CN114586629A - Water and fertilizer integrated planting method suitable for cultivating green Chinese onions by ridging - Google Patents
Water and fertilizer integrated planting method suitable for cultivating green Chinese onions by ridging Download PDFInfo
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- CN114586629A CN114586629A CN202210373210.XA CN202210373210A CN114586629A CN 114586629 A CN114586629 A CN 114586629A CN 202210373210 A CN202210373210 A CN 202210373210A CN 114586629 A CN114586629 A CN 114586629A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/35—Bulbs; Alliums, e.g. onions or leeks
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/04—Distributing under pressure; Distributing mud; Adaptation of watering systems for fertilising-liquids
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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Abstract
The invention relates to a water and fertilizer integrated planting method suitable for cultivating green Chinese onions by ridging, wherein a drip irrigation pipe with an anti-inverted siphon function is installed at a specified position according to requirements during field planting of the green Chinese onions, and the drip irrigation pipe does not move any more in the ridging process and can still keep a normal water dripping function after being directly covered by a soil layer; because the drip irrigation zone is always positioned at the upper part of the root system of the green Chinese onion, when the drip irrigation zone is used for applying the fertilizer, the water-fertilizer solution only covers the periphery of the root system of the green Chinese onion, and the green Chinese onion stalk has no water-fertilizer solution, so that a large amount of irrigation water and fertilizer can be saved, the dryness of the green Chinese onion stalk position is kept, and the green Chinese onion stalk rot caused by overhigh humidity is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a water and fertilizer integrated planting method for green Chinese onions, in particular to a water and fertilizer integrated planting method suitable for cultivating green Chinese onions such as shallots in ridging.
Background
The chive is a national geographical sign agricultural product, and in the planting process, in order to ensure the height of the fistular onion stalk, a cultivation mode of multiple ridging is adopted, namely, the newly grown fistular onion stalk is covered by soil at intervals. The water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation is an advanced irrigation mode which saves water, fertilizer and labor, is greatly popularized by China and is widely applied to the planting of cash crops at present. For the shallot with the nutty, a conventional drip irrigation mode is adopted, and a drip irrigation belt is buried in a soil layer during ridging, so that a dripper is blocked and cannot normally irrigate. The process of cultivating soil in the onion hills and the use condition of the conventional drip irrigation mode are shown in a schematic diagram of figure 1. Therefore, if drip irrigation is used in the planting of the shallots, the drip irrigation tape must be removed before each hilling and replaced on the ground before irrigation, which wastes a great deal of labor. If the drip irrigation tape is placed on the onion leaves, water can enter the onion stalks of the allium fistulosum during the drip irrigation process, and the allium fistulosum is rotten. Meanwhile, with the increase of the earthing-up times, the thickness of the soil layer above the root system can reach 50-60 cm, and a large amount of water-fertilizer solution is kept at the position of the fistular onion stalk above the root system of the fistular onion after drip irrigation, and cannot be absorbed by the fistular onion to cause the waste of water and nutrients. Therefore, the conventional water and fertilizer integration mode cannot be applied to the shallots. For the reasons, the conventional manner of manually spreading fertilizer and flooding water is adopted for the shallots at present, so that a large amount of moisture and nutrients cannot be fully absorbed, waste is caused, and the production cost of the shallots is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects, and provides the water and fertilizer integrated planting method suitable for cultivating the scallion through ridging, so that the cost can be saved, the position of the scallion stalk can be kept dry, and the scallion stalk is prevented from being rotted due to overhigh humidity.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a water and fertilizer integrated planting method suitable for cultivating green Chinese onions by ridging comprises the following steps:
(1) firstly, excavating planting ditches;
(2) placing an anti-siphon drip irrigation pipe at one uniform side in the planting ditch, wherein the anti-siphon drip irrigation pipe has a one-way dripping control function, introducing a water and fertilizer solution, planting green Chinese onion seedlings at the other uniform side in the planting ditch after first planting dripping, burying roots of the green Chinese onion seedlings in a soil layer for 3-5 CM, and preventing the drip irrigation pipe from directly contacting the green Chinese onion seedlings, wherein the interval between the anti-siphon drip irrigation pipe and the green Chinese onion seedlings is 5-10 CM;
(3) and (3) earthing up operation: when the hilling operation is carried out for the first time, the anti-siphon drip irrigation pipe is directly buried, the drip irrigation pipe has the anti-siphon function, the phenomenon that soil enters a dripper to be blocked is avoided, normal water dripping can be kept for a long time, and the anti-siphon drip irrigation pipe is not moved during the subsequent hilling operation for multiple times and only is used for normal hilling;
(4) carrying out water and fertilizer drip irrigation according to the water and nutrient demand rule of the green Chinese onions, wherein the time length of each irrigation is controlled to be 1-3 hours, so that a water and fertilizer solution is distributed in a 10-20 cm area around the root systems of the green Chinese onions;
(5) harvesting green Chinese onions: digging out green Chinese onions along one side without the anti-falling siphon drip irrigation pipe, and pulling out the anti-falling siphon drip irrigation pipe and collecting the anti-falling siphon drip irrigation pipe after the green Chinese onions are collected away so as to prepare for planting in the next season.
According to the water and fertilizer integrated planting method suitable for cultivating the scallion through ridging, the planting ditch in the step (1) is preferably deep: 20-25 CM, width: 30-40 CM, space: 30-40 CM.
The anti-falling siphon drip irrigation pipe in the step (2) can be provided with other counter-flow check valves for arranging a cover plate with a spring outside the water outlet hole to prevent falling siphoning. The preferable wall thickness of the drip irrigation pipe is 0.8-1.2 MM, the dripper distance is 30-50 CM, and the dripper flow is 2-4L/h. During irrigation, the pressure of water flow in the pipe is higher, and water flows out of the drip irrigation pipe; after the pressure of water flow in the pipe is reduced after irrigation is finished, the cover plate or the non-return device immediately closes the water outlet hole under the action of pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the pipe, soil moisture cannot flow back into the drip irrigation pipe, and the effect of preventing silt from blocking the drippers is achieved. And (3) dripping water for 0.5-2 hours for the first planting in the step (2).
The invention breaks through the limitation of the traditional thought, and the drip irrigation pipe with the function of preventing inverted siphonage is installed at the specified position according to the requirement when the green Chinese onions are fixedly planted, so that the drip irrigation pipe does not move in the ridging process, and can still keep the normal water dripping function after being directly covered by a soil layer; because the drip irrigation tape is always positioned at the upper part of the root system of the green Chinese onion, when the drip irrigation tape is used for water and fertilizer application, the water and fertilizer solution only covers the periphery of the root system of the green Chinese onion, and the green Chinese onion stalk has no water and fertilizer solution, a large amount of irrigation water and fertilizer can be saved, the dryness of the green Chinese onion stalk position is kept, and the green Chinese onion stalk rot caused by overhigh humidity is avoided; when the green Chinese onions are harvested, the drip irrigation belts are collected after the green Chinese onions are dug along one side without the drip irrigation belts in a unified mode for the next use. The problems of high planting cost caused by more water, large fertilizing amount and more labor and green Chinese onion rotting caused by large irrigation water amount in the current large-scale planting process of the chap green Chinese onions can be thoroughly solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the use of a conventional drip irrigation mode in a ridging planting process;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the installation position of a drip irrigation pipe during field planting of green onion seedlings;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the position and the wetting area of the drip irrigation pipe after hilling according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the position of the drip irrigation pipe after excavation of the green Chinese onion during harvesting according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of an anti-siphon drip irrigation pipe structure used in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the drawings.
Example 1
A water and fertilizer integrated planting method suitable for cultivating shallots through ridging takes the shallots with the dunes as an example:
firstly, digging planting furrows before field planting of the green Chinese onions, wherein the depth is as follows: 20-25 CM, width: 30-40 CM, space: 30-40 CM, and the uniform operation of a green Chinese onion ditching machine is used to ensure the consistency of ditching sizes.
And secondly, uniformly placing the drip irrigation pipes at one side of the planting ditch as shown in fig. 2, selecting the drip irrigation pipes with the anti-falling siphon function for irrigation, realizing the anti-falling siphon function by arranging a cover plate with a spring outside the water outlet hole as shown in fig. 5, tensioning the cover plate inwards through a spring device, and preventing external substances from entering the water outlet. During irrigation, the water flow pressure in the pipe is P (soil pressure outside the pipe P + spring tension), the water flow pushes open the cover plate of the one-way control device and flows out from the water outlet, and the drip irrigation pipe is in a drip irrigation water outlet state; after irrigation is finished, the pressure of water flow in the pipe is less than (the pressure of soil outside the pipe is P outside + the tension of the spring), the cover plate of the one-way device is closed, soil moisture can not enter the dripper, and the drip irrigation pipe is in a state of stopping irrigation and preventing reverse siphoning; through the device, can prevent that silt from getting into drip irrigation mouthful. After 0.5-2 hours of water is dripped in the first field planting, planting the green Chinese onion seedlings on the other side, opposite to the drip irrigation pipe, in the planting ditches, wherein the root systems of the green Chinese onion seedlings are buried in a soil layer by 3-5 CM; the drip irrigation pipe has a one-way dripping control function, during irrigation, the pressure of water flow in the pipe is higher, and water flows out of the drip irrigation pipe; after the intraductal rivers pressure of irrigation end reduces, because drip irrigation the pipe and have the inverted siphon function, soil moisture also can't flow back in driping irrigation the pipe to reach the effect that prevents silt and block up the dripper, drip irrigation between the wall thickness of pipe 0.8 ~ 1.2MM, dripper interval 30 ~ 50CM, dripper flow 2 ~ 4L/h.
Thirdly, as shown in the position and the wet area of the drip irrigation pipe after hilling in fig. 3, the drip irrigation pipe is directly buried when hilling is carried out for the first time in the planting process, and the drip irrigation pipe has the function of preventing reverse siphoning, so that the phenomenon that soil enters a dripper to be blocked is avoided, normal water dripping can be kept for a long time, and the drip irrigation pipe is only normally hilled when the position of the reverse siphoning prevention drip irrigation pipe is not changed during the subsequent hilling operation for multiple times;
and fourthly, irrigating according to the water and nutrient demand rule of the cumulus welsh onions, controlling the time for each irrigation to be about 1-3 hours, and enabling the water and fertilizer solution to be distributed in a 10-20 cm area around the root system of the welsh onions, as shown in the positions of the drip irrigation pipes and the wet area after ridging in the figure 3, the water and nutrient supply can be guaranteed, and the waste of water and fertilizer is avoided.
Fifthly, as shown in the figure 4, when the green Chinese onions are collected, a special green Chinese onions collecting machine is used for digging out the green Chinese onions below the root systems of the green Chinese onions, or the green Chinese onions are manually dug out along one side without the drip irrigation pipes so as to prevent the drip irrigation pipes from being damaged. After the green Chinese onions are collected, the drip irrigation pipes are pulled out and collected for planting in the next season.
By adopting the mode to carry out the water and fertilizer integrated irrigation of the green Chinese onions, compared with the flood irrigation, the water and fertilizer integrated irrigation saves water by more than 60 percent and fertilizer by more than 30 percent, reduces the humidity of the green Chinese onions during irrigation, avoids the green Chinese onions from rotting caused by overlarge humidity, and improves the quality of the green Chinese onions. Compared with the conventional drip irrigation, the drip irrigation tape can be buried without being collected and released during each earthing up, so that a large amount of labor cost is saved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present technology and should not be taken as limiting the present technology, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present technology should be included in the protection scope of the present technology.
Claims (6)
1. A water and fertilizer integrated planting method suitable for cultivating green Chinese onions by ridging is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) firstly, excavating planting ditches;
(2) placing an anti-reverse siphon drip irrigation pipe at one uniform side in the planting ditch, wherein the anti-reverse siphon drip irrigation pipe has a one-way dripping control function, introducing a water and fertilizer solution, planting green Chinese onion seedlings at the other uniform side in the planting ditch after first planting dripping, and burying roots of the green Chinese onion seedlings in a soil layer for 3-5 CM;
(3) and (3) earthing up operation: when the hilling operation is carried out for the first time, the anti-siphon drip irrigation pipe is directly buried, the drip irrigation pipe has the anti-siphon function, the phenomenon that soil enters a dripper to be blocked is avoided, normal water dripping can be kept for a long time, and the anti-siphon drip irrigation pipe is not moved during the subsequent hilling operation for multiple times and only is used for normal hilling;
(4) carrying out water and fertilizer drip irrigation according to the water and nutrient demand rule of the green Chinese onions, wherein the time length of each irrigation is controlled to be 1-3 hours, so that a water and fertilizer solution is distributed in a 10-20 cm area around the root systems of the green Chinese onions;
(5) harvesting green Chinese onions: digging out green Chinese onions along one side without the anti-falling siphon drip irrigation pipe, and pulling out the anti-falling siphon drip irrigation pipe and collecting the anti-falling siphon drip irrigation pipe after the green Chinese onions are collected away so as to prepare for planting in the next season.
2. The method for planting the shallots in the ridging mode according to claim 1, wherein the planting furrows in step (1) are deep: 20-25 CM, width: 30-40 CM, space: 30-40 CM.
3. The integrated water and fertilizer planting method for cultivating green Chinese onions according to claim 1, wherein the anti-siphon drip irrigation pipe in the step (2) is a cover plate with a spring arranged outside the water outlet hole to prevent reverse siphoning or is provided with other reverse flow check valves.
4. The integrated water and fertilizer planting method suitable for the ridging cultivation of the green Chinese onions according to claim 1, wherein the anti-falling siphon drip irrigation pipes in the step (2) are uniformly placed on the other sides of the green Chinese onion seedlings in the planting ditches, and the distance between the anti-falling siphon drip irrigation pipes and the green Chinese onion seedlings is 5-10 CM, so that the drip irrigation pipes are prevented from directly contacting the green Chinese onion seedlings.
5. The integrated water and fertilizer planting method suitable for cultivating green Chinese onions through ridging according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the drip irrigation pipe is 0.8-1.2 MM, the distance between drippers is 30-50 CM, and the flow rate of the drippers is 2-4L/h.
6. The water and fertilizer integrated planting method suitable for cultivating the green Chinese onions through ridging as claimed in claim 1, wherein water drops are dripped for 0.5-2 hours in the first planting in the step (2).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210373210.XA CN114586629A (en) | 2022-04-11 | 2022-04-11 | Water and fertilizer integrated planting method suitable for cultivating green Chinese onions by ridging |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210373210.XA CN114586629A (en) | 2022-04-11 | 2022-04-11 | Water and fertilizer integrated planting method suitable for cultivating green Chinese onions by ridging |
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| CN114586629A true CN114586629A (en) | 2022-06-07 |
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| CN202210373210.XA Pending CN114586629A (en) | 2022-04-11 | 2022-04-11 | Water and fertilizer integrated planting method suitable for cultivating green Chinese onions by ridging |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20130031835A1 (en) * | 2010-02-05 | 2013-02-07 | Lanzhou Jinfule Biotechnology Co., Ltd. | Planting structure and methods |
| KR20140115444A (en) * | 2013-03-19 | 2014-10-01 | 최찬규 | Method growing green onion |
| CN204598879U (en) * | 2015-03-23 | 2015-09-02 | 大禹节水（天津）有限公司 | Anti-siphon drip irrigation below the surface pipe |
| CN105090655A (en) * | 2015-07-22 | 2015-11-25 | 大禹节水（天津）有限公司 | Special one-way pipe connection bypass for buried drip irrigation and manufacturing method |
| CN106416946A (en) * | 2015-08-04 | 2017-02-22 | 万继平 | Irrigating and water-storing underground plantation pipe |
-
2022
- 2022-04-11 CN CN202210373210.XA patent/CN114586629A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20130031835A1 (en) * | 2010-02-05 | 2013-02-07 | Lanzhou Jinfule Biotechnology Co., Ltd. | Planting structure and methods |
| KR20140115444A (en) * | 2013-03-19 | 2014-10-01 | 최찬규 | Method growing green onion |
| CN204598879U (en) * | 2015-03-23 | 2015-09-02 | 大禹节水（天津）有限公司 | Anti-siphon drip irrigation below the surface pipe |
| CN105090655A (en) * | 2015-07-22 | 2015-11-25 | 大禹节水（天津）有限公司 | Special one-way pipe connection bypass for buried drip irrigation and manufacturing method |
| CN106416946A (en) * | 2015-08-04 | 2017-02-22 | 万继平 | Irrigating and water-storing underground plantation pipe |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| 李艳娥: "阜康市高产滴灌大葱栽培种植技术", 《农民致富之友》 * |
| 李鸿亮: "大葱露地直播、机械培土种植技术", 《农村科技》 * |
| 邱振存等: "地下滴灌系统设计应用相关问题探讨", 《中国农村水利水电》 * |
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Application publication date: 20220607 |
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