 times of liquid leaf surface spray by adopting 68% methylfrost-manganese zinc wettable powder 600 and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in combination with puffing agent in the taro expansion period, and spraying once in 7-10 days.

As a further scheme of the invention: the soil disinfectant comprises the following components: licorice, Chinese sage, cockscomb flower, fenugreek seed, citron leaf, asiatic moonseed, beneficial bacteria powder, chitin, starch and rice husk;

the preparation process of the soil disinfectant comprises the following steps:

mixing the parched Glycyrrhrizae radix, semen Trigonellae and rhizoma Menispermi with the extracts of herba Salviae chinensis, flos Celosiae Cristatae and folium Citri, and extracting with anhydrous ethanol to obtain extractive solution;

stir-frying and carbonizing rice hulls, and crushing the carbonized rice hulls to 100 meshes for later use;

mixing beneficial bacterium powder and chitin, adding a proper amount of water, supporting solid particles, putting the rice hull powder after talking into the extracting solution, putting starch into the extracting solution, uniformly mixing to obtain a pasty mixture, drying the mixture and granulating to obtain the soil disinfectant.

As a further scheme of the invention: and in the planting process of S3, when planting holes are dug, selecting the seeds according to a triangular shape, realizing staggered planting of taro seeds, ensuring that the planting density is about 4000 plants per 667 square meter, and simultaneously applying cooked soybeans mixed with a small amount of insecticide among the taro seeds after the planting is finished.

As a further scheme of the invention: in the S3, the yam tubers need to be cut off and paclobutrazol and chlormequat chloride need to be applied in the process of earthing up and topdressing, when the yams grow to 5-6 leaves and the plant height is about 48cm, 5kg of chlormequat chloride and 150g of paclobutrazol are mixed for liquid level spraying every 667 square meters, the yam tubers are cut off when the yams grow to 7-8 leaves, and the yam tubers are cut off by a knife.

As a further scheme of the invention: the base fertilizer in the S1 comprises high-quality decomposed ring fertilizer, potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and diammonium phosphate, wherein the using amount of the base fertilizer is 5000kg of the high-quality decomposed ring fertilizer, 50kg of the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and 35kg of diammonium phosphate, the watering time interval in the S4 is kept about once every 7 days, the watering time is carried out in the morning and evening every day, and the watering is stopped 15 days before harvesting.

As a further scheme of the invention: the S4 compound fertilizer comprises the following components: the preparation method of the compound fertilizer comprises the steps of uniformly mixing the cake pulp, the inorganic fertilizer, the taro powder, the plant ash, the trace elements, the crushed corn straws and the fermentation biological agent to obtain a mixture, mixing the mixture with water, and then carrying out anaerobic fermentation in an environment of 50 ℃.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the method adopts the operations of water feeding, transplanting, water discharging and soil covering again while planting, simultaneously applies the soil disinfectant before planting the taros, the adopted soil disinfectant contains a sterilization component and a beneficial bacterium component, increases the quantity of the beneficial bacterium in the soil, improves the soil quality, overcomes the defect that the quantity of the beneficial bacterium in the soil cannot be reduced by the traditional disinfection, can kill germs, fungi and insect pests in the soil by the added beneficial bacterium and chitin components, further enhances the sterilization and disinfection effects, increases the fertility degree of the soil while sterilizing the soil, favors the moisture and dryness of the taros and favors the high temperature and the low temperature, reduces the temperature of the soil while keeping the moisture of the soil by ground water feeding, can generate the low-temperature condition of the soil after a small amount of water is watered to keep the moisture, and plays a role in heat preservation when the soil surface is turned over again, the whole taro has certain heat preservation capability while maintaining a moist environment, the development and survival conditions of the early taros are more ideal, and the sufficient nutrients in the development process are ensured;

2. according to the invention, the compound fertilizer is applied in the expanding period of the growth process of the taros, and the microelements and the fermentation microbial preparation in the compound fertilizer are both directed at the expanding period of the taros, so that the expanding period of the taros can obtain sufficient nutrients and is more beneficial to the expanding process, the planting yield of the taros is effectively improved, the cost is lower, and the compound fertilizer is suitable for being popularized and used in a large scale.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1:

a taro planting method comprises the following steps:

The soil disinfectant comprises the following components: licorice, Chinese sage herb, cockscomb, fenugreek seed, citron leaf, asiatic moonseed rhizome, beneficial bacteria powder, chitin, starch and rice husk;

the preparation process of the soil disinfectant comprises the following steps:

And in the S3, selecting the seeds according to a triangular shape when digging the seed holes in the planting process, realizing staggered planting of the taro seeds, ensuring that the planting density is about 4000 plants per 667 square meters, and applying cooked soybeans mixed with a small amount of insecticide among the taro seeds after the planting is finished.

In the S3, in the process of ridging and topdressing, the yam tubers need to be cut off, paclobutrazol and chlormequat chloride need to be applied, when the yams grow to 5-6 leaves and the plant height is about 48cm, 5kg of chlormequat chloride and 150g of paclobutrazol are mixed per 667 square meters for liquid surface spraying, the yam tubers are cut off when the yams grow to 7-8 leaves, and the yam tubers are cut off by a knife.

The base fertilizer in S1 comprises high-quality decomposed ring fertilizer, potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and diammonium phosphate, wherein the dosage of the base fertilizer is 5000kg of high-quality decomposed ring fertilizer, 50kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and 35kg of diammonium phosphate, the watering time interval in S4 is kept about 7 days, the watering time is carried out in the morning and evening of each day, and the watering is stopped 15 days before harvesting.

The S4 compound fertilizer comprises the following components: the preparation process of the compound fertilizer comprises the steps of uniformly mixing the cake pulp, the inorganic fertilizer, the taro powder, the plant ash, the trace elements, the corn crushed straws and the biological preparation to obtain a mixture, mixing the mixture with water, and then carrying out anaerobic fermentation in an environment of 50 ℃.

Example 2:

a taro planting method comprises the following steps:

s1, soil is turned, a land block with flat terrain is selected, the soil is fertile and deep, the soil is acidic or neutral sandy loam, deep ploughing is carried out before winter, the ploughing depth is kept at 25-32cm, base fertilizer is applied to the surface of the ploughed soil, and the ploughed soil is ploughed flatly and harrowed finely;

In the S3 process, the arrowroot is cut off, paclobutrazol and chlormequat chloride are applied, when the taro grows to 5-6 leaves and the plant height is about 48cm, the liquid surface spraying is carried out by mixing 5kg of chlormequat chloride and 150g of paclobutrazol every 667 square meter, the arrowroot is cut off when the taro grows to 7-8 leaves, and the arrowroot is cut off by a small knife.

The base fertilizers in S1 comprise high-quality decomposed ring fertilizers, potassium sulfate compound fertilizers and diammonium phosphate, wherein the dosage of the base fertilizers is 5000kg of the high-quality decomposed ring fertilizers, 50kg of the potassium sulfate compound fertilizers and 35kg of diammonium phosphate, the watering time interval in S4 is kept about 7 days, the watering time is carried out in the morning and evening of each day, and the watering is stopped 15 days before harvesting.

The S4 composite fertilizer comprises the following components: the preparation method of the compound fertilizer comprises the steps of uniformly mixing the cake pulp, the inorganic fertilizer, the taro powder, the plant ash, the trace elements, the crushed corn straws and the biological preparation to obtain a mixture, mixing the mixture with water, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation at 50 ℃.

Example 3:

a taro planting method comprises the following steps:

s1, soil is turned, a land block with flat terrain is selected, the soil is fertile and deep, the soil is acidic or neutral sandy loam, deep ploughing is carried out before winter, the ploughing depth is kept at 25-32cm, base fertilizer and a soil disinfectant are applied to the surface of the ploughed soil, and the soil with the base fertilizer and the soil disinfectant is ploughed flatly and finely;

s4, fertilizing, applying farmyard manure 1000kg, potassium sulfate 15kg, biological organic fertilizer 50kg and boron zinc magnesium fertilizer 2kg per 667 square meters when the taros grow to 3-4 leaves and expand, fertilizing, keeping the fertilizing depth at 6-8cm, adding cake fertilizer 50kg and fertilizing 5-7cm when the 5-6 leaves of the taros expand, spraying 800 times of liquid leaf surface spray by using 68% methylfrost-manganese zinc wettable powder 600-containing liquid in the taro expansion period in combination with the bulkier and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and spraying once in 7-10 days.

The soil disinfectant comprises the following components: licorice, Chinese sage, cockscomb flower, fenugreek seed, citron leaf, asiatic moonseed, beneficial bacteria powder, chitin, starch and rice husk;

the preparation process of the soil disinfectant comprises the following steps:

The following table is obtained by examples 1 to 3:

in conclusion, the present invention:

the invention adopts the operations of water feeding, transplanting, water discharging and soil covering while planting, simultaneously applies the soil disinfectant before planting the taros, and the adopted soil disinfectant contains a bactericidal component and a beneficial bacterium component, thereby increasing the quantity of the beneficial bacterium in the soil, improving the soil quality, overcoming the defect that the quantity of the beneficial bacterium in the soil can not be reduced by the traditional disinfection, further enhancing the bactericidal and disinfection effects by adding the beneficial bacterium and the chitin component, increasing the fertility degree of the soil while finishing the sterilization of the soil, leading the taros to be favored to be wet and dry and to be favored to be high temperature and low temperature, leading the temperature of the soil to be reduced while keeping the soil wet by ground water feeding, leading the soil to be in a low temperature condition after a small amount of water is watered to keep the soil wet, and playing a role in heat preservation when the soil surface is turned over again, the whole taro has certain heat preservation capability while maintaining a moist environment, the development and survival conditions of the early taros are more ideal, and the sufficient nutrients in the development process are ensured.

According to the invention, the compound fertilizer is applied in the expansion period of the growth process of the taros, and the microelements and the fermentation microbial preparation in the compound fertilizer are both directed at the expansion period of the taros, so that the expansion period of the taros can obtain sufficient nutrients and the expansion process can be better facilitated, the planting yield of the taros can be effectively improved, the cost is low, and the fertilizer is suitable for being popularized and used in large quantities.

The points to be finally explained are: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the general description and the specific embodiments, on the basis of the present invention, the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and these modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A taro planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s3, planting, namely digging a seed hole on the surface of the ploughed soil, wherein the depth of the seed hole is 10cm, draining water to the surface of the planted soil, then transplanting the bud of the germinated taro seed in the seed hole, slowly discharging water on the surface of the soil, turning the soil beside the taro on the surface, and wetting the soil by a small amount of water after the water at the bottom is dried;

2. A planting method of taros, according to claim 1, wherein the soil disinfectant comprises the following components: licorice, Chinese sage, cockscomb flower, fenugreek seed, citron leaf, asiatic moonseed, beneficial bacteria powder, chitin, starch and rice husk;

the preparation process of the soil disinfectant comprises the following steps:

3. A planting method of taros according to claim 1, wherein: and in the planting process of S3, when planting holes are dug, selecting the seeds according to a triangular shape, realizing staggered planting of taro seeds, ensuring that the planting density is about 4000 plants per 667 square meter, and simultaneously applying cooked soybeans mixed with a small amount of insecticide among the taro seeds after the planting is finished.

4. A planting method of taros according to claim 1, wherein: in the S3, the yam tubers need to be cut off and paclobutrazol and chlormequat chloride need to be applied in the process of earthing up and topdressing, when the yams grow to 5-6 leaves and the plant height is about 48cm, 5kg of chlormequat chloride and 150g of paclobutrazol are mixed for liquid level spraying every 667 square meters, the yam tubers are cut off when the yams grow to 7-8 leaves, and the yam tubers are cut off by a knife.

5. A planting method of taros according to claim 1, wherein: the base fertilizer in the S1 comprises high-quality decomposed ring fertilizer, potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and diammonium phosphate, wherein the using amount of the base fertilizer is 5000kg of the high-quality decomposed ring fertilizer, 50kg of the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and 35kg of diammonium phosphate, the watering time interval in the S4 is kept about once every 7 days, the watering time is carried out in the morning and evening every day, and the watering is stopped 15 days before harvesting.

6. A planting method of taros according to claim 1, wherein: the S4 compound fertilizer comprises the following components: the preparation method of the compound fertilizer comprises the steps of uniformly mixing the cake pulp, the inorganic fertilizer, the taro powder, the plant ash, the trace elements, the crushed corn straws and the fermentation biological agent to obtain a mixture, mixing the mixture with water, and then carrying out anaerobic fermentation in an environment of 50 ℃.