CN1145955C - 信息字变换方法、记录载体制造法、编码和记录设备 - Google Patents

信息字变换方法、记录载体制造法、编码和记录设备 Download PDF

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CN1145955C
CN1145955C CNB961912448A CN96191244A CN1145955C CN 1145955 C CN1145955 C CN 1145955C CN B961912448 A CNB961912448 A CN B961912448A CN 96191244 A CN96191244 A CN 96191244A CN 1145955 C CN1145955 C CN 1145955C
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K·A·绍汉默伊明克
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    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
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    • H03M5/14—Code representation, e.g. transition, for a given bit cell depending on the information in one or more adjacent bit cells, e.g. delay modulation code, double density code
    • H03M5/145—Conversion to or from block codes or representations thereof
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B20/00—Signal processing not specific to the method of recording or reproducing; Circuits therefor
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    • G11B20/1403—Digital recording or reproducing using self-clocking codes characterised by the use of two levels
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    • G11B20/1426—Code representation depending on subsequent bits, e.g. delay modulation, double density code, Miller code conversion to or from block codes or representations thereof
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    • H03M5/00—Conversion of the form of the representation of individual digits
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    • H03M5/04—Conversion to or from representation by pulses the pulses having two levels
    • H03M5/14—Code representation, e.g. transition, for a given bit cell depending on the information in one or more adjacent bit cells, e.g. delay modulation code, double density code
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
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    • G11B20/14—Digital recording or reproducing using self-clocking codes
    • G11B20/1403—Digital recording or reproducing using self-clocking codes characterised by the use of two levels
    • G11B20/1423—Code representation depending on subsequent bits, e.g. delay modulation, double density code, Miller code
    • G11B20/1426—Code representation depending on subsequent bits, e.g. delay modulation, double density code, Miller code conversion to or from block codes or representations thereof
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Abstract

描述了把m位信息字序列变换为已调信号的方法。对于上述序列中的每一信息字，产生一n位码字。把产生的码字变换为已调信号。将码字分布于至少一个第一类型分组(G11，G12)和至少一个第二类型分组(G2)上。对于属于第一类型分组(G11，G12)的每一个码字的产生来说，上述相关分组会建立起第一种编码状态(S1，S4)。当产生属于第二类型分组(G2)的每一个码字时，就建立了由属于该产生的码字的信息字确定的第二种编码状态(S2，S3)。当把码字之一分配给接收的信息字时，从依赖于编码状态(S1，S2，S3，S4)的码字集合(V1，V2，V3，V4)中选择该码字。属于第二种编码状态(S1，S2)的码字集合(V2，V3)是断开的。当处于第一种编码状态(S1和S4)时，在不破坏dk约束情况下通过分配来自第一种编码状态的另一种状态集合的码字就可改善已调信号的直流和低频参数。选择第一种编码状态的集合之一，该集合内的码字给出最好的瞬时行程DC值。该方法可应用于8至15、8至16(类似EFM+)或其它具有编码状态机制的代码。还公开了记录载体、信号、编码设备以及记录设备。

Description

信息字变换方法、记录载体制造法、 编码和记录设备
技术领域
本发明涉及把m位信息字的序列变换为已调信号的方法，m为整数，在该方法中，对于每一接收的信息字均产生一n位码字，n为大于m的整数，把产生的码字变换为已调信号，并且按照变换规则把信息字序列变换为码字序列，因此，相应的已调信号可满足预定的标准，而且，码字分布于至少一个第一类型分组和至少一个第二类型分组上，在属于第一类型分组的每一码字的产生建立起由该相关分组确定的第一种编码状态时，属于第二类型分组的每一码字的产生就会建立起由该相关分组和由与产生的码字相关的信息字确定的第二种编码状态，并且当把码字之一分配给接收到的信息字时，就从依赖于产生前一码字时所建立的编码状态的码字集合中选择该码字，属于第二种编码状态的码字集合不包含任何共同的码字，第二类型分组包括至少一个与多个信息字相关的码字，在所说的多个信息字中，各相应信息字可通过检测其后续码字就是其中一个成员的相应集合来加以区分。
本发明还涉及制造其上记录有按所述方法获得的信号的记录载体的方法。
本发明还涉及执行如权利要求所述的方法的编码设备，该设备包括将m位信息字变换为n位码字的m至n位变换器和将n位码字变换为已调信号的装置。
本发明还涉及使用这种编码设备的记录设备。
本发明还涉及信号。
本发明还涉及其上记录有所述信号的记录载体。
背景技术
上述方法、设备、记录载体以及这种信号都公知于WO95/22802(相应于EP-A-94200387.2，PHN14746)。该文献涉及将m位信息字序列变换为已调信号的方法，该方法被称为EFM+。对于来自所述序列中的每一信息字均产生一n位码字。把产生的码字变换为已调信号。使码字分布于至少一个第一类型分组和至少一个第二类型分组上。对于属于第一类型分组的每一码字的产生而言，该相关组建立第一种编码状态。当产生属于第二类型分组的码字时，就建立第二种编码状态。把从码字集合中选出的、依赖于建立的编码状态的码字分配给接收的信号字。属于第二种编码状态的码字的集合是断开的(disjunct)。第二种可能的编码集合的被选之一由与产生的码字相关的信息字来确定。这就使几个信息字能够与同一码字相关，建立的编码状态各不相同。在这种编码方法中，增大了可被序列中的码字使用的唯一的位组合的数目，从而提高了编码效率。可以按如下方式把如此获得的已调信号再变换为信息字：首先把已调信号变换为码字序列，然后根据待变换的码字以及还根据在相对于该码字的预定位置处的位串的各个位的逻辑值把信息字分配给该序列中的每一个码字，该逻辑值是先前建立的编码状态的指示。此外，还公开了记录设备和读出设备。
已调信号的低频分量可能会与其它系统参数、例如记录系统中的伺服信号相干扰。虽然上述变换方法会产生具有有限的低频成分的已调信号，但仍需要减少低频分量。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是提供适合于减少已调信号的低频成分的变换装置。
1.根据本发明的第一个方面，提供把m位信息字的序列变换为已调信号的方法，m为整数，在该方法中，对于每一接收的信息字均产生一n位码字，n为大于m的整数，把产生的码字变换为已调信号，并且，按照变换规则把信息字序列变换为码字序列，以便使相应的已调信号满足预定的标准，而且，码字分布于至少一个第一类型分组和至少一个第二类型分组上，在属于第一类型分组的每一码字的产生建立起由该相关分组确定的第一种编码状态时，属于第二类型分组的每一码字的产生就会建立起由该相关分组和由与产生的码字相关的信息字确定的第二种编码状态，并且当把码字之一分配给接收到的信息字时，就从依赖于产生前一码字时建立的编码状态的码字集合中选择该码字，属于第二种编码状态的码字集合不包含任何共同的码字，第二类型分组包括至少一个与多个信息字相关的码字，在所说的信息字中，相应信息字可通过检测所述后续码字就是其中一个成员的相应集合来加以区分，上述方法的特征在于：在建立了第一种编码状态之后，根据已调信号的低频成分，在不违反预定标准的情况下，从属于建立的编码状态的集合中或者从属于不同于第一种编码状态的编码状态的集合中选择码字。
根据本发明的另一个方面，提供一种通过在记录载体上写入标记来制造记录载体的方法，该标记表示通过把m位信息字的序列变换为已调信号而产生的已调信号的信息模式，m为整数，在该方法中，对于每一接收的信息字均产生一n位码字，n为大于m的整数，把产生的码字变换为已调信号，按照变换规则把信息字序列变换为码字序列，因此使相应的已调信号满足预定的标准，码字分布于至少一个第一类型分组和至少一个第二类型分组上，当属于第一类型分组的每一码字的产生建立起由该相关分组确定的第一种编码状态时，属于第二类型分组的每一码字的产生就建立起由该相关分组和由与产生的码字相关的信息字确定的第二种编码状态，并且在把码字之一分配给接收到的信息字时，就从依赖于产生前一码字时建立的编码状态的码字集合中选择该码字，属于第二种编码状态的码字集合不包含任何共同的码字，第二类型分组包括至少一个与多个信息字相关的码字，在所说的信息字中，相应信息字可通过检测其后续码字是其中的一个成员的相应集合来加以区分，上述方法的特征在于：在建立了第一种编码状态之后，根据已调信号的低频成分，在不违反预定标准的情况下，从属于建立的编码状态的集合中或者从属于不同于第一种编码状态的编码状态的集合中选择码字。
根据第三方面，提供一种编码设备，它包括把m位信息字变换为n位码字的m至n位变换器、把n位码字变换为已调信号的装置以及在上述变换器产生码字时就建立编码状态的状态建立装置，该状态建立装置设置成为每一产生的属于第一类型分组的码字建立由该相关分组确定的第一种编码状态，为每一产生的属于第二类型分组(G2)的码字建立由该相关分组和由与产生的码字相关的信息字确定的第二种编码状态，所述m至n位变换器包括从依赖于编码状态的码字集合中选择相应于信息字的码字的装置，属于第二种编码状态的码字集合不包含任何共同的码字，第二类型分组的至少一个码字与多个信息字相关，在所说的信息字中，相应信息字可通过检测后续码字是其中的成员的相应集合来加以区分，该编码设备的特征在于：它包括这样的装置，该装置在建立了第一种编码状态之后，根据已调信号的低频成分，在不违反预定标准的情况下，从属于建立的编码状态的集合中或者从属于不同于第一种编码状态的编码状态的集合中选择码字。
根据第四方面，提供一种用于记录信息的设备，该设备包括如本发明第三方面所述的把表示信息的信息字序列变换为已调信号的编码设备，和用于把相应于该已调信号的信息模式记录在记录载体上的装置。
附图说明
参看附图1至9进一步说明本发明，附图中：
图1表示信息字序列、相应的码字序列以及已调信号；
图2表示记录载体；
图3表示图2记录载体被显著放大了的部分；
图4表示记录设备；
图5表示译码和重放设备；
图6表示编码设备；
图7和8表示其中确定信息字和码字之间关系的表；
图9表示已调信号的频谱。
具体实施方式
图1表示三个连续的m位信息字，在目前情况下是用标号1来表示的8位信息字。可在K.A.Schouhamer Immink所著的“数字记录器的编码技术”(ISBN O-13-140047-9)中找到有关编码方法的信息。例如，该书描述了用于把信息记录在所谓“致密盘”上的所谓EFM调制系统。EFM已调信号是通过把一系列8位信息字变换为一系列14位码字来获得的，向码字插入了三个合并位。码字的选择使位于各位“1”之间的位“0”的最小个数是d(2)，而最大个数是k(10)。这一约束也称为dk约束。利用模2积分运算把码字序列变换为由具有高或低的信号值的位单元形成的相应信号，在已调信号中用从高至低的信号值或从低至高的信号值的变化来表示位“1”。用在两个位单元之间过渡处无信号值的变化来表示位“0”。选择合并位使得dk约束即使在两码字之间的过渡区内也得到满足，并且使得在相应的信号内使所谓行程数字和值(running digital sum value)基本上保持不变。某一时刻的行程数字和值指的是在该时刻之前于已调信号部分的范围内计算出的具有高信号值的位单元的个数与具有低信号值的位单元的个数的差值。基本恒定的行程数字和值是指信号的频谱不包含低频区的频率分量。这种信号也称为无直流信号。在从信息道(track)内记录有信号的记录载体中读出该信号时，无低频分量的信号具有非常大的优点，这是因为，能够实现不受该记录信号影响的连续跟踪控制。作为信息记录总是希望提高记录载体上的信息密度。图1中的三个信息字1具有各自的字值“24”、“121”和“34”。这3个信息字1的序列被变换为三个连续的n位码字，在这种情况下，是用标号4来表示的16位码字。码字4构成了由具有逻辑“0”值的位和具有逻辑“1”值的位组成的位串。信息字的变换使位串中位于两个具有逻辑“1”值的位之间的具有逻辑“0”值的位的最小个数是d而最大个数是k，其中d等于2，k等于10。通常把这种位串称为具有dk约束的RLL串(RLL＝游程长度受限)。码字的各个位将还被标为x1，......，x16，其中x1表示码字的第一个位(左起)，x16表示码字最后的位。
利用模2积分操作把码字4形成的位串变换为已调信号7。该已调信号包括表示码字4的三个信息信号部分8。这些信息信号部分包括可具有高信号值H或低信号值L的位单元11。每一信息信号部分的位单元的数目等于相关码字的位数目。在已调信号7中，用从具有高信号值的位单元至具有低信号值的位单元或从具有低信号值的位单元至具有高信号值的位单元的转换来表示具有逻辑“1”值的每一码字位，用在位单元过渡处无信号值的变化来表示具有逻辑“0”值的每一码字位。
此外，要求已调信号7的频谱基本上不包括低频分量。换句话说，已调信号7是无直流的。
以下详细描述本发明可获得已调信号的方法的一个实施例。
首先，对码字有这样的要求：dk约束在码字内应得到满足。把满足所述dk约束的全部可能码字的集合分成至少一个第一类型分组和至少一个第二类型分组。当利用第一类型分组之一来产生码字时，就建立仅依赖于产生的码字所属的第一类型分组的编码状态。当产生第一类型分组的码字之一时，就建立依赖于第一类型分组以及依赖于所产生的码字表示的信息字的编码状态。在本文描述的实施例中，可以这样区分第一类型的两个分组即：第一分组G11，它包括以具有逻辑“0”值的a个位结束的码字，其中a是等于0或1的整数；以及第二分组G12，它包括以具有逻辑“0”值的b个位结束的码字，其中，b是小于或等于9并大于或等于6的整数。
由第一类型的第一分组G11建立的编码状态今后用S1来表示。由第一类型的第二分组G12建立的编码状态今后用S4来表示。在此将描述的实施例只认识第二类型的一个分组，该分组包括以具有逻辑“0”值的C个位结束的码字，其中C是大于或等于2并小于或等于5的整数。该组今后将称为G2组。在将描述的实例中，可利用码字和相关信息字的组合来建立两种编码状态，即S2和S3。
在把信息字变换为码字时，给待变换的信息字分配属于依赖于编码状态的码字集合的码字。今后将分别用V1、V2、V3和V4表示属于编码状态S1、S2、S3和S4的码字集合。选择上述集合中的码字，以便可由已建立了编码状态的分组的码字和被这一编码状态建立的集合的任一码字形成的每一位串均能满足dk约束。在编码状态S4由以前产生的码字的产生所建立并且该编码状态因此而表示出上述先前的码字以大于或等于6和小于或等于9的逻辑“0”值的位串结束的情况下，由编码状态S4建立的码字集合V4只允许包括以具有逻辑“0”值的一个位的最大值开头的码字。为此，以较大量具有逻辑“0”值的位开头的码字将具有在以前产生的码字和将产生的码字之间的过渡区，在这些过渡区中，具有逻辑“0”值的连续位的数目将不总是小于或等于10，因此将不满足dk约束。出于同样的理由，集合V1只包括以大于或等于2和小于或等于9的逻辑“0”值的一些位开头的码字。
属于编码状态S2和S3的码字集合V2和V3只包含以具有大于或等于0和小于或等于5的逻辑“0”值的一些位开头的码字。满足这一条件的码字分布在两个集合V2和V3上，所以集合V2和V3根本不包含任何共同的码字。以下将把集合V2和V3称为断开的集合。码字在集合V2和V3上的分布最好是这样的即：根据有限数目的P个位的逻辑值能够确定一个码字属于哪一个集合。在上述实例中，位组合x1.x13用于此目的。根据位组合x1.x13＝0.0来识别集合V2的码字。根据不等于0.0的位组合x1.x13来识别集合V3的码字。区分了在产生时建立编码状态S1(分组G11)的码字、在产生时建立编码状态S2或S3(分组G2)的码字以及在产生时建立编码状态S4(分组G12)的码字。集合V1包括来自分组G11的138个码字、来自分组G2的96个码字以及来自分组G12的22个码字。显然，集合V1中不同码字的数目小于不同的8位信息字的数目。
由于来自分组G2的码字总是后面跟有来自集合V2的码字或来自集合V3的码字，此外，基于跟在来自分组G2的码字之后的码字，可以确定该码字属于哪一个集合，所以，后面跟有来自集合V2的码字的分组G2的码字可以明确地与后面跟有来自集合V3的分组G2的同一码字区别开来。换句话说，在把码字分配给信息字时，来自分组G2的每一码字均可使用两次。来自分组G2的每一码字与来自集合V2的随机码字一道形成了一种唯一的位组合，它与由该同一码字和同一集合V3的随机码字形成的位组合是分不开的。这意味着来自分组G11的138种唯一的位组合(码字)、分组G12的22种唯一的位组合(码字)以及分组G2的2×96种唯一的位组合(与后续码字结合的分组G2的码字)均可用于集合V1。这就使有用的唯一的位组合的总数达到352。由集合V2、V3和V4的码字形成的唯一的位组合的数目分别是352、351和415。
图2举例表示本发明的记录载体120。所示的记录载体是光可检测型的记录载体。该记录载体还可以是不同类型的、例如磁可读出型的记录载体。该记录载体包括沿信息道121排列的信息模式。图3表示信息道121之一的被显著放大的部分122。图3所示信息道部分121内的信息模式包括：第一部分123，它们例如呈光可检测标记形式；以及第二部分124，它们例如是位于上述标记之间的中间区域。第一和第二部分沿信息道的方向125交替。第一部分123呈现第一种可检测特性，而第二部分124呈现区别于上述第一种可检测特性的第二种特性。第一部分123表示已调二进制信号7的具有一种信号电平(例如低信号电平L)的位单元12。第二部分124表示具有另一信号电平(例如高信号电平H)的位单元11。记录载体12可以通过首先产生已调信号然后向该记录载体提供信息模式来获得。如果所述记录载体是光可检测型的，则可根据已调信号7利用本质上公知的制作母版和复制技术来获得。
图4表示记录信息的记录设备，在该记录设备中，使用了本发明的编码设备，例如图6所示的记录设备140。在该记录设备中，传送已调信号的信号线与写入头142的控制电路141连接，可写入型的记录载体143沿着写入头142运动。写入头142是常规型的，能够在记录载体143上产生具有可检测的变化的标记。控制电路141也可以是常规型的，它可响应作用于控制电路141的已调信号产生写入头的控制信号，因此，写入头142可产生相应于该已调信号的标记图样。
图5表示使用了本发明的译码设备例如下述译码设备153的读出设备。该读出设备包括常规型的用于读取本发明记录载体的读出头，而所述记录载体则含有相应于已调信号的信息模式。读出头150然后产生被读出头150读出的信息模式加以调制的模拟读出信号。检测电路152按照通常的方式把该读出信号变换为作用于译码电路153的二进制信号。
译码设备153的一实施例由能实现编码功能的相反功能的逻辑阵列组成。利用图7所示的编码表，可通过观察15位的码字、由即将到来的码字的第一和第三个位形成的两个元组x1x3以及前一码字末尾的零的数目来唯一地对字进行译码。该相反功能用公式(见下述的编码公式)表示如下：
Bt＝H-1(Xt-1，Xt，Xt+1.x1，Xt+1.x3)应当指出，观察前一码字Xt-1的9个末尾位就足够了。由此可见，误差传播被限制为最多一个字节。通过利用代码的几种特性就能够容易地减少把(9+15+2)个通道位转换成8个用户位的逻辑阵列。2个位的前视(look ahead)基本上是一个位(表示状态2或3)，而9个位的后视(look-back)可被减少为2个位(表示状态1、2、3或4)。因此需要(2+15+1)位至8位的查阅表。
图6表示本发明的能够执行上述方法的编码设备140的一个实施例。该编码设备用来把m位信息字1变换为n位码字4，不同编码状态的数目可以用s个位来表示。该编码设备包括把(m+s+1)个二进制输入信号变换为(n+s+1)个二进制输出信号的变换器60。从该变换器的输入端把m个输入连接至接收m位信息字的总线61。从该变换器的输出端把n个输出连接至输出n位码字的总线62。此外，s个输入被连接至接收表示当前编码状态的状态字的s位总线63。状态字由例如s个触发器形式的缓冲存储器64来提供。缓冲存储器64具有与总线58连接的s个输入端，以便接收将要存储在缓冲存储器内的状态字。为了输出将要存储在缓冲存储器内的状态字，使用变换器60的与总线58连接的s个输出端。
总线62与把通过总线62接收的码字4变换为将要通过信号线67提供给调制器电路68的串行位串的并行-串行变换器66连接，调制器电路68把上述位串变换为将通过信号线70输出的已调信号7。调制器电路68可以是常规型的，例如可以是所谓的模2积分器。
除码字和状态字外，变换器还向总线75要求每一接收的信息字和状态字信息的组合，这种组合表示：
—对于相关的状态字，是否把该码字或一对码字分配给相关的信息字，
—对于这些被分配码字的每一个码字，由该码字造成的数字和值的变化dDSV，因为，对高信号值来说，这种变化总是出现在与所述码字相对应的信息信号部分的开始处；
—码字内“1”位的数目是奇数还是偶数。
为了把信息传送给选择电路76，总线75与选择电路76的输入端连接。该选择电路计算一部分已调信号的行程DSV。该部分可以在过去的任一时刻开始或以同步字开头。在另一实施例中，还可以对于未来部分计算DSV，但在这种情况下，需要存储器来暂存可能的码字序列。
选择电路76根据这一信息产生选择信号，该选择信号表示由于有被呈送的信息字而要被传送给总线62的码字是否要增大或减小DSV值。上述选择信号通过信号线77传送给变换器60。于是就根据图8a的表标明的关系或根据图8b的表标明的关系来变换信息字。此外，根据本发明，变换器证实第一类型的不同编码状态的选择是否可能。对于图8的表，这对信息字87-255和状态1或4很合适。对于第一类型的其它集合的实际码字，变换器60证实dk约束是否得到满足。如果dk约束没有被破坏，就可选择其它集合的码字。在这种情况下，根据选择信号选择所使用的集合。
变换器60可以包括ROM存储器，其中，由作用于所述变换器的输入端的状态字和信息字的组合所确定的地址处存储有图8a或8b所示的码字表。对检测信号作出响应，选择存有相应于图8a的表的码字的存储单元的地址，或选择存有相应于图8b的表的码字的存储单元的地址。对于图7的编码表，可使用类似的ROM存储器，该存储器应当还包括用X来表示的“随意位”的存储单元。
在图6所示的实施例中，状态字存储在存储器60内。另一方面，可以利用门电路来从被传送至总线62的码字中仅获取状态字。
图7表示本发明的编码表。这一实例的参数是：d＝2，k＝14，比率＝8/15，抑制了低频成分，误差传播被限制为最多一个字节。此外，它具有唯一的20个位同步模式，并只用了4个表进行编码和译码。
该实施例的编码器是这样一种设备，该设备具有一8位的输入端，一15位的输出端以及一内部状态，它们都是(离散)时间的函数。操作原理可以用在计算和自动化理论领域中众所周知概念一普通的有限状态机来表示。可把编码器设计成具有四种状态。我们认为这些状态用边界来连接，而边界又用称为码字的标签来标识。这一实施例的码字是遵守预定dk约束的15位的序列。上述四种状态的每一种的特征在于，进入给定状态的码字的类型如下：
—进入状态1的码字以“1”结束
—进入状态2和3的码字以{2，......，8}个末尾“零”结束
—进入状态4的码字以{1，9，......，11}个末尾“零”结束离开这些状态的码字按下述方式选择即：进入一状态的码字和离开一状态的码字的链接遵守dk约束。例如，离开状态1的码字以至少两个零的行程开头。从状态2和3出来的码字遵守上述行程约束，但它们还遵守其它约束。已选择了离开状态3的码字，所以，其第一个(msb，最高有效位)位x1和第三个位x3都等于零。以同样的方式使离开状态2的码字具有这样的特征，即两个元组x1x3不等于00。显然，离开状态2或3的码字的集合没有共同的码字，即这两个集合是不相交的。四种状态的属性意味着任何经历从状态步进至状态的曲线图的游动都通过读出被加标签至连接各状态的边界的码字来产生dk约束序列。
编码器曲线图用三个集合：输入、输出和状态以及两个逻辑函数：输出函数H( )和下一状态函数G( )来定义。编码器在时刻t传送的用Xt表示的特定码字是进入该编码器的信息字Bt的函数，但还依赖于该编码器的特定状态St。同样地，时刻t+1的下一状态是Bt和St的函数。输出函数H( )和下一状态函数G( )可写成
Xt＝H(Bt，St)
St＝G(Bt，St)这两个函数都用图7所示的256个项目的四个列表来描述。第一列表示信息字0-255。第二列给出状态1的码字，第三列给出下一编码状态(图1、2、3或4来表示)。其它列表示相应的状态S2、S3和S4。编码状态S1和S4是如在EFM+(用于DVD的增强型8-14调制法)文献中描述的第一类型。编码状态S2和S3是第二类型。按照NRZI(不归零反转)表示法写入码字。在图7的前16行中，某些位用“x”来表示(指随意的)。这表示对于该位位置，可以使用0或1。所以，对每一信息字有两个成对的码字，它们仅在一个位置处有区别。必须用这种自由度来使已调信号的低频成分减至最小，这也称为DC(直流)控制(DCC)。
在图7的编码表中，已使状态S4中来自信息字132至255的码字与状态S1的相应码字配对。如对于DC控制所说明的那样，在编码状态S4时，可以选择S1的码字来代替状态S4的码字。如果在V1和V4中使用了共同的码字，就应当将它们分配给同一个信息字。这样做的优点是可以在不必了解建立的状态的情况下唯一地对码字加以译码。
可以以两种不同的方式进行DC控制。首先，如果该表示出了在输出表中的随意位，我们可以利用这种自由度来使行程数字和最佳化。其次，如果当前状态是S＝4并且如果对于前一码字Xt-1的行程长度的约束允许这样做(即如果Xt-1和H(Bt，1)的并置不违反dk约束)。在图7所示实施例中，已利用G(Bt，1)＝G(Bt，4)的约束获得了其它特点。这就形成了与当前码字依次相连地产生的相同码字。这样做的优点是：在延迟作出选择哪一个码字以进行DCC的决定的系统中，可能的序列流仅在(当前码字)一个位置上不同。这就使计算容易并降低了用于DCC单元的存储要求。选择交替的序列流来将编码序列的行程数字和减至最小。该实施例的功率频谱密度如图9所示。
有规则地向已调信号加入同步模式。唯一和可靠的模式的定义是一20位的序列x0010 00000 00000 00001。就在该同步模式开始之前，编码器处于一确定状态，比如s。用x表示的同步模式的msb的实际值由s如下地进行控制：如果s＝2，则x被设定为1，否则x＝0。在传送了同步模式之后，将编码器预置为状态1。
对于在类似约束下构成的其它编码表来说，在编码状态S1时，还可以使用S4的成对码字。但是，对于图7的表，因为dk约束被破坏，所以没有码字可被使用。可以构造具有不同数目的第一类型的编码状态、不同的码字分配或不同的码字长度m和n的不同的编码表，在这种编码表中，可以用通过分配成对的码字自由地选择第一类型的编码状态之一的自由度来改善已调信号的低频特性。
图8表示比率8/16的编码表。因此m＝8，n＝16，dk约束是d＝2，k＝10。列的安排如图7，但没有用x符号表示成对的码字，而是给出了主表和替换表。图8a表示主编码表，图8b表示信息字0-87单独的替换表。如在已有技术的EFM+文献中所描述的那样，可以选择替换表的码字进行DC控制。在这一实施例中，当处于状态1或4时，根据本发明，可以分别从第一类型的其它状态即状态4或1中选择码字。可以加入其它同步模式。同步模式具有独特的模式从而能容易地区分它们，例如通过包括一系列的k+1个零来破坏k约束。在同步模式之后将状态复位为预定值，例如状态1。
图9表示图7的代码的计算机模拟的结果。相对于频率计算“功率谱密度”，它被表示为与位频率的比值。用曲线表示8/15比率代码的良好低频特性。

Claims (10)

1.把m位信息字(1)的序列变换为已调信号(7)的方法，m为整数，在该方法中，对于每一接收的信息字(1)均产生一n位码字(4)，n为大于m的整数，把产生的码字(4)变换为已调信号(7)，并且，按照变换规则把信息字序列变换为码字序列，以便使相应的已调信号(7)满足预定的标准，而且，码字(4)分布于至少一个第一类型分组和至少一个第二类型分组上，在属于第一类型分组的每一码字的产生建立起由该相关分组确定的第一种编码状态时，属于第二类型分组的每一码字的产生就会建立起由该相关分组和由与产生的码字(4)相关的信息字(1)确定的第二种编码状态，并且当把码字(4)之一分配给接收到的信息字(1)时，就从依赖于产生前一码字时建立的编码状态的码字集合中选择该码字，属于第二种编码状态的码字集合不包含任何共同的码字，第二类型分组包括至少一个与多个信息字相关的码字，在所说的信息字中，相应信息字可通过检测所述后续码字就是其中一个成员的相应集合来加以区分，上述方法的特征在于：在建立了第一种编码状态之后，根据已调信号的低频成分，在不违反预定标准的情况下，从属于建立的编码状态的集合中或者从属于不同于第一种编码状态的编码状态的集合中选择码字。
2.权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：确定行程数字和值作为低频成分的度量，在一部分已调信号(7)的范围内确定该值，对这一部分已调信号来说，该值表示在具有第一值的位单元的个数和具有第二值的位单元的个数之差的当前值，在可选码字对数字和值有相反的影响时，选择该码字以便继续限制上述数字和值。
3.权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：已调信号满足预定的标准，即具有同一信号值的连续位单元的各数目至少是整数d，最多是整数k。
4.权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于：d等于2而k等于10。
5.权利要求1、2或3所述的方法，其特征在于：m等于8而n等于16。
6.权利要求1、2或3所述的方法，其特征在于：属于第一种编码状态的集合内的、被分配给一个信息字的码字建立起相同的编码状态。
7.一种通过在记录载体上写入标记来制造记录载体的方法，该标记表示通过把m位信息字的序列变换为已调信号而产生的已调信号的信息模式，m为整数，在该方法中，对于每一接收的信息字均产生一n位码字，n为大于m的整数，把产生的码字变换为已调信号，按照变换规则把信息字序列变换为码字序列，因此使相应的已调信号满足预定的标准，码字(4)分布于至少一个第一类型分组和至少一个第二类型分组上，当属于第一类型分组的每一码字的产生建立起由该相关分组确定的第一种编码状态时，属于第二类型分组的每一码字的产生就建立起由该相关分组和由与产生的码字相关的信息字确定的第二种编码状态，并且在把码字之一分配给接收到的信息字时，就从依赖于产生前一码字时建立的编码状态的码字集合中选择该码字，属于第二种编码状态的码字集合不包含任何共同的码字，第二类型分组包括至少一个与多个信息字相关的码字，在所说的信息字中，相应信息字可通过检测其后续码字是其中的一个成员的相应集合来加以区分，上述方法的特征在于：
在建立了第一种编码状态之后，根据已调信号的低频成分，在不违反预定标准的情况下，从属于建立的编码状态的集合中或者从属于不同于第一种编码状态的编码状态的集合中选择码字。
8.一种编码设备(140)，它包括把m位信息字变换为n位码字的m至n位变换器、把n位码字变换为已调信号的装置(66，68)以及在上述变换器产生码字时就建立编码状态的状态建立装置(60，64)，该状态建立装置设置成为每一产生的属于第一类型分组的码字建立由该相关分组确定的第一种编码状态，为每一产生的属于第二类型分组的码字建立由该相关分组和由与产生的码字相关的信息字确定的第二种编码状态，所述m至n位变换器(60)包括从依赖于编码状态的码字集合中选择相应于信息字的码字的装置，属于第二种编码状态的码字集合不包含任何共同的码字，第二类型分组的至少一个码字与多个信息字相关，在所说的信息字中，相应信息字可通过检测后续码字是其中的成员的相应集合来加以区分，该编码设备(140)的特征在于：
它包括这样的装置，该装置在建立了第一种编码状态之后，根据已调信号的低频成分，在不违反预定标准的情况下，从属于建立的编码状态的集合中或者从属于不同于第一种编码状态的编码状态的集合中选择码字。
9.权利要求8所述的编码设备，其特征在于：它包括用于确定行程数字和值作为低频成分的度量的装置，在一部分已调信号(7)的范围内确定该值，对这一部分已调信号来说该值表示具有第一值的位单元的个数和具有第二值的位单元的个数之差的当前值，在可选码字对数字和值有相反的影响时，选择该码字以便继续限制上述数字和。
10.一种用于记录信息的设备，该设备包括如权利要求8或9所述的把表示信息的信息字序列变换为已调信号的编码设备，和用于把相应于该已调信号的信息模式记录在记录载体(143)上的装置。
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