CN114606209A - 一种热稳定性高的突变体Cblac-Mut8漆酶 - Google Patents

一种热稳定性高的突变体Cblac-Mut8漆酶 Download PDF

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CN114606209A
CN114606209A CN202011399467.XA CN202011399467A CN114606209A CN 114606209 A CN114606209 A CN 114606209A CN 202011399467 A CN202011399467 A CN 202011399467A CN 114606209 A CN114606209 A CN 114606209A
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毛国涛
宋安东
王方园
王杰
王风芹
谢慧
张宏森
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Abstract

本申请属于酶工程技术领域,具体涉及一种热稳定性高的突变体Cblac‑Mut8漆酶。本发明通过设计得到一种热稳定性强的突变体Cblac‑Mut8漆酶;经酶学性质研究,该酶最适温度为60℃,最适pH=4.0。在50℃时,Cblac‑Mut8酶活半衰期达到48h以上;在60℃时,Cblac‑Mut8酶活半衰期也可达到26.6h。而且,与Cblac漆酶(WT)相比,50℃时突变体Cblac‑Mut8的催化活性(kcat/Km)比WT提高了9.5倍,对于温度的耐受性更强,催化活性更高。本发明的技术效果与现有技术相比,所得突变体Cblac‑Mut8对孔雀石绿的降解能力强于大多数已报到漆酶,是一种具有很高工业应用前景的漆酶。

Description

一种热稳定性高的突变体Cblac-Mut8漆酶
技术领域
本申请属于酶工程技术领域,具体涉及一种热稳定性高的突变体Cblac-Mut8漆酶。
背景技术
漆酶是一类广泛存在的酶,它能氧化多种酚类和非酚类芳香底物,同时还能还原为水,具有广泛的底物特异性和生态友好性(以空气中的分子氧为最终电子受体,仅以副产品的形式释放水),被认为是一种具有广阔应用前景的生物绿色工具。漆酶有单聚体、二聚体或四聚体糖基蛋白。主要来源是真菌漆酶和细菌漆酶,真菌漆酶一般为60-70 kDa,具有严重的糖基化修饰,最适反应温度一般为30℃-60℃, pH耐受范围在 3.5-7.0之间。而细菌漆酶具有底物谱宽,不需要糖基化修饰,热稳定性好,pH耐受性范围宽、耐碱性强等显著优点而被广泛关注。
漆酶作为一种绿色生物催化剂,在处理耐污染的环境污染物和染料废水方面具有诱人的优势,由于漆酶可以催化大量酚类和非酚类化合物的氧化,同时把分子中的氧分解成水,能够加速水中有机污染物的降解和无害化。
本发明所涉及的Cblac蛋白来源发现于德国一处热泉中的Caldicellulosiruptor bescii,该菌是一种厌氧细菌,已报道其生长最适条件为最适生长温度 70-80℃,最高可耐受90℃高温,该菌株能够降解结晶纤维素、木聚糖,以及未处理的植物生物质,包括杨树和柳枝稷等潜在的生物能源植物。发明人以隶属DUF152家族的Cblac漆酶为对象以期提供一种热稳定性高,并能有效处理有机染料的漆酶突变体。
发明内容
本申请的技术目的是提供一种热稳定性高的突变体Cblac-Mut8漆酶,从而改善野生型Cblac漆酶的热稳定性和可溶性表达。基于一个总的发明构思,本发明还包括编码该突变体漆酶的基因、该突变体的制备方法及其应用。
一种热稳定性高的突变体Cblac-Mut8漆酶,其氨基酸序列如SEQ NO.3所示。
编码突变体Cblac-Mut8漆酶的基因序列,具体如SEQ NO.4所示。
含有上述基因序列的重组表达载体或重组菌。
一种获得上述热稳定性高的突变体Cblac-Mut8漆酶的方法,具体包括以下步骤:
1)蛋白序列预测:将Cblac漆酶的氨基酸序列利用SWISS-MODEL进行结构模拟,将建模结果提交至PROSS软件进行突变位点预测,得到如SEQ NO.3所示的突变体蛋白序列;
2)重组载体构建:根据编码原则合成该蛋白的基因序列,将该基因序列与表达载体进行重组,获得重组载体;
3)蛋白表达与纯化:重组载体在细菌受态细胞中过量表达后收集、破碎,40~60℃孵育10~60 min,离心收集沉淀,用亲和层析柱纯化,即得突变体Cblac-Mut8漆酶。
优选的,Cblac漆酶的氨基酸序列如SEQ NO.2所示。
进一步优选的,编码Cblac漆酶的基因序列如SEQ NO.1所示。
优选的,步骤2)中的表达载体为pET-28a质粒;步骤3)中的细菌受态细胞为大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)。
基于一个总的发明构思,本发明还包括上述突变体Cblac-Mut8漆酶在降解有机染料中的应用。
本发明通过设计得到一种热稳定性强的突变体Cblac-Mut8漆酶;经酶学性质研究,该酶最适温度为60℃,最适pH=4.0。在50℃时,Cblac-Mut8酶活半衰期达到48h以上;在60℃时,Cblac-Mut8酶活半衰期也可达到26.6h。而且,与Cblac漆酶(WT)相比,50℃时突变体Cblac-Mut8的催化活性(kcat/ Km)比WT提高了9.5倍,对于温度的耐受性更强,催化活性更高。
用突变体Cblac-Mut8对有机染料进行脱色。结果显示,在60℃条件下利用Cblac-Mut8对100mg/L孔雀石绿溶液处理4h,孔雀石绿的降解率可达98%以上。利用突变体Cblac-Mut8脱色后的处理液进行生物培养,结果表明,脱色后处理液对细菌生长无影响,证明该突变体Cblac-Mut8对有机染料具有优异的脱毒作用,可以实现对有机染料的生物无害化处理。本发明的技术效果与现有技术相比,所得突变体Cblac-Mut8对孔雀石绿的降解能力强于大多数已报到漆酶,是一种具有很高工业应用前景的漆酶。
附图说明
图1 纯化Cblac漆酶(WT)及突变体Cblac-Mut8漆酶的SDS-PAGE电泳图;
图2 不同温度条件下的酶活测定;
图3 不同pH条件下的酶活测定;
图4 pH稳定性测定;
图5 热稳定性测定;
图6不同温度条件下的Cblac和Cblac-Mut8漆酶酶动力学曲线;
图7 Cblac漆酶对孔雀石绿的脱色效果;
图8 Cblac漆酶处理不同时间的孔雀石绿降解率对比;
图9 Cblac漆酶处理液培养大肠埃希菌的生长曲线;
图10 Cblac漆酶(WT)和Cblac-Mut8(突变体)氨基酸序列比对;
图11 60℃孵育30min Cblac(WT)与突变体Cblac-Mut8酶活对比;
图12 突变体Cblac-Mut8漆酶对孔雀石绿的脱色效果;
图13 突变体Cblac-Mut8漆酶处理不同时间的孔雀石绿降解率对比;
图14突变体Cblac-Mut8处理液培养枯草芽孢杆菌的生长曲线。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步的详细描述。
本发明所用大肠埃希菌(Escherichia coil)购自中国微生物保藏中心,保藏号CICC 10305;所用枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)购自中国微生物保藏中心,保藏号CICC 10275;PET28a质粒、DH5a大肠杆菌感受态细胞、BL21(DE3)大肠杆菌感受态细胞为普通市售,现保存于河南农业大学实验室中;酵母粉、胰蛋白胨均购自法国OXOID;磷酸氢二钠、磷酸二氢钠、氯化钠均购自天津大茂;孔雀石绿购自上海源叶生物有限公司。
实施例1 Cblac漆酶的优化表达
首先根据Cblac漆酶的基因序列(参考NCBI基因序列数据库,基因序列登录号:CP001393.1)进行密码子优化,优化后的基因序列如SEQ NO.1所示。优化前的基因序列属厌氧细菌表达体系,经密码子优化后,基因序列SEQ NO.1适用好氧细菌表达体系。
以上述基因序列(南京金瑞斯生物科技有限公司合成)为模板,利用PCR试剂盒进行基因扩增,所用引物对具体为:
Cblac-NdeI-F: GTGGTGGTATCGAAGGTAGGCATATGGGCTTTGTTAAAGAAAAC
Cblac-XhoI-R: ACAAGCTTGAATTCGGATCCCTCGAGCTAACGACGAACCATACGCAG
PCR条件为:98 ℃,5 min;98 ℃,20 s;56 ℃,30 s;72 ℃,2 min30 s;72 ℃,10min;4℃,99 min;进行22个循环;
扩增完成后,将克隆序列通过限制内切酶链接到pET-28a 质粒的NcoI与XhoI间,制备重组质粒PET28a-Cblac,并将重组质粒在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中过量表达;感受态细胞经5000 rpm,5min离心收集,于PBS (pH=7.4)高压1000 bar破碎后经50℃孵育30min,18000g,30min离心收集,然后利用Ni离子亲和柱纯化,得到Cblac漆酶。纯化Cblac蛋白的SDS-PAGE电泳图如图1所示(WT);从图中可以看出,在30KDa位置出现电泳条带,说明获得了纯化的Cblac蛋白。经蛋白测序,Cblac漆酶的氨基酸序列如SEQ NO.2所示。
实施例2 Cblac酶活及酶活性质测定
以2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline)-6-sulfonate (ABTS, ε420 = 38,000 M-1 cm-1) 为底物,在20mM 醋酸-醋酸钠反应缓冲液体系中进行Cblac酶性质及酶活测定;测定结果见图2~图5。结果显示Cblac漆酶在60℃的酶活最高,最适pH值为pH4.0;酶活在50℃的半衰期预测10h左右。
测定50℃条件下Cblac的酶促动力学:在1 mM CuSO4溶液中加入Cblac漆酶10U/L,反应体系200μl,反应时间20min;通过测定420nm波长处的吸光值来确定反应速率,所得酶促动力学曲线见图6;可以看出,Cblac漆酶的Km =2.31,kcat=5.2 min-1kcat/ Km=2.25。
以2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline)-6-sulfonate (ABTS, ε420 = 38,000 M-1 cm-1) 为底物,在20mM 醋酸-醋酸钠反应缓冲液体系中添加不同的金属离子,添加浓度10mM;不同金属离子存在时,Cblac漆酶酶活对比见表1;
表1 不同金属离子对酶活的影响
Figure 854962DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
从上表可以看出,Mn离子和Zn离子对实施例1所得Cblac漆酶活性有一定促进作用,且Cblac漆酶对Cl离子的耐受性较高,当Cl离子浓度达到1000mM时仍能保持28%的酶活性。
实施例3 Cblac漆酶对孔雀石绿降解效果的考察
配制孔雀石绿母液500mg/L;将母液加入20mM 醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲体系,使缓冲体系中孔雀石绿浓度为50mg/L;调节pH值4.0,加入Cblac漆酶40U/l,于50℃处理24h,考察Cblac漆酶对孔雀石绿染料的降解效果。Cblac漆酶对孔雀石绿的脱色效果见图7,从图中可以看出,经Cblac漆酶在pH4.0,50℃处理后,处理液在618nm处最大吸收峰明显下降,表明孔雀石绿被降解。不同处理时间缓冲液中孔雀石绿的降解率对比结果如图8所示,可以看出孔雀石绿在12h已基本被降解完全。
将上述利用Cblac漆酶降解孔雀石绿后的处理液用以培养细菌。按照体积比1:1将处理液加入液体LB培养基中,接入大肠埃希菌,测定一定时间内菌体生长曲线(图9);上述试验以仅用LB培养基培养为对照组(control),每个条件设置三个平行。从图9可以看出用稀释的处理液培养大肠埃希菌,菌体生长曲线与对照组相似。而加入50mg/L孔雀石绿的样品组,菌体生长受到严重抑制;上述结果证明,经Cblac漆酶处理孔雀石绿后,并不产生抑制细菌生长的物质,因而能够实现对孔雀石绿的生物无害化处理。
实施例4 Cblac的酶学改造及突变体Cblac-Mut8的制备
实施例1~3结果表明,利用Cblac漆酶能够实现对孔雀石绿的生物无害化处理,且Cblac漆酶的使用量小,处理效果高。
但是根据对Cblac漆酶的研究发现,Cblac漆酶的表达大部分为包涵体,酶活性较低,热稳定性较差,为了提高Cblac漆酶热稳定性和可溶性表达,利用SWISS-MODEL结构模拟(PDB)结构提交至PROSS软件对Cblac漆酶氨基酸序列进行突变位点预测,得到突变体Cblac-Mut8漆酶序列,具体氨基酸序列如SEQ NO.3所示。预测的突变体Cblac-Mut8氨基酸序列与Cblac漆酶(WT)比对如图10,图中—代表a螺旋,→代表β折叠片,可以看出,突变体与野生型相比其突变位点共17个。
根据突变体氨基酸序列得到Cblac-Mut8漆酶的基因序列,具体如SEQ NO.4所示。以该基因序列(南京金瑞斯生物科技有限公司合成)为模板,并通过限制内切酶链接到pET-28a 质粒的NcoI与XhoI间,得到重组质粒PET28a-Cblac-Mut8;在实验室将重组质粒导入大肠杆菌DH5a中,37℃,12h后提质粒测序(北京擎科生物科技有限公司);将质粒在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中过量表达,细胞经5000 rpm,5min离心收集,在PBS (pH=7.4)高压1000 bar条件下破碎后经50℃孵育30min,18000g,30min离心,用Co+亲和柱纯化,得到Cblac-Mut8纯酶。所得纯化突变体Cblac-Mut8的SDS-PAGE电泳图见图1。
实施例5 突变体Cblac-Mut8与Cblac(WT)酶活测定与对比
以2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline)-6-sulfonate (ABTS, ε420 = 38,000 M-1 cm-1) 为底物,在20mM 醋酸-醋酸钠反应缓冲液体系中进行突变体Cblac-Mut8的酶活及酶性质测定。60℃孵育30min后,Cblac(WT)与突变体Cblac-Mut8两种粗酶活性对比见图11。可以看出60℃孵育30min,WT酶活显著降低,而突变体Cblac-Mut8活性基本无损失。
两种酶的最适温度、pH值和稳定性测定见图2~图6。从图2可以看出,两种酶均在60℃时酶活最高,但是其他温度条件下,突变体Cblac-Mut8的酶活更高。从图3可以看出,两种酶的最适pH值均为4.0。从图4和图5可以看出,与野生型WT相比,突变体Cblac-Mut8的pH稳定性更高,且对于温度的耐受力更强。
分别测定50℃和60℃条件下突变体Cblac-Mut8酶动力学:用终浓度酶10 U/L,在1mM CuSO4、不同浓度 ABTS条件下反应20min,测定酶促反应速率,用Graphpad prism 8拟合酶动力学曲线。上述酶促动力学曲线与50℃时Cblac漆酶(WT)动力学曲线为对照(图6)。可以看出,50℃时Cblac漆酶的Km =2.31,kcat=5.2 min-1;同为50 oC 时,突变体Cblac-Mut8的K m =1.46 mM,k cat = 31.2 min-1。当60 oC时Cblac-Mut8的K m =1.56 mM,k cat = 204.1min-1。经计算可得50℃条件下突变体Cblac-Mut8的催化活性(kcat/ Km)较WT提高了9.46倍。
实施例6 突变体Cblac-Mut8对孔雀石绿的降解效果
配制孔雀石绿母液500 mg/L;将母液加入20 mM 醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲体系,使缓冲体系中孔雀石绿浓度为分别为50 mg/L和100 mg/L;调节pH值4.0;加入Cblac-Mut8漆酶,添加量为40 U/l,于60℃处理4h,考察Cblac-Mut8对孔雀石绿染料的降解效果;Cblac-Mut8对孔雀石绿的脱色效果见图12。
从图中可以看出,经Cblac-Mut8在pH4.0、60 ℃处理后,618 nm处最大吸收峰明显下降,证明孔雀石绿被降解。不同处理时间的缓冲液中孔雀石绿的降解率对比见图13。可以看出,当孔雀石绿浓度为100mg/L时,Cblac-Mut8处理4 h即可对孔雀石绿的降解率达98%以上。
实施例7 突变体Cblac-Mut8降解孔雀石绿的处理液对微生物生长的影响
利用突变体Cblac-Mut8降解孔雀石绿后的处理液进行生物培养,考察处理液的无害化效果。
按照1:1将处理液加入液体LB培养基中,分别接种枯草芽孢杆菌,测定一定时间内菌体生长曲线(图14);以不添加处理液的培养为空白组,以添加100 mg/L孔雀石绿的培养为对照组;
可以看出,添加Cblac-Mut8的处理液培养枯草芽孢杆菌,菌体生长曲线与空白组相似;而加入100mg/L 孔雀石绿的对照组菌体生长受到严重抑制。说明经Cblac-Mut8降解孔雀石绿后,并不产生抑制细菌生长的物质,证明该突变体对有机染料具有优异的脱毒作用,能够实现对孔雀石绿的生物无害化处理。
结论与分析
为了进一步揭示本发明所得突变体Cblac-Mut8对孔雀石绿的降解效果,将本申请的脱色效果与现有已知漆酶的脱色效果进行比对。已知漆酶的数据参照下列文献,具体对比结果见表2;
表2突变体Cblac-Mut8与现有已知漆酶对孔雀石绿染料降解效果对比
Figure 568840DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
从上表可以看出,所得突变体Cblac-Mut8对孔雀石绿的降解能力强于大多数已报到漆酶。而且,该酶的最适温度为60℃,对热稳定性高:与Cblac漆酶(WT)相比,60℃时酶活半衰期提高至26.6h,是一种具有很高工业应用前景的漆酶。
参考文献:
1.Characterization of a Highly Thermostable and Organic Solvent-Tolerant Copper-Containing Polyphenol Oxidase with Dye-Decolorizing Abilityfrom Kurthia huakuii LAM0618 T
2. Functional expression enhancement of Bacillus pumilus CotA-laccasemutant WLF through site-directed mutagenesis, Enzyme and microbial technology109 (2018) 11-19.
3.High-level expression of a bacterial laccase, CueO from Escherichiacoli K12 in Pichia pastoris GS115 and its application on the decolorizationof synthetic dyes, Enzyme and microbial technology 103 (2017) 34-41
4.Cloning and functional analysis of a new laccase gene from Trametessp. 48424 which had the high yield of laccase and strong ability fordecolorizing different dyes, Bioresour Technol 102(3) (2011) 3126-37.
5.Malachite green decolourization and detoxification by the laccasefrom a newly isolated strain of Trametes sp, 63(5) (2009) 600-606.
6.Biodegradation, Enhanced biodegradation and detoxification ofmalachite green by Trichoderma asperellum laccase: Degradation pathway andproduct analysis. (2017) 258-268.
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Claims (8)

1.一种热稳定性高的突变体Cblac-Mut8漆酶,其特征在于:所述氨基酸序列如SEQNO.3所示。
2.编码权利要求1所述突变体Cblac-Mut8漆酶的基因序列,其特征在于:所述基因序列如SEQ NO.4所示。
3.含有权利要求2所述基因序列的重组表达载体或重组菌。
4.一种获得权利要求1所述突变体Cblac-Mut8漆酶的方法,其特征在于,具体包括以下步骤:
1)蛋白序列预测:将Cblac漆酶的氨基酸序列利用SWISS-MODEL进行结构模拟,将建模结果提交至PROSS软件进行突变位点预测,得到如SEQ NO.3的突变体蛋白序列;
2)重组载体构建:根据编码原则合成该蛋白的基因序列,将该基因序列与表达载体进行重组,获得重组载体;
3)蛋白表达与纯化:将重组载体在细菌感受态细胞中过量表达后收集、破碎,40~60℃孵育10~60 min,离心收集沉淀,用亲和层析柱纯化即得突变体Cblac-Mut8漆酶。
5.如权利要求4所述获得突变体Cblac-Mut8漆酶的方法,其特征在于:Cblac漆酶的氨基酸序列如SEQ NO.2所示。
6.如权利要求5所述获得突变体Cblac-Mut8漆酶的方法,其特征在于:编码Cblac漆酶的基因序列如SEQ NO.1所示。
7.如权利要求4所述获得突变体Cblac-Mut8漆酶的方法,其特征在于:步骤2)中的表达载体为pET-28a质粒;步骤3)的细菌感受态细胞为大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)。
8.权利要求1所述突变体Cblac-Mut8漆酶在降解有机染料中的应用。
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