CN114590008A - 一种用于电芯模组的隔热多层复合材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种用于电芯模组的隔热多层复合材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN114590008A
CN114590008A CN202210250892.5A CN202210250892A CN114590008A CN 114590008 A CN114590008 A CN 114590008A CN 202210250892 A CN202210250892 A CN 202210250892A CN 114590008 A CN114590008 A CN 114590008A
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heat
heat insulation
multilayer composite
composite material
insulating
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丁凯
庞佩燕
余宏伟
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Zhejiang Baorun Applied Material Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于电池技术领域，涉及一种用于电芯模组的隔热多层复合材料及其制备方法和应用。本发明隔热多层复合材料将隔热板、树脂基体浸入的纤维基材和隔热膜压制成型即可制得，总体制备方法简单，适用于大规模工业生产，其中树脂基体浸入的纤维基材并非单纯纤维基材所形成的板状结构，而是在纤维基材上均匀喷涂树脂基体，使两者充分浸润获取的预制件，树脂基体不仅可以大大提高强度，还可以作为预浸料与其他结构件之间的粘合剂，使纤维基材与其他结构件能够很好地结合在一起。

Description

一种用于电芯模组的隔热多层复合材料及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明属于电池技术领域，涉及一种用于电芯模组的隔热多层复合材料及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
电池包中电池能量储存部分与能量转化部分存在于同一空间，在过充电、针刺、碰撞情况下易引起连锁放热反应，造成冒烟、失火甚至爆炸等热失控事故，热失控是动力电池最严重的安全事故，直接威胁用户的生命安全，针对电池包的热失控传播问题主要通过热防护技术解决。
现有的一些技术方案中，新能源汽车的电池组通常是固定放置于金属壳体内，然后使用云母板或气凝胶对电池组中的电池进行隔离防护，由于云母板的密度较大，并且是钢性材料不易变形，很难做到与电池的充分贴合；气凝胶则成本昂贵，并且耐不住热失控时电池爆炸的高温火焰，具有较大的改进空间。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术存在的上述问题，提出了一种具有优良阻燃和耐冲击性能的用于电芯模组的隔热多层复合材料。
本发明的目的可通过下列技术方案来实现：一种用于电芯模组的隔热多层复合材料，所述复合材料包括由外到内依次设置的隔热膜层和至少一层基础层，其中基础层包括相互连接的隔热板层和树脂基体浸入的纤维基材层。
在上述的一种用于电芯模组的隔热多层复合材料中，树脂基体为环氧树脂、环氧乙烯基树脂和酚醛乙烯基树脂中的一种或多种。
在上述的一种用于电芯模组的隔热多层复合材料中，纤维基材为玻璃纤维布和碳纤维布中的一种或两种。
树脂基体浸入的纤维基材密度小、比强度高，本发明将其作为基体材料大大加强了最终复合材料的力学、阻燃和防火性能。
在上述的一种用于电芯模组的隔热多层复合材料中，隔热板为陶瓷纤维板、预氧丝板、玄武岩纤维板、超细玻璃棉板、隔热泡棉板和真空隔热板中的一种。本发明隔热板材料具有热阻抗高、阻燃性能优良，化学性质稳定，不产生有毒气体，弹性好，导热系数低，且防水防潮防震动，将其与树脂基体复合使得最终复合材料的综合性能得到大幅度提升。
在上述的一种用于电芯模组的隔热多层复合材料中，隔热膜为PET膜、PP膜、PE膜、单面镀铝PET膜、双面镀铝PET膜、金属铝箔膜中的一种或多种。
优选地，所述隔热膜设置于所述纤维基材或者所述隔热板外露的一面。
优选地，所述隔热膜的数量设置为两个，两个所述隔热膜分别设置于两个所述纤维基材外露的一面，或者两个所述隔热膜分别设置于两个所述隔热板外露的一面，或者两个所述隔热膜分别设置于所述纤维基材外露的一面以及所述隔热板外露的一面。
本发明还提供了一种用于电芯模组的隔热多层复合材料的制备方法，所述方法包括如下步骤：将隔热板、树脂基体浸入的纤维基材和隔热膜压制成型得隔热多层复合材料。
在上述的一种用于电芯模组的隔热多层复合材料的制备方法中，压制成型过程能中温度为120-180℃，压力为0.01-5MPa，时间为1-10min。
本发明还提供了一种电池包，包括上述用于电芯模组的隔热多层复合材料。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果为：
1、本发明用于电芯模组的隔热多层复合材料同时具有耐冲击及隔热功能，在电芯或者电池模组失控时可以吸收一部分热量并防止火势向相邻电芯或者电池模组蔓延。
2、本发明树脂基体浸入的纤维基材并非单纯纤维基材所形成的板状结构，而是在纤维基材上均匀喷涂树脂基体，使两者充分浸润获取的预制件，树脂基体不仅可以大大提高强度，还可以作为预浸料与其他结构件之间的粘合剂，使预浸料与其他结构件能够很好地结合在一起。
3、本发明隔热膜主要起到热反射以及包装的功能，并且有效防止预浸料以及隔热板暴露在外导致划伤。
4、本发明隔热多层复合材料将隔热板、树脂基体浸入的纤维基材和隔热膜压制成型即可制得，总体制备方法简单，适用于大规模工业生产。
具体实施方式
以下是本发明的具体实施例，对本发明的技术方案作进一步的描述，但本发明并不限于这些实施例。
实施例1：
依次将隔热膜、树脂基体浸入的纤维基材预制件和隔热板在温度为150℃，压力3MPa下压制5min成型得隔热多层复合材料；
所述隔热多层复合材料中树脂基体浸入的纤维基材预制件与隔热板的厚度比设置为1:4，隔热板的厚度设置为2mm，隔热膜设置于树脂基体浸入的纤维基材预浸料外露的一面；
其中树脂基体为环氧树脂，纤维基材为碳纤维布，隔热板为陶瓷纤维板，隔热膜为PET膜。
实施例2：
依次将隔热膜、树脂基体浸入的纤维基材预制件、隔热板和树脂基体浸入的纤维基材预制件在温度为160℃，压力4MPa下压制6min成型得隔热多层复合材料；
所述隔热多层复合材料中树脂基体浸入的纤维基材预制件的数量设置为两个，两个树脂基体浸入的纤维基材预制件分别设置于隔热板的两面，隔热膜设置于其中一个树脂基体浸入的纤维基材预制件外露的一面，树脂基体浸入的纤维基材预制件与隔热板的厚度比设置为1:3，隔热板的厚度设置为1mm；
其中树脂基体为环氧乙烯基树脂，纤维基材为玻璃纤维布，隔热板为玄武岩纤维板，隔热膜为PP膜。
实施例3：
依次将隔热膜、树脂基体浸入的纤维基材预制件、隔热板、树脂基体浸入的纤维基材预制件和隔热膜在温度为165℃，压力4MPa下压制8min成型得隔热多层复合材料；
所述隔热多层复合材料中树脂基体浸入的纤维基材预制件的数量设置为两个，两个树脂基体浸入的纤维基材预制件分别设置于隔热板的两面，隔热膜的数量也设置为两个，两个隔热膜分别设置于两个树脂基体浸入的纤维基材预制件外露的一面，树脂基体浸入的纤维基材预制件与隔热板的厚度比设置为1:3，隔热板的厚度设置为2mm；隔热膜厚度设置为0.08mm；
其中树脂基体为环氧乙烯基树脂，纤维基材为碳纤维布，隔热板为陶瓷隔热板，隔热膜为单面蒸镀铝箔的PET薄膜。
实施例4：
依次将隔热膜、隔热板和树脂基体浸入的纤维基材预制件在温度为150℃，压力3MPa下压制5min成型得隔热多层复合材料；
所述隔热多层复合材料中树脂基体浸入的纤维基材预制件与隔热板的厚度比设置为1:4，隔热板的厚度设置为2mm，隔热膜设置于隔热板外露的一面；
其中树脂基体为环氧树脂，纤维基材为碳纤维布，隔热板为陶瓷纤维板，隔热膜为PET膜。
实施例5：
依次将隔热膜、隔热板、树脂基体浸入的纤维基材预制件和隔热板在温度为180℃，压力5MPa下压制10min成型得隔热多层复合材料；
所述隔热多层复合材料中隔热板的数量设置为两个，两个隔热板分别设置于树脂基体浸入的纤维基材预制件的两面，隔热膜设置于其中一个隔热板外露的一面，树脂基体浸入的纤维基材预制件与隔热板的厚度比设置为1:4，隔热板的厚度设置为2mm；
其中树脂基体为环氧树脂，纤维基材为碳纤维布，隔热板为陶瓷纤维板，隔热膜为PET膜。
实施例6：
依次将隔热膜、隔热板、树脂基体浸入的纤维基材预制件、隔热板和隔热膜在温度为180℃，压力5MPa下压制10min成型得隔热多层复合材料；
所述隔热多层复合材料中隔热板的数量设置为两个，两个隔热板分别设置于树脂基体浸入的纤维基材预制件的两面，隔热膜的数量也设置为两个，两个隔热膜分别设置于两个隔热板外露的一面，树脂基体浸入的纤维基材预制件与隔热板的厚度比设置为1:4，隔热板的厚度设置为2mm；隔热膜厚度设置为0.1mm；
其中树脂基体为环氧树脂，纤维基材为碳纤维布，隔热板为陶瓷纤维板，隔热膜为PE膜。
对比例1：
与实施例1的区别，仅在于，纤维基材层未浸入树脂基体。
对比例2：
与实施例1的区别，仅在于，未设置隔热膜层。
对比例3：
与实施例1的区别，仅在于，未设置隔热板层。
对比例4：
与实施例1的区别，仅在于，未设置树脂基体浸入的纤维基材层。
对实施例1-6、对比例1-4制备的隔热多层复合材料进行背温曲线测试以及导热系数测试，设置样品的正面温度600℃，样品大小为100*100*2mm，首先将样品的压力加载至9000N，加载速度50N/s，达到9000N后，保持压力300s接着样品泄压至300N，卸载速度为50N/s，达到300N后，保持压力1200s。
导热系数测试采用稳态法，上板温度设置为70℃，下板温度设置为30℃；样品设置为707mm2的圆片，样品加载压力设置为100N，得到导热系数。
表1：实施例1-6、对比例1-4制备得到隔热多层复合材料的导热系数和背温测试结果
Figure 967755DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
综上所述，本发明隔热多层复合材料中树脂基体浸入的纤维基材并非单纯纤维基材所形成的板状结构，而是在纤维基材上均匀喷涂树脂基体，使两者充分浸润并获取的预制件，树脂基体不仅可以大大提高强度，还可以作为预浸料与其他结构件之间的粘合剂，使预浸料与其他结构件能够很好地结合在一起。
本处实施例对本发明要求保护的技术范围中点值未穷尽之处以及在实施例技术方案中对单个或者多个技术特征的同等替换所形成的新的技术方案，同样都在本发明要求保护的范围内；同时本发明方案所有列举或者未列举的实施例中，在同一实施例中的各个参数仅仅表示其技术方案的一个实例（即一种可行性方案），而各个参数之间并不存在严格的配合与限定关系，其中各参数在不违背公理以及本发明述求时可以相互替换，特别声明的除外。
本发明方案所公开的技术手段不仅限于上述技术手段所公开的技术手段，还包括由以上技术特征任意组合所组成的技术方案。以上所述是本发明的具体实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也视为本发明的保护范围。
本文中所描述的具体实施例仅仅是对本发明精神作举例说明。本发明所属技术领域的技术人员可以对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代，但并不会偏离本发明的精神或者超越所附权利要求书所定义的范围。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于电芯模组的隔热多层复合材料，其特征在于，所述复合材料包括由外到内依次设置的隔热膜层和至少一层基础层，其中基础层包括相互连接的隔热板层和树脂基体浸入的纤维基材层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于电芯模组的隔热多层复合材料，其特征在于，树脂基体为环氧树脂、环氧乙烯基树脂和酚醛乙烯基树脂中的一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于电芯模组的隔热多层复合材料，其特征在于，纤维基材为玻璃纤维布和碳纤维布中的一种或两种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于电芯模组的隔热多层复合材料，其特征在于，隔热板为陶瓷纤维板、预氧丝板、玄武岩纤维板、超细玻璃棉板、隔热泡棉板和真空隔热板中的一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于电芯模组的隔热多层复合材料，其特征在于，隔热膜为PET膜、PP膜、PE膜、单面镀铝PET膜、双面镀铝PET膜、金属铝箔膜中的一种或多种。
6.一种如权利要求1所述用于电芯模组的隔热多层复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括如下步骤：将隔热板、树脂基体浸入的纤维基材和隔热膜压制成型得隔热多层复合材料。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种用于电芯模组的隔热多层复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，压制成型过程能中温度为120-180℃，压力为0.01-5MPa，时间为1-10min。
8.一种电池包，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1-5任一所述的用于电芯模组的隔热多层复合材料。
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