CN1145977C - 制造优选为云母带形式的云母制品的方法及所得制品 - Google Patents
制造优选为云母带形式的云母制品的方法及所得制品 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及制备能浸渍的云母制品的方法，优选该制品是使至少一种载体与云母片结合的云母带形式。本发明的特征在于该方法包括：使用加热至制备涂层温度的数个涂布辊、用无溶剂树脂或无溶剂树脂的混合物涂布所述载体；将所述载体与云母片结合；使其经过加压和加热处理。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及优选为云母带形式的云母制品的制备，所述制品包含与云母片结合的被无溶剂树脂涂布的载体。
更具体地说，本发明涉及制备能在其制造过程之后被浸渍的云母带的方法。
本发明还涉及一种新型云母制品。
本发明的技术背景
通过用云母制品、更具体地是云母带缠绕电动机的铜部件来获得所述部件(如杆或线圈)的电绝缘和任选的隔热。
这些云母带是用树脂(例如环氧树脂)浸渍的载体与云母片结合的形式。这种云母片可以是云母纸，任选用少量树脂、如环氧树脂增强该云母纸。
这种带主要有两类。
第一类包含称为“饱和带”或“预浸渍体”的带，这些带是用酚醛清漆型树脂高度浸渍的云母纸和作为载体的玻璃织物制造的带。树脂含量通常在以所述带的总重量计的30％和40％之间。
在制造过程中，使环氧树脂达到阶段B，即环氧树脂已经固化。然后可将该产品缠绕在要绝缘的部件周围，然后进行约160℃-180℃的热处理。
文献JP-07 149 928公开了传统制造的饱和云母带形式的制品。似乎是在制造的第二阶段、即在将所述带缠绕在机器周围之后使用无溶剂树脂，以获得足够的电绝缘性。
文献EP-A-0 735 071公开了一种无溶剂树脂组合物，该组合物任选用于制造饱和型云母带，即该带已被完全浸渍，并因此具有较高的树脂含量。
文献GB-A-2 083 849公开了制备绝缘带的方法，该方法包括在室温下用无溶剂树脂浸渍云母载体，然后粘附在载体上，并加热该组件以降低树脂粘度，从而促进云母纸的深层浸渍。因此再次获得一种已经高度浸渍的“预浸渍体”型的带。
第二类包括所谓的“多孔”带，其树脂含量较低，在以所述带的总重量计的约4-10％之间。这些带能够在制造所述带过程之后进行浸渍，并且在缠绕之后进行“VPI(真空压力浸渍)”处理，这使得有可能在第二阶段用通常不含溶剂的树脂进行浸渍。“VPI”处理包括将被多孔云母带缠绕的铜部件浸入浸渍树脂中，同时抽真空，以除去任何渗入的空气；然后，中止真空，并在数小时内施加一定的压力，以使后浸渍的树脂渗入云母绝缘材料中。整个后浸渍过程的进行和树脂的温度由该树脂的性质、要浸渍的绝缘层厚度和所用云母带的孔隙率来确定。
在缠绕前，获得非常柔软的、非粘性干带，这些干带的特征在于其真正优异的吸收能力。因此，它们用于高压机械(最高达到1000MVA)。
用于制备被认为能浸渍的第二类带的“喷涂”技术是已知的，它包括在溶剂介质中用环氧树脂铺展并浸渍云母纸，然后把它与载体结合。
为了制备能浸渍的带，实践中已知使用这样的技术，即把固体树脂撒在云母片上或直接撒在载体上，然后在加压加热条件下将两部分粘附在一起。特别地，出版物EP-A-0 194 974公开了一种制备能浸渍的且含有掺入的促进剂的薄云母带的方法，其特征在于将不含硬化剂的粉末状清漆撒在薄云母片上，然后，把所述薄云母片上撒有清漆的一侧在加压或加热的条件下与作为载体的玻璃织物或毡粘合，或者用液体促进剂或在低沸点溶剂中的液体或固体促进剂溶液浸渍玻璃织物，并在加压加热的条件下将所得的载体与云母片上撒有清漆的一侧粘合，然后用液体促进剂或在低沸点溶剂中的液体或固体促进剂溶液浸渍所得叠层。另一种可能性在于用液体促进剂或在低沸点溶剂中的液体或固体促进剂溶液浸渍云母片，然后将不含硬化剂的粉末状清漆撒在浸渍后的云母片上，然后用液体促进剂或在低沸点溶剂中的液体或固体促进剂溶液浸渍玻璃织物，并在加热加压的条件下使所得的载体与薄云母片上撒有粉末清漆的一侧粘合，或者在加热加压条件下将作为载体的毡与薄云母片上撒有粉末清漆的一侧粘合。然而，已经观察到，通过这种方法，涂清漆的操作要求使用一定量的清漆。特别地，当将所述清漆撒在载体上时，清漆趋向于通过筛网，并出现在所述载体的两面上。
发明目的
本发明的目的是提供制造能浸渍的云母制品的方法，该方法只需使用低含量的树脂。
本发明的目的是提供在制备能浸渍的云母制品(如多孔型云母带)中避免使用溶剂的技术。
本发明的目的还在于可制备这样的带，其具有提高的柔韧性，同时具有足够甚至提高的粘合性。
此外，本发明的目的是在制备缠绕带的特定情况下提供避免在连续圈之间的粘合问题的方法。
本发明的主要特征
本发明首先涉及制备能浸渍的云母制品的方法，优选该制品是通过使载体和云母片结合而获得的云母带形式，该方法的特征在于：
-在涂布操作的工作温度下，借助于涂布辊，用树脂或粘合剂或其它无溶剂树脂的混合物来涂布载体或云母片，
-将所述载体与所述云母片结合，且
-使它们在第二工作温度下经过加压和加热处理。
“涂布操作的工作温度”的表述应该理解为能涂布载体或云母片而使无溶剂树脂的混合物达到的温度。该温度通常在40℃-200℃之间。这意味着所述树脂应该是非固体形式，即不同程度的粘性或液体形式。
调节涂布温度，以便最终获得云母制品，该云母制品的树脂含量是以所述带的总重量计的1-10％、优选4-8％。
“加压和加热处理”的表述是指在40℃-200℃之间的温度和0-20巴压力下进行处理，以将所述载体结合在云母片上。
优选，用于涂布操作的树脂是熔点低于工作温度的树脂。
在用于涂布的树脂的可能实例中，可以提到的是无溶剂环氧树脂、无溶剂有机硅粘合剂或者在涂布操作的工作温度下具有足够粘度的任何其它无溶剂树脂，更特别是属于双酚A二环氧甘油醚(DGEBA)树脂系列的树脂。
所述载体可以是薄膜或织物，甚至是一种毡。所述云母片优选是根据常用造纸技术制造的传统云母纸。这种云母纸可以是100％的云母纸或者任选的已通过传统浸渍方法(例如，通过任选在溶剂介质中涂布进行浸渍)预先被浸渍树脂(例如环氧树脂)增强的云母纸。
优选所述云母片由经煅烧或未煅烧的白云母、由金云母、由蛭石或由合成云母或由其组合制成。
可以设想，将促进剂与用于涂布的树脂一起引入，或者在将云母片制成所谓的浸渍树脂中的前一个步骤中引入促进剂，或者将促进剂另外直接引入到载体上或云母片本身上。
在第一个实施方案中，将促进剂与树脂直接混合。
一般来说，可以设想使用氮化物形式的促进剂，例如胺，或有机金属化合物形式的促进剂，例如环烷酸锌，或具有期望的催化作用的任何其它化合物。
本发明的第二个目的涉及能浸渍的云母制品，优选该制品是所谓的多孔云母带形式，该制品一方面含有通过用树脂的无溶剂涂料浸渍的载体和云母片，或者含有通过用树脂的无溶剂涂料浸渍的云母片和载体本身，这两部分互相结合，其中云母制品的树脂含量是以所述带的总重量计的1-10％，优选4-8％。
具体地，本发明提供能够浸渍的云母制品，该制品包含与云母片结合的被无溶剂树脂涂布的载体，该制品的特征在于所述树脂含量以所述制品的总重量计为1-10％，其中所述载体是一种织物，在该织物上的树脂沉积物基本上出现在与经纱交点处的纬纱上。
已经观察到，当所述载体是织物时，树脂将基本上沉积在经纱和纬纱的交点上。更具体地说，将只能在纬纱叠在经纱之上的交点处发现树脂的痕迹。这使得有可能以特别有利的方式非常精确地控制成品带上的树脂含量，该树脂含量远低于通过现有技术(喷涂或使用固体粉末)的方法所得产品的树脂含量。这还使得有可能保持或甚至提高柔韧性，并限制当缠绕所述带时在各国之间发生粘合的危险。
所述织物优选是由织造玻璃纤维制成的织物或丝织品，其单位面积的重量为20-50克/米2。所述云母片、优选云母纸的单位面积重量为100克/米2-250克/米2。
附图简述
图1表示设计用于进行根据本发明的涂布方法的装置示意图。
图2表示根据本发明制备云母带的方法的第二个步骤的示意图，包括将载体粘附到云母纸上。
图3表示通过所述技术浸渍的玻璃织物的示意描述。
在所有附图中，附图标记说明如下：1-6代表辊、7代表树脂、8代表载体如玻璃织物、9代表云母纸、10代表云母带、11代表经涂布的载体、12代表经纱、13代表纬纱。
本发明的几个优选实施方案的描述
图1表示设计用于进行根据本发明的方法的装置示意图。该装置首先包括基本上由数个连续辊、优选4个辊(1、2、3和4)组成的涂布台，这允许用很少量的树脂涂布载体。
该涂布单元之后是层压单元，该单元使两组分、即所述云母片与载体接触，并对所述组件加压和加热，如图2所示。使用两个辊(5和6)来进行这种加压作用。优选只加热这两个辊之一。
以下实施例更具体地描述根据本发明方法的两个实施方案。
实施例
实施例1
通过用无溶剂树脂热涂布玻璃织物载体、并将经涂布的载体层合在云母纸上来制备云母带。在制备中使用下列材料：
1)基于双酚A和表氯醇的未改性的环氧树脂。这是在室温下为固体的无溶剂树脂。该树脂的环氧当量重量在350-400克/当量之间，在90℃的粘度约4000毫帕·秒。
2)单位面积重量为24克/米2的玻璃织物，由26条经纱/厘米和15条纬纱/厘米组成，在经纱和纬纱上的纱支数为5.5特克斯。
3)单位面积重量为160克/米2的白云母型云母纸，预先用含有金属盐型促进剂的4克/米2的环氧树脂增强该云母纸。传统上通过在溶剂介质中浸渍来将环氧树脂和促进剂加入云母纸中。
该方法如下进行，以制备云母带：
A)在烘箱内将环氧树脂预热至90℃。当该树脂达到该温度并且充分流动时，在图1所述的涂布台的辊1和辊2之间倒入足量的树脂。涂布台的辊1和辊3已预热至90℃，并且在整个涂布操作过程中保持该温度。调节涂布台的各辊之间的转速和间隙，以将树脂薄层从辊2传送到辊3，并从辊3传送到辊4。
B)将玻璃织物辊平，并使其与涂布台的辊4进行切向接触，如图1所示。该玻璃织物带走辊4上的一些树脂。
C)单独地将云母纸辊平，并在图2所示的层压单元内使云母纸与经涂布的玻璃织物接触。辊5已被预热至80℃。通过辊5上的辊6施加20巴的压力，以将云母纸粘附到载体上，从而获得云母带。
D)卷起所得的云母带。
用实施例中所用的设置，在玻璃织物上获得约4-5克/米2环氧树脂的沉积物，树脂含量是以所述带的总重量计的约2％。如果考虑在所述云母纸中预先使用的树脂，将获得树脂含量(以所述带的总重量计)为3.5-4％之间的成品带。
当用双目镜或显微镜检查上述的经涂布的玻璃织物试样时，发现树脂只存在于经纱和纬纱之间的交点上，更具体地是只存在于纬纱叠在经纱之上的交点上，即在图3所示的2个交点之一上。还发现树脂未被传递到玻璃织物的另一面上。
所制备的云母带(带A)的特性总结于表I中，并与通过在溶剂介质中的传统喷涂技术制造的带(带B)比较。发现根据上述方法制造的带A的树脂含量低于通过在溶剂介质中的传统喷涂技术制造的带B通常要求的含量。此外，与带B相比，带A更柔软，并具有更大的孔隙率和更好的拉伸强度。在树脂只位于玻璃织物与云母纸之间的界面上的条件下，带A在玻璃织物的外表面上也完全是干燥的；该特性限制了在被卷起的带的各圈之间发生粘合的危险。
实施例2
根据与实施例1中所述相同的技术，通过热涂布来制备云母带。在制备中使用下列材料：
1)基于双酚A和表氯醇的未改性的环氧树脂。这是在室温下具有高粘度的无溶剂液体树脂。该树脂的环氧当量重量在235-265克/当量之间，在90℃的粘度约为300毫帕·秒。
2)23微米厚的聚酯薄膜。
3)单位面积重量为180克/米2的白云母型云母纸，预先通过在溶剂介质中浸渍来用5克/米2的环氧树脂增强该云母纸。
为了制备所述云母带，以与实施例1相同的方法进行该过程，但用聚酯薄膜代替玻璃织物。
用本实施例中所用的设置，在聚酯薄膜上获得约4克/米2的环氧树脂的沉积物。所制备的云母带极其柔软，并且在聚酯薄膜和云母纸之间的粘合非常好。
表I
| 特性 | 单位 | 带A | 带B |
| 重量 | 克/米2 | 189.5 | 198 |
| 用烧失量表示的粘合剂含量 | 克/米2 | 9.7 | 14.8 |
| 厚度 | 毫米 | 0.13 | 0.13 |
| CEI柔韧性 | 牛顿/米 | 24 | 30 |
| 云母一侧的孔隙率 | 秒 | 299 | 350 |
| 载体一侧的孔隙率 | 秒 | 208 | 300 |
| 拉伸强度 | 千克/厘米 | 9.8 | 8.5 |
| 在70℃下刺穿 | 秒 | 30 | 40 |
Claims (17)
1.制备能浸渍的云母制品的方法，该制品是通过使至少一种载体与云母片结合而获得的云母带形式，其树脂含量以所述带的总重量计为1-10％，该方法的特征在于：
-在用于涂布操作的40℃-200℃的工作温度下，借助于数个涂布辊，用无溶剂树脂或无溶剂树脂的混合物涂布所述载体或云母片，其中用于涂布操作的树脂是熔点低于工作温度的树脂，
-将所述载体与所述云母片结合，并且
-使它们经过加压和加热处理。
2.根据权利要求1的方法，其特征在于准确地调节涂布温度，以便最终获得云母制品，该云母制品的树脂含量以所述带的总重量计为4-8％。
3.根据权利要求1或2的方法，其特征在于在40-200℃的温度和0-20巴的压力下进行所述加压和加热处理。
4.根据权利要求1或2的方法，其特征在于在涂布步骤之前，在溶剂介质中将少量浸渍树脂引入云母片中。
5.根据权利要求1或2的方法，其特征在于所述树脂是无溶剂的有机硅树脂或环氧型树脂。
6.根据权利要求5的方法，其中所述树脂是属于双酚A二环氧甘油醚树脂系列的树脂。
7.根据权利要求1或2的方法，其特征在于将促进剂引入涂布树脂中。
8.根据权利要求1或2的方法，其特征在于将促进剂引入云母片中。
9.根据权利要求1或2的方法，其特征在于将促进剂引入载体中。
10.根据权利要求7的方法，其特征在于所述促进剂是氮化合物或有机金属化合物。
11.根据权利要求8的方法，其特征在于所述促进剂是氮化合物或有机金属化合物。
12.根据权利要求9的方法，其特征在于所述促进剂是氮化合物或有机金属化合物。
13.根据权利要求1或2的方法，其特征在于所述载体可以是薄膜、织物或毡。
14.根据权利要求1或2的方法，其特征在于所述云母片是云母纸。
15.根据权利要求1或2的方法，其特征在于所述云母片由经煅烧或未煅烧的白云母、由金云母、由蛭石或由合成云母或由其组合制成。
16.能够浸渍的云母制品，该制品包含与云母片结合的被无溶剂树脂涂布的载体，该制品的特征在于所述树脂含量以所述制品的总重量计为1-10％，其中所述载体是一种织物，在该织物上的树脂沉积物基本上出现在与经纱交点处的纬纱上。
17.根据权利要求16的云母制品，其特征在于所述制品是云母带的形式。
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|---|---|---|---|
| EP98870136A EP0966001A1 (fr) | 1998-06-17 | 1998-06-17 | Procédé de réalisation d'un produit micacé se présentant de préférence sous la forme d'un ruban de mica et produit obtenu |
| EP98870136.3 | 1998-06-17 |
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| CN1305632A CN1305632A (zh) | 2001-07-25 |
| CN1145977C true CN1145977C (zh) | 2004-04-14 |
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| JP (1) | JP2002518220A (zh) |
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| US7524557B2 (en) | 2002-07-04 | 2009-04-28 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Highly heat conductive insulating member, method of manufacturing the same and electromagnetic device |
| CN1324615C (zh) * | 2002-07-04 | 2007-07-04 | 株式会社东芝 | 高导热性绝缘部件及其制造方法、电磁线圈 |
| JP4996086B2 (ja) * | 2005-09-29 | 2012-08-08 | 株式会社東芝 | マイカテープおよびこのマイカテープを用いた回転電機コイル |
| US20080026180A1 (en) * | 2006-07-26 | 2008-01-31 | Bush Robert L | Impregnated inorganic paper and method for manufacturing the impregnated inorganic paper |
| AU2011329711B2 (en) | 2010-11-19 | 2016-02-11 | Lamart Corporation | Fire barrier layer and fire barrier film laminate |
| US9676168B2 (en) | 2010-11-19 | 2017-06-13 | Lamart Corporation | Fire barrier layer and fire barrier film laminate |
| US8568855B2 (en) * | 2011-06-08 | 2013-10-29 | Siemens Energy, Inc. | Insulation materials having apertures formed therein |
| DE102011079489A1 (de) * | 2011-07-20 | 2013-01-24 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Bandes für ein elektrisches Isolationssystem |
| DE102011083228A1 (de) * | 2011-09-22 | 2013-03-28 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Isoliersysteme mit verbesserter Teilentladungsbeständigkeit, Verfahren zur Herstellung dazu |
| CN103700456B (zh) * | 2014-01-02 | 2016-06-29 | 株洲时代电气绝缘有限责任公司 | 一种不使用有机溶剂的云母带生产方法 |
| CN104532685A (zh) * | 2014-11-24 | 2015-04-22 | 泉州泉港华博化工科技有限公司 | 一种高绝缘云母纸的制备方法 |
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| DE1665865B2 (de) * | 1967-02-07 | 1971-11-25 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin u. 8000 München | Hochspannungsfestes isoliermaterial |
| FR1199942A (fr) * | 1970-10-21 | 1959-12-17 | Escher Wyss Soc | Dispositif pour rendre étanche une machine où circule un fluide moteur susceptiblede contamination radioactive |
| GB2083849B (en) * | 1980-09-12 | 1984-05-02 | Ass Elect Ind | The manufacture of electrical insulating tapes and sheets |
| US4702948A (en) * | 1983-09-12 | 1987-10-27 | Sieber Gadient Paul | Self-adhesive tape with two-sided contact adhesive coating and method of producing the same |
| US4606785A (en) * | 1984-11-15 | 1986-08-19 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Simplified method of making high strength resin bonded mica tape |
| FR2591793B1 (fr) * | 1985-12-13 | 1988-08-12 | Alsthom | Ruban micace isolant electrique et anti-feu adhesif, notamment pour cable electrique ou a fibres optiques |
| US4661397A (en) * | 1986-03-07 | 1987-04-28 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Polybutadiene bonded extremely flexible porous mica tape |
| US5256288A (en) * | 1992-08-28 | 1993-10-26 | Cer-Wat, Inc. | Filtration medium including substrate-supported porous membrane and method for the manufacture thereof |
| DE4244298C2 (de) * | 1992-12-28 | 2003-02-27 | Alstom | Isolierband und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
| JP3046905B2 (ja) * | 1993-11-26 | 2000-05-29 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 電気絶縁用プリプレグ |
| US5618891A (en) * | 1995-03-29 | 1997-04-08 | General Electric Co. | Solventless resin composition having minimal reactivity at room temperature |
| US5912067A (en) * | 1997-03-18 | 1999-06-15 | Astral International S.A. | Fabric particularly for mattresses and covers |
| US5787602A (en) * | 1997-03-31 | 1998-08-04 | Wangner Systems Corporation | Dryer fabric with adhesive tacky surface for web |
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1998
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1999
- 1999-06-17 JP JP2000555260A patent/JP2002518220A/ja active Pending
- 1999-06-17 DE DE69905362T patent/DE69905362T2/de not_active Revoked
- 1999-06-17 BR BR9911853-0A patent/BR9911853A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-06-17 CN CNB998074292A patent/CN1145977C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-06-17 AT AT99928915T patent/ATE232644T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-06-17 WO PCT/BE1999/000077 patent/WO1999066515A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-06-17 AU AU45933/99A patent/AU4593399A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-06-17 US US09/719,917 patent/US6699804B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-06-17 EP EP99928915A patent/EP1086470B1/fr not_active Revoked
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1086470A1 (fr) | 2001-03-28 |
| CN1305632A (zh) | 2001-07-25 |
| JP2002518220A (ja) | 2002-06-25 |
| BR9911853A (pt) | 2001-03-20 |
| US6699804B1 (en) | 2004-03-02 |
| WO1999066515A1 (fr) | 1999-12-23 |
| DE69905362T2 (de) | 2003-12-11 |
| ATE232644T1 (de) | 2003-02-15 |
| DE69905362D1 (de) | 2003-03-20 |
| EP1086470B1 (fr) | 2003-02-12 |
| EP0966001A1 (fr) | 1999-12-22 |
| AU4593399A (en) | 2000-01-05 |
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