CN114605376A - 一种检测半胱氨酸和粘度的双功能荧光探针及其制备 - Google Patents
一种检测半胱氨酸和粘度的双功能荧光探针及其制备 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种检测半胱氨酸和粘度的双功能荧光探针及其制备方法,所述的探针化合物结构如式Ⅰ所示。该探针分子以2,7‑二羟基萘作为分子支架,通过在醛基中引入(2‑[1‑(2‑噻吩)亚乙基]丙二腈)构建近红外荧光基团。探针选择丙烯酸酯基团作为识别基团,可以选择性地检测半胱氨酸。由于单键在低粘度下可以自由旋转,探针的荧光强度忽略不计。当探针化合物与半胱氨酸进行反应后,近红外荧光基团被释放,高粘度环境可以抑制单键的旋转,从而使探针发出荧光。优势在于,该探针响应速度快,灵敏度高,发射波长较长,可对半胱氨酸和粘度同时检测。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及小分子荧光探针原位检测活性分子在细胞中的位置和表达水平,更具体地说是一种基于扭曲分子内电荷转移机理的荧光探针同时对半胱氨酸和粘度进行双检测,属于荧光探针技术领域。
背景技术
半胱氨酸(Cys)是人体必需的氨基酸,参与包括代谢和解毒在内的许多生理过程,在维持生命系统的氧化还原稳态方面发挥着重要作用。半胱氨酸在生物系统中的异常表达会阻碍三肽的产生,可能增加许多疾病的风险,例如肝损伤、癌症、皮肤损伤、神经系统疾病和免疫功能障碍等。Cys的重要病理生理学作用激发了人们对其进行检测的极大兴趣。目前,Cys的分析检测方法有很多种,包括质谱法、分光光度法、电化学法、毛细管电泳法、液相色谱法等。然而,这些方法大多数需要复杂的仪器设备,并且它们通常不适合在正常生理条件下对Cys进行实时检测。因此,有必要开发一种高灵敏检测Cys的方法,这对于深入了解Cys的生物学功能具有重要意义。
荧光探针成像技术因其高灵敏度和高选择性、易于操作、实时成像、高成像分辨率和无创性的优点,被公认为是监测复杂生物系统中目标分析物的最有效工具之一。荧光探针广泛用于检测活细胞和动物体内的离子、代谢物、活性分子和生物酶。与传统的单光子成像相比较,近红外荧光探针可以提供更高的信噪比、较少的光漂白、较低的自发荧光和更深的组织穿透能力。目前,有很多荧光探针已被开发用于检测特定的分析物,但是很少有探针能够用于同时检测多种生物分子。其原因在于,在一个系统中组合多个荧光探针可能难以同时响应不同的分析物,探针荧光分布不均匀和较高的光漂白干扰。为了规避这些问题,迫切需要开发一种多功能的荧光探针,可以同时检测多种待测物。
本发明公开了一种检测半胱氨酸和粘度的双功能荧光探针及其制备方法,所述的探针化合物结构如式Ⅰ所示。该探针分子以2,7-二羟基萘作为分子支架,通过在醛基中引入(2-[1-(2-噻吩)亚乙基]丙二腈)构建近红外荧光基团。探针选择丙烯酸酯基团作为识别基团,可以选择性地检测半胱氨酸。由于单键在低粘度下可以自由旋转,探针的荧光强度忽略不计。当探针化合物与半胱氨酸进行反应后,近红外荧光基团被释放,高粘度环境可以抑制单键的旋转,从而使探针发出荧光。优势在于,该探针响应速度快,灵敏度高,发射波长较长,可对半胱氨酸和粘度同时检测。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题:一是提供一种检测半胱氨酸和粘度的双功能荧光探针及其制备方法,所述探针化合物具有对细胞和组织内半胱氨酸和粘度进行原位成像的优点。二是提供一种荧光诊断试剂对过表达半胱氨酸的肿瘤细胞和正常细胞进行有效,准确的区分。三是提供一种灵敏度高、选择性好的荧光探针,对肿瘤细胞中高粘度环境进行准确成像,可以改善探针组织穿透深度浅、背景荧光高的缺陷。
为了解决上述技术问题,采取的技术方案如下:
本发明提供一种检测半胱氨酸和粘度的双功能荧光探针,具有如下分子结构式:
化合物VO-Cys
本发明还提供一种检测半胱氨酸和粘度的双功能荧光探针的制备方法,步骤包括:
(a)将三氯氧磷(17 eq)缓慢溶解在无水DMF中,并在冰水浴中,将2,7-二羟基萘(1eq)添加到反应混合物中,将混合物在60℃下搅拌5-7小时,冷却至室温后,将反应混合物倒入冰水中,将产生的沉淀物过滤,得到化合物1;
(b)将化合物1(1 eq)和化合物(2-[1-(2-噻吩)亚乙基]丙二腈) (1.1 eq)溶于无水乙醇中,在反应混合物中加入哌啶和乙酸,并在85℃搅拌3-6小时,冷却至室温后,减压蒸发除溶剂,柱纯化(二氯甲烷/乙醇)得到化合物2;
(c)将化合物2(1 eq)和三乙胺溶解在无水二氯甲烷中,然后逐滴加入丙烯酰氯(9eq),并在室温下搅拌10-14小时,反应完成后,溶液用水洗涤,然后用二氯甲烷萃取,减压蒸发除溶剂,柱纯化(二氯甲烷/乙醇)得到化合物VO-Cys。
本发明的优点:
本发明的荧光探针分子,具有同时检测半胱氨酸和粘度的性质,可以有效降低背景荧光对检测信号的干扰,提高活体成像中的组织穿透深度。
本发明的荧光探针分子,对半胱氨酸和粘度的响应速度非常快,在15分钟内即可完全响应,可以应用于快速检测复杂样品中目标物的含量。
本发明的荧光探针分子,具有良好的灵敏度和选择性,荧光信号仅在半胱氨酸和粘度变化的条件下发生,其它常见的无机盐、氨基酸、生物酶等均无法使探针溶液产生荧光光谱的变化。
因此,本发明为非侵入性监控活体内半胱氨酸活性的变化提供了一种可靠的手段。在生物分析检测领域具有广阔的应用前景。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步的详细说明。
实施例1
一种检测半胱氨酸和粘度的双功能荧光探针的制备方法,步骤包括:
1)化合物1的合成:
将三氯氧磷(29 mL,306 mmol)缓慢溶解在无水DMF(15 mL)中,并在冰水浴中,将2,7-二羟基萘(2.9 g,18 mmol)添加到反应混合物中,将混合物在60℃下搅拌7小时,冷却至室温后,将反应混合物倒入冰水中,将产生的沉淀物过滤,得到化合物1,产率80%。
2)化合物2的合成:
将化合物1(0.38 g,2 mmol)和化合物(2-[1-(2-噻吩)亚乙基]丙二腈) (0.38 g,2.2 mmol)溶于无水乙醇(10 mL)中,在反应混合物中加入哌啶(0.5 mL)和乙酸(0.5 mL),并在85℃搅拌3小时,冷却至室温后,减压蒸发除溶剂,柱纯化(二氯甲烷/乙醇=60/1)得到化合物2,产率65%。
3)化合物VO-Cys的合成:
将化合物2(0.095 g,0.28 mmol)和三乙胺溶解在无水二氯甲烷(10 mL)中,然后逐滴加入丙烯酰氯(0.23 g,2.5 mmol),并在室温下搅拌12小时,反应完成后,溶液用水洗涤,然后用二氯甲烷萃取,减压蒸发除溶剂,柱纯化(二氯甲烷/乙醇=20/1)得到化合物VO-Cys,产率60%。
实施例2
探针VO-Cys与半胱氨酸反应后吸收光谱和荧光光谱的测量
所有水溶液都使用超纯水作为溶剂。配制浓度为1.0 mM的PBS储备液。测定溶液体系经PBS/乙醇(2/1,v/v)稀释至10 μM。测定环境选用光程1 cm标准石英比色皿。所有的光谱实验均在25 °C室温下进行。对于光谱实验,将VO-Cys储备溶液与一定量的分析物在pH=7.4下在石英比色皿中孵育30分钟。同时,制备没有半胱氨酸的对照组,并在相同条件下进行比较。VO-Cys在505 nm附近显示出吸收峰,向探针中添加半胱氨酸后,在450 nm处的吸收峰显著增加。然后评估探针VO-Cys在不同浓度的半胱氨酸处理下的特性,随着半胱氨酸的增加,荧光强度在675 nm处逐渐增加。实验数据表明,探针VO-Cys对半胱氨酸具有相当高的灵敏度,并且可以定量检测半胱氨酸浓度。
实施例3
探针VO-Cys在不同粘度环境下吸收光谱和荧光光谱的测量
首先,配制不同比例的混合溶剂,如乙二醇/甘油(v/v) = 1:9;2:8;3:7;4:6…等。在恒温水浴(22±2 °C)中,测定溶剂在Ubbelohde毛细管粘度计中的流出时间,计算样品的粘度。在所测试的溶剂范围内,最大吸收波长介于400-500 nm之间。随着溶剂粘度的增加,最大吸收波长发生一定程度的红移。随后,测试了探针在不同粘度溶剂中的荧光发射光谱。荧光强度随着溶剂粘度的增大而增强。
实施例4
探针VO-Cys对半胱氨酸的选择性测试
首先,称量一定量的探针VO-Cys溶于DMSO中制备浓度为1.0 mM的探针母液溶液。随后,称取一定量的ZnCl2、MgCl2、CaCl2、Fe2(SO4)3、FeSO4、KI、Na2S2O3、NaHSO3、Na2SO3、NaClO、H2O2、GSH等在超纯水中配置成浓度为1.0 mM的母液。取50 μL探针VO-Cys母液溶于2.0 mL PBS缓冲液(pH 7.4)中,然后取适量的分析物母液分别加入上述含有探针的缓冲液中,充分摇匀后,用荧光光谱仪测试。探针VO-Cys在含有各种阴离子、阳离子、含氮化合物、含硫化合物、含氧化合物以及多种氨基酸的体系中的荧光强度几乎没有变化,这说明探针的荧光信号不会受生物体内小分子的干扰。
实施例5
探针VO-Cys用于细胞内半胱氨酸成像
HepG2细胞在DMEM培养(包含12%胎牛血清和1%双抗)中,于37 ºC、5% CO2的培养箱中培养,待细胞处于对数生长期时,接种于96孔板中继续孵育 24小时贴壁。细胞经PBS洗涤三次后分别用于成像。HepG2细胞在荧光通道中无荧光发射,说明细胞无背景荧光;用探针VO-Cys孵育后,细胞表现出强的荧光发射。同时,NEM预处理清除硫醇后的HepG2细胞继续用探针VO-Cys孵育后,细胞也无荧光发射。因此,探针VO-Cys具有很好的细胞膜通透性且能够与细胞内源的Cys反应并表现出强的荧光发射。
上述仅为本发明的优选具体实施方式,并非是对本发明作其它形式的限制,任何熟悉本专业的技术人员可能利用上述揭示的技术内容加以变更或改型为等同变化的等效实施例。但本发明的设计构思并不局限于此,凡利用此构思对本发明进行非实质性的改动,均应属于侵犯本发明保护范围的行为。
Claims (4)
1.一种检测半胱氨酸和粘度的双功能荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于,所述化合物结构如式Ⅰ所示:
式Ⅰ;
该方法的制备步骤如下:
(a)将三氯氧磷缓慢溶解在无水DMF中,并在冰水浴中,将2,7-二羟基萘添加到反应混合物中,将混合物在60℃下搅拌5-7小时,冷却至室温后,将反应混合物倒入冰水中,将产生的沉淀物过滤,得到化合物1;
(b)将化合物1和化合物(2-[1-(2-噻吩)亚乙基]丙二腈)溶于无水乙醇中,在反应混合物中加入哌啶和乙酸,并在85℃搅拌3-6小时,冷却至室温后,减压蒸发除溶剂,柱纯化得到化合物2;
(c)将化合物2和三乙胺溶解在无水二氯甲烷中,然后逐滴加入丙烯酰氯,并在室温下搅拌10-14小时,反应完成后,溶液用水洗涤,然后用二氯甲烷萃取,减压蒸发除溶剂,柱纯化得到化合物VO-Cys
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种检测半胱氨酸和粘度的双功能荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的步骤(a)中2,7-二羟基萘和三氯氧磷摩尔比范围为1:(15~20);2,7-二羟基萘溶于无水DMF的摩尔浓度范围为1.1~1.3 mol·L-1。
3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种检测半胱氨酸和粘度的双功能荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的步骤(b)中化合物1和化合物(2-[1-(2-噻吩)亚乙基]丙二腈)摩尔比范围为1:(1~1.1);化合物1溶于无水乙醇的摩尔浓度范围为0.2~0.25 mol·L-1;柱纯化中二氯甲烷和乙醇体积比为(80~50):1。
4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种检测半胱氨酸和粘度的双功能荧光探针的制备方法,其特征在于:所述的步骤(c)中化合物2和丙烯酰氯摩尔比范围为1:(9~10);丙烯酰氯溶于无水二氯甲烷溶液摩尔浓度范围为0.2~0.3 mol·L-1;柱纯化中二氯甲烷和乙醇体积比为(20~15):1。
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