CN114591280A - 一种α-溴代葡萄糖的制备方法 - Google Patents
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- HOVAGTYPODGVJG-ZFYZTMLRSA-N methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside Chemical compound CO[C@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O HOVAGTYPODGVJG-ZFYZTMLRSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- HOVAGTYPODGVJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl beta-galactoside Natural products COC1OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C1O HOVAGTYPODGVJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- AQIHMSVIAGNIDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoyl bromide Chemical compound BrC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 AQIHMSVIAGNIDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- JVSFQJZRHXAUGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethylpropanoyl chloride Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C(Cl)=O JVSFQJZRHXAUGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- VNDYJBBGRKZCSX-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc bromide Chemical compound Br[Zn]Br VNDYJBBGRKZCSX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940102001 zinc bromide Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- LMBFAGIMSUYTBN-MPZNNTNKSA-N teixobactin Chemical compound C([C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H]1C(N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C[C@@H]2NC(=N)NC2)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)O[C@H]1C)[C@@H](C)CC)=O)NC)C1=CC=CC=C1 LMBFAGIMSUYTBN-MPZNNTNKSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 4
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000007810 chemical reaction solvent Substances 0.000 claims 2
- -1 preferably Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 abstract description 4
- 150000001266 acyl halides Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 206010012601 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical class [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005917 acylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- FXXACINHVKSMDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetyl bromide Chemical compound CC(Br)=O FXXACINHVKSMDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000010933 acylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002140 halogenating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010898 silica gel chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D309/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not condensed with other rings
- C07D309/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D309/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D309/10—Oxygen atoms
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/55—Design of synthesis routes, e.g. reducing the use of auxiliary or protecting groups
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Abstract
本发明提供一种α‑溴代葡萄糖的制备方法制备方法包括下列步骤:(1)将α‑D‑甲基葡萄糖苷与特戊酰氯,在常温条件下反应转化为式Ⅰ;(2)式Ⅰ和苯甲酰溴反应生成式Ⅱ化合物;该α‑溴代葡萄糖制备方法原料α‑D‑甲基葡萄糖苷易得且价格便宜,各步反应条件温和,易于纯化,操作简单,减少了酰卤的使用量,收率较高且得到的α‑溴代葡萄糖不需要分离纯化,直接用于糖尿病类药物的合成,提高了收率,极大的缩短了生产周期,降低了生产成本,适合工业化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于化学药物合成技术领域,具体涉及一种α-溴代葡萄糖的制备方法。制备得到α-溴代葡萄糖可直接用作医药合成中间体。
背景技术
α-溴代葡萄糖是α-D-甲基葡萄糖苷的羟基经羟基不同酰基基团保护和卤代得到。现有技术中,α-溴代四酰基葡萄糖的制备方法通常在碱的存在下使糖与酰基化反应从而得到糖的四酰基保护的衍生物,收率较低,且羟基很难完全被同一酰基保护,分离较为困难,得到糖的四酰基保护的衍生物再与乙酰溴反应从而制备得到α-溴代四酰基葡萄糖,结构如下式:
制备该化合物使用的碱和酰卤的量较大,产生三废较多,收率较低,纯化成本较高,目前市场价格比较高。本发明提供一种全新的制备α-溴代葡萄糖的方法,得到的α-溴代葡萄糖混合物不需要分离纯化,可用作医药合成中间体,直接用于糖尿病类药物的合成,从而极大的降低了生产成本。
发明内容
本发明是为了克服现有技术的不足而提供一种新的α-溴代葡萄糖制备方法,其原料α-D-甲基葡萄糖苷易得且价格便宜,各步反应条件温和,提纯较易,操作简单,三废较少,收率较高。得到的α-溴代葡萄糖不需要分离纯化,可用作医药合成中间体,直接用于糖尿病类药物的合成。该方法提高了收率,减少了酰卤的使用量,解决了羟基很难完全被同一酰基保护的问题,极大缩短了生产周期,降低了生产成本,适合工业化生产。
本发明通过以下技术方案,即可实现上述目的:
(1)将α-D-甲基葡萄糖苷与特戊酰氯,在常温条件下反应转化为式Ⅰ化合物。
其中R1、R2选自Piv或H基团,且R1、R2不同时表示相同基团,即当R1为H时,R2不能为H基团,当R1为Piv时,R2不能为Piv基团。
式Ⅰ化合物结构选自式ⅠA,或式ⅠA,式ⅠB化合物的混合物。
(2)式Ⅰ化合物和苯甲酰溴反应生成式ⅡA,ⅡB化合物的混合物:
其中R3、R4选自Piv或BZ基团,且R3、R4不同时表示相同基团,即当R3为Piv时,R4不能为Piv基团,当R3为BZ时,R4不能为BZ基团。
式Ⅱ化合物结构选自式ⅡA或式ⅡA,式ⅡB化合物的混合物。
为了达到本发明的目的,本发明人通过大量试验反应研究,最终获得了如下技术方案:
具体实施方式
为了更清晰地了解本发明,我们结合反应实例进一步说明:
1.式ⅠA,ⅠB化合物的混合物的合成:
将30gα-D-甲基葡萄糖苷加入500ml三口瓶中,加入360ml二氯甲烷,搅拌,氮气保护。冰浴冷却,0-5℃滴加56.5ml吡啶,最后滴加80ml特戊酰氯,恢复至25-30℃反应24h。冰浴冷却,滴加1L水,分液,舍弃水相。再加1L饱和碳酸钠,25-30℃搅拌24h,分液,水相用100ml二氯甲烷萃取两次,合并有机相,硫酸钠干燥,抽滤,旋干。硅胶柱层析(PE:EA=15:1至5:1)洗脱得无色粘稠液体,收率88.4%。
2.式ⅡA,ⅡB化合物的混合物的合成:
将16.1g无水溴化锌加入1L三口瓶中,加入270ml二氯甲烷,搅拌,氮气保护。冰浴冷却,0-5℃滴加31.9g(式ⅡA,ⅡB化合物的混合物)和50ml二氯甲烷混合溶液,最后滴加16.9ml苯甲酰溴,10-20℃反应2-3h。滴加500ml饱和碳酸钠淬灭,室温搅拌12h,抽滤,分液,水相用50ml二氯甲烷萃取两次,合并有机相,硫酸钠干燥,抽滤,旋干,得到类白色固体,收率89.3%。
3.式ⅡA的合成:
将13.5g无水溴化锌加入1L三口瓶中,加入227ml二氯甲烷,搅拌,氮气保护。冰浴冷却,0-5℃滴加26.7g(式ⅡA,ⅡB化合物的混合物)和42ml二氯甲烷混合溶液,最后滴加14.2ml苯甲酰溴,10-20℃反应2-3h。滴加420ml饱和碳酸钠淬灭,室温搅拌12h,抽滤,分液,水相用42ml二氯甲烷萃取两次,合并有机相,硫酸钠干燥,抽滤,旋干,用丙酮/水重结晶得到类白色固体,收率73.2%。
以上显示和描述了本发明的具体实施实例以及本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还需不断变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的的权利要求书及其等效物界定。
Claims (3)
1.一种α-溴代葡萄糖的制备方法,其特征在于包括下列步骤:
(1)将α-D-甲基葡萄糖苷与特戊酰氯,在常温条件下反应转化为式Ⅰ化合物:
其中R1、R2选自Piv或H基团,且R1、R2不同时表示相同基团,即当R1为H时,
R2不能为H基团,当R1为Piv时,R2不能为Piv基团;
式Ⅰ化合物结构选自式ⅠA,或式ⅠA,式ⅠB化合物的混合物;
(2)式Ⅰ化合物和苯甲酰溴反应生成式ⅡA,ⅡB化合物的混合物:
其中R3、R4选自Piv或BZ基团,且R3、R4不同时表示相同基团,即当R3为Piv时,
R4不能为Piv基团,当R3为BZ时,R4不能为BZ基团;
式Ⅱ化合物结构选自式ⅡA或式ⅡA,式ⅡB化合物的混合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种α-溴代葡萄糖的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,α-D-甲基葡萄糖苷与特戊酰氯摩尔比为1:4.2,反应温度为25-30℃,反应时间约为16-24h时,反应溶剂选自二氯甲烷、氯仿、四氯化碳、1,2-二氯乙烷的至少一种,优选地,所述溶剂为二氯甲烷。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种α-溴代葡萄糖制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中,反应温度为10-20℃,反应时间2-3h,式Ⅰ化合物与苯甲酰溴摩尔比为1:2,式Ⅰ化合物与溴化锌摩尔比为1:1,反应溶剂选自二氯甲烷、氯仿、四氯化碳、1,2-二氯乙烷的至少一种,优选地,所述溶剂为二氯甲烷。
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Citations (2)
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CN103665057A (zh) * | 2013-11-30 | 2014-03-26 | 山东永泰化工有限公司 | 一种溴代四乙酰葡萄糖的合成方法 |
CN109180662A (zh) * | 2018-10-17 | 2019-01-11 | 北大医药股份有限公司 | 一种卡格列净的制备方法 |
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CN103665057A (zh) * | 2013-11-30 | 2014-03-26 | 山东永泰化工有限公司 | 一种溴代四乙酰葡萄糖的合成方法 |
CN109180662A (zh) * | 2018-10-17 | 2019-01-11 | 北大医药股份有限公司 | 一种卡格列净的制备方法 |
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