CN1146148A - 带有含羟丙基甲基纤维素包衣的呋喃硝胺片剂及生产所述包衣的方法 - Google Patents
带有含羟丙基甲基纤维素包衣的呋喃硝胺片剂及生产所述包衣的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
- A61K31/34—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having five-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. isosorbide
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- A61K31/341—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having five-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. isosorbide not condensed with another ring, e.g. ranitidine, furosemide, bufetolol, muscarine
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Abstract
提供了一种含有至少30%盐酸呋喃硝胺并带有包衣的呋喃硝胺片剂,所述包衣含有相互重量比为10∶1-1∶2的羟丙基甲基纤维素。所述包衣是通过将该包衣中所含的组分在含水的72.5-82.5%(重量)醇中的溶液进行涂布和干燥而生产的。
Description
本发明涉及含有至少30%盐酸呋喃硝胺(ranitidine)并带有含羟丙基甲基纤维素包衣的呋喃硝胺片剂以及制造这种呋喃硝胺片剂时生产这种所要求的包衣的方法。
在供口服投药的药片上提供包衣的方法通常采用糖衣包覆法或利用薄膜涂布技术,即类似于喷涂的一种方法。
本发明涉及将所述后一种技术应用于含有盐酸呋喃硝胺的片剂上。
对口服投药片剂进行涂布通常有各种目的。在这些目的中有:改善片剂外观,即颜色、光泽等,通过包覆具有难闻气味和味道的活性组分来避免这种令人不快的性质,减少对咽喉中粘液的摩擦,使药片易于溶胀。为了避免药片中的活性组分受潮和见光,也要进行涂布,从而通过延迟由于潮湿和见光引起的活性降低和可能的变色而延长药片的保存期。
但是,重要的是,药片包衣所能达到的对药片的保护作用并非如此有效,因此所服用的药物的生物利用率必然会降低到任何实质性的程度,这是由于避免或延迟了药片内部的崩解作用,或者是由于避免或延迟了活性物质从药片中溶解到消化液中之故。
呋喃硝胺的IUAC名称为N-[2-[[[5-(二甲氨基)-甲基-2-呋喃基]甲基]硫代]乙基]-N’-甲基-2-硝基-1,1-乙烯二胺,它是一种广泛用于治疗胃溃疡的H2-受体拮抗药。这种药是以盐酸盐形式使用的,且主要以片剂形式经口服使用投药。
呋喃硝胺的活性应在这样的水平上,即适于销售的呋喃硝胺片剂应含有约100mg至几百毫克的盐酸呋喃硝胺。这表示希望药片中赋形剂和辅料的量保持在较低的水平,以避免药片变得太大,并从而变成溶胀起来令人不快。由于这个原因,较好是盐酸呋喃硝胺构成药片的至少30%。
由于盐酸呋喃硝胺吸湿性强,且受潮和见光时容易分解,从而使活性降低,特别是发生变色,因此对盐酸呋喃硝胺药片来说特别需要一层有效的包衣。
但是,盐酸呋喃硝胺具有赋予它难以提供带有有效保护作用的,但又不会降低生物利用率的包衣的片剂的性质。
这可能是由于这样的事实,即由于盐酸呋喃硝胺在水中及在许多有机液体中具有很高的溶解度,所以在其干燥过程中以及随后在空气中湿气的作用下,它会透过所加包衣。透过包衣或刚迁移到包衣中的那部分盐酸呋喃硝胺在光和湿气的作用下会很快变色。
减轻有关盐酸呋喃硝胺包衣问题的一个明显的可能性是在片剂组合物中施用大量的惰性赋形剂,从而减少对盐酸呋喃硝胺的不利作用。但是,由于上述有关保持盐酸呋喃硝胺的量至少30%的这一要求,使得这种可能性在商业上不能被接受。
因此,呋喃硝胺片剂的包衣牵涉到一些特殊的问题。已经有人提出(参见已公开的丹麦专利申请No.2337/89)用含有作为增塑剂的三醋精的羟基聚甲基纤维素包衣来解决有关盐酸呋喃硝胺片剂包衣的一些问题。三醋精是一种增塑剂,以前已经在片剂包衣中,与羟丙基甲基纤维素一起得到一般的应用。
但是,在该专利申请中所公开的盐酸呋喃硝胺上的包衣有一定的缺点,而且,在某种程度上,这也适用于该申请中所涉及的涂布方法。
这主要是由于这样的事实,即使用不含实质性含量的其它成膜聚合物生产出的薄膜包衣较容易被水蒸汽和盐酸呋喃硝胺透过。后者可以迁移到包衣中,甚至到达包衣表面上,发生分解并变色,除非该包衣层厚得足以抵消这种渗透性。
因此,按照所述专利申请药片上所用包衣是比较厚的,相当于每100重量份药片形成聚合物包衣的量为2.1-5.0,较好3.0-4.0重量份。
还谈到该先有技术的包衣既可以以水溶液形式施加上去,也可以以纯有机溶液形式施加上去,然后将溶剂蒸发掉。
但是,鉴于目前关于保护环境的要求,如上述申请提出的使用纯有机溶剂,尤其氯代烃类,的建议将很难被人们考虑。
当采用含有大量水的溶液来涂布包衣时,尤其涂布较厚的涂层时会有问题,至少当涉及纤维素衍生物时是如此。
这是由于这样的事实,即把所述溶液雾化时所采用的技术涉及到关于该溶液最大粘度的某些限制。这表示溶液中干固体含量受到限制,因此当需要涂布较厚的包衣时需要蒸发大量的水。
特别是由于众所周知的水的蒸发热较大,因此在温和的干燥条件下,处理片剂所需的时间较长。因此,涂布过程变慢,于是对于给定的设备而言,其生产能力就变低。此外,还证明,采用水溶液干燥法生产的这种较厚的包衣常常不能牢固地粘附在盐酸呋喃硝胺药片的表面上,尤其当涂布过程进行得不够慢时更是如此。
由于盐酸呋喃硝胺通过包衣薄膜迁移所引起的问题原则上可以解决,其办法是:第一步,先将药片芯层涂布一个乙基纤维素的氯代烃溶液薄层,然后,第二步,在溶剂蒸发后涂布一层羟丙基甲基纤维素的水溶液,所述水溶液还可进一步包含必要颜料、增塑剂和其它常用辅料。
然而,由于环境的原因,需要使用氯代烃的这种方法的第一步是不可取的,此外,还有由于盐酸呋喃硝胺在水中的溶解度高而产生的其它问题。由于这种高的溶解度,盐酸呋喃硝胺药片在摄取后通常会从表面溶解,而不会胀破,因为在药片表面的盐酸呋喃硝胺浓溶液会推迟水进一步迁移到芯层中,由于这个原因,药片中通常的发泡剂不会接触到为促使药片胀破所需的水量。
这表示一方面,乙基纤维素薄膜必须密实到在用羟丙基甲基纤维素的水溶液涂布羟丙基甲基纤维素膜的过程中能防止水进入到芯层中,但在另一方面,它又不能如此密实以致防碍水在短时间内,即15-30秒内透过该膜,达到足以使包衣从片芯松脱的程度。假如该膜实际上变得比较密实,则结果很可能是一种能延迟释放活性物质的药片,这是不希望的,因为这样可能会导致生物利用率的较大变化。
因此,这种两步涂布方法不仅具有需要使用对环境保护而言所不希望的氯代烃的缺点,而且也难以操作和控制。
现已证明,采用以羟丙基甲基纤维素(如下面所定义)和乙基纤维素(如下面所定义)的组合作为唯一组分或主要成膜聚合物组分的涂层材料,只需用比丹麦专利申请No.2337/89通常用的包衣厚度更薄的包衣厚度就能满足上述规定的对盐酸呋喃硝胺片剂上药片包衣的要求,而且同时涂布工艺的进行也不会有问题。
关于为何能得到这种令人惊奇的结果,本发明不受任何专门理论的限制,但是可以推测,乙基纤维素使得包衣较不透水,并使得包衣对盐酸呋喃硝胺通过该层迁移的阻力比通过只由羟丙基甲基纤维素构成的涂层迁移的阻力大。但是,同时该包衣比先有技术的羟丙基甲基纤维素包衣薄这一事实意味着相对于先有技术包衣而言,其生物利用率并没有降低。
由此可见,本发明的呋喃硝胺片剂的特征在于其包衣含有相互重量比为10∶1-1∶2的羟丙基甲基纤维素和乙基纤维素。优选该重量比为4∶1-1∶1,典型地为2∶1。
可以考虑的羟丙基甲基纤维素是这样的一种纤维素,其2%(重量)的水溶液在20℃的粘度为2-18mPas,优选为4.0-7.2mPas。特别优选的制剂是羟丙基甲基纤维素2910,这种纤维素定义为按干基计,含有至少7.0%、至多12.0%羟基丙氧基和至少28.0%、至多30.0%甲氧基的甲基纤维素丙二醇醚。
可以考虑的乙基纤维素是一种纤维素的乙基醚,它在100℃干燥2小时后含至少44.0%、至少51.0%的乙氧基。
包衣中除了含有所述纤维素衍生物以外还可含有用于这种包衣的各种辅料,例如常用的增塑剂如丙二醇、三醋精、柠檬酸三乙酯等,着色剂以及含有尤其二氧化钛或氧化铁的颜料配剂。此外,也可用植物油和/或其它辅料如聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮作为增塑剂或减摩剂。
合适的包衣厚度应相当于按药片重量计,羟丙基甲基纤维素和乙基纤维素的总含量为1-2.5%,优选1.5-2.0%,典型地为1.7%。具有这种厚度的包衣已被证明是最佳的包衣,因为这样只要用简单和快速的涂布程序就可赋予药片所希望的性质,尤其关于在存放时防止变色的性质,而不会产生关于呋喃硝胺生物利用率方面所不希望的性质。
由于上面所定义的羟丙基甲基纤维素与乙基纤维素具有截然不同的溶解特性,所以不可能期望将这两种物质以足够大的浓度溶解在普通的溶剂中,以确保含有足量的颜料物质来保护盐酸呋喃硝胺不受光的影响。
但是,已经证明,使用一种由醇的水溶液组成的溶剂介质,其中所述醇选自甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇和异丙醇,优选乙醇,且醇与水的比例经过仔细选择,就可以使羟丙基甲基纤维素和乙基纤维素按所需比例和浓度溶解,从而能用通常的涂布技术以一步法生产上述的包衣。
因此,本发明也涉及生产本发明的呋喃硝胺片剂的方法,该方法的特征在于制备含有2.5-9%(重量)羟丙基甲基纤维素和1.5-6%(重量)乙基纤维素的含水醇溶液,醇水中含有72.5-82.5%(重量)的醇,醇可选自甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇和异丙醇,如果希望的话,该溶液还可含有呈溶解和/或悬浮状态的常用增塑剂、着色剂和颜料,以及其它常用辅助剂,然后用喷涂法将该溶液涂布在含有盐酸呋喃硝胺的药片上,同时使药片在处于醇水蒸发温度下的干燥气流中移动。
较好是制备羟丙基甲基纤维素和乙基纤维素总含量为7-15%重量的含水醇溶液,醇水中乙醇含量约为78%(重量)。
该方法可用任何通常用于类似目的的装置来实施。采用能使药片在流化条件下一边进行旋涡运动,一边用通过一个二流喷嘴雾化的溶液进行涂布的设备就可获得特别满意的结果。
由本发明方法生产的包衣通常都能牢固地粘附在盐酸呋喃硝胺片剂的表面上,这可能是因为较薄的厚度不会引起在药片表面与包衣之间产生液体或气体的夹带。但是,为了确保在改变操作条件时也具有足够的粘着力,最好在要被喷涂到药片上的溶液中加入表面活性剂。作为这样的表面活性剂,优选使用吐温-80(一种多乙氧基醚)。
本发明由下面的具体实例得到进一步的说明。
实例
将534g乙基纤维素(10厘泊)溶于13289g 99.9%(重量)乙醇中,再将120g聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮溶于所形成的溶液中。然后加入1066g羟丙基甲基纤维素和533g二氧化钛,接着按下列次序加入和混合下列组分:100g Macrogol 400(一种聚乙二醇、增塑剂)、200g丙二醇(增塑剂)、100g吐温-80(表面活性剂)和200g豆油(增塑剂和减摩剂)。
随后将3858g纯化水加入到所得搅拌着混合物中,得到总重20kg的物料。
用机械搅拌装置将该混合物搅拌5小时以确保羟丙基甲基纤维素完全溶解。
用传统方法通过添加粘合剂、发泡剂和上光剂等药物上可接受的辅料制造凸面的未涂布盐酸呋喃硝胺片芯,每个片芯含有相当于150mg游离碱的呋喃硝胺,最后得到每片重230mg的片芯。
将800g片芯加入到容量为1kg的涂布设备中,利用二流喷嘴用上述涂布溶液进行涂布。每个片芯涂布8mg固体物质,相当于每100重量份片芯羟丙基甲基纤维素和乙基纤维素的总涂布量为1.9重量份。
片芯上可印上数字和文字。这些数字和文字不会因为涂布了包衣而变模糊,而就象在未涂布的片芯上一样显得清晰,容易识别。
经涂布的药片没有发生任何变色现象,而且在正常条件下存放较长时间后,药片仍能保持其外观。
Claims (6)
1.含有至少30%盐酸呋喃硝胺并带有含羟丙基甲基纤维素包衣的呋喃硝胺片剂,其特征在于所述包衣含有相互重量比为10∶1-1∶2的羟丙基甲基纤维素和乙基纤维素。
2.按照权利要求1的呋喃硝胺片剂,其特征在于羟丙基甲基纤维素与乙基纤维素的重量比为4∶1-1∶1。
3.制造如权利要求1或2中定义的呋喃硝胺片剂时生产所要求的包衣的方法,其特征在于制备含有2.5-9%(重量)羟丙基甲基纤维素和1.5-6%(重量)乙基纤维素,以及任选的呈溶解和/或悬浮形式的常用增塑剂、着色剂和颜料及其它常用辅助剂的含水醇溶液,所述醇水包含72.5-82.5%(重量)选自甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇和异丙醇的醇,然后将该溶液喷涂在含有盐酸呋喃硝胺的药片上,同时使该药片在处于醇水蒸发温度下的干燥气流中移动。
4.按照权利要求3的方法,其特征在于所制备的含水醇溶液中羟丙基甲基纤维素和乙基纤维素的总含量为7-15%(重量),醇水中乙醇含量约为78%(重量)。
5.按照权利要求3或4的方法,其特征在于所述溶液中还加入表面活性剂。
6.按照权利要求5的方法,其特征在于所述表面活性剂是吐温-80(多乙氧基醚)。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DK046894A DK171127B1 (da) | 1994-04-22 | 1994-04-22 | Ranitidintablet med et hydroxypropylmethylcelluloseholdigt overtræk samt fremgangsmåde til at tilvejebringe dette overtræk |
DK0468/94 | 1994-04-22 |
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EP (1) | EP0794768A1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JPH09512023A (zh) |
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TW464502B (en) * | 1996-03-12 | 2001-11-21 | Shiseido Co Ltd | W/O type emulsified composition and the method of making the same, and W/O type emulsified cosmetic |
US6306164B1 (en) | 1997-09-05 | 2001-10-23 | C. R. Bard, Inc. | Short body endoprosthesis |
IT1311915B1 (it) * | 1999-04-12 | 2002-03-20 | Pharmexcel S R L | Compressa anidra di cloridrato di ranitidina con rivestimento a doppiostrato e sua composizione. |
SE9903879D0 (sv) * | 1999-10-28 | 1999-10-28 | Ethical Pharmaceuticals Sweden | Multipor food protection |
KR100459770B1 (ko) * | 2002-01-29 | 2004-12-04 | 전자부품연구원 | 실리카 미립자가 증착된 웨이퍼의 고밀화 방법 |
US20050152932A1 (en) * | 2003-06-12 | 2005-07-14 | Valery Normand | Non-crystalline perfume or flavor delivery system |
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US4880636A (en) * | 1988-05-13 | 1989-11-14 | Franz Robert M | Film coated tablet of ranitidine HCl |
US5084278A (en) * | 1989-06-02 | 1992-01-28 | Nortec Development Associates, Inc. | Taste-masked pharmaceutical compositions |
CA2146999A1 (en) * | 1992-10-16 | 1994-04-28 | Stephen John Douglas | Taste-masking compositions of ranitidine |
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MX9604858A (es) | 1998-05-31 |
NZ284792A (en) | 1997-03-24 |
DK171127B1 (da) | 1996-06-24 |
US5741507A (en) | 1998-04-21 |
CZ308696A3 (en) | 1997-04-16 |
AU2343095A (en) | 1995-11-16 |
NO964198D0 (no) | 1996-10-03 |
MD984B1 (ro) | 1998-06-30 |
AU690680B2 (en) | 1998-04-30 |
HU9602689D0 (en) | 1996-11-28 |
BR9507486A (pt) | 1997-08-12 |
EP0794768A1 (en) | 1997-09-17 |
GR970300040T1 (en) | 1997-11-28 |
HUT75962A (en) | 1997-05-28 |
CZ283645B6 (cs) | 1998-05-13 |
NO964198L (no) | 1996-10-03 |
PL316965A1 (en) | 1997-03-03 |
EE03248B1 (et) | 2000-02-15 |
FI964238A (fi) | 1996-10-21 |
LV11591B (en) | 1997-04-20 |
DK46894A (da) | 1995-10-23 |
JPH09512023A (ja) | 1997-12-02 |
IS4375A (is) | 1996-10-07 |
WO1995028918A1 (en) | 1995-11-02 |
DE794768T1 (de) | 1998-01-15 |
LV11591A (lv) | 1996-12-20 |
CA2187323A1 (en) | 1995-11-02 |
BG100992A (en) | 1997-08-29 |
KR970702031A (ko) | 1997-05-13 |
SK134896A3 (en) | 1997-05-07 |
ES2106696T1 (es) | 1997-11-16 |
RU2117476C1 (ru) | 1998-08-20 |
FI964238A0 (fi) | 1996-10-21 |
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