CN114559727A - 一种用于空投水囊的复合材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于空投水囊的复合材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于复合材料制备技术领域,公开了一种用于空投水囊的复合材料及其制备方法,包括外层TPU橡胶层、纤维增强层和内层TPU橡胶层;所述增强层上下两侧分别通过粘接层与外层TPU橡胶层和内层TPU橡胶层粘合连接;所述外层TPU橡胶层内侧面涂抹有一层二氧化硅气凝胶层;所述内层TPU橡胶层与水接触的表面涂覆有一层明胶层。本发明中的内层TPU橡胶层采用食品级的聚醚型TPU材料制作,并加入有机化的纳米银颗粒,可实现内层TPU橡胶层生物抗菌作用,通过对TPU材料进行多功能化设计,以满足供水功能的同时实现轻量化、抗冲击、防腐抗菌等多功能特性,为复杂条件下的快速饮水补给提供了新选择。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于复合材料制备技术领域,尤其涉及一种用于空投水囊的复合材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前,空投水囊对于战时作战或应对突发灾害进行快速水补给具有极其重要的现实作用。与传统水囊相比,空投水囊需要抵抗强烈的冲击力,否则将导致水囊破损,进而无法实现水补给的目的。另外,在寒冷地区空投水囊需保证水囊在运输、储存过程中不会发生结冰等影响正常饮水的情况;而且,水囊中的饮用水长时间储存于囊体中容易滋生细菌等有害微生物直接威胁到饮用者健康。目前空投水囊常采用传统的TPU(热塑性聚氨酯弹性体)复合材料,如专利文献CN 211140316 U公布了一种采用TPU橡胶的空投救灾水囊。虽然传统 TPU复合材料具有良好的力学性能,但在保温性,抗冲击、水体保持以及轻量化等方面仍具有很大的改进空间。
通过上述分析,现有技术存在的问题及缺陷为:
传统的空投水囊用的TPU复合材料保温性,抗冲击、水体保持以及轻量化方面存在不足。
解决以上问题及缺陷的难度为:
TPU材料的抗冲击性、耐磨性、保温性能较差,与水接触容易污染水体,以上缺陷无法只通过改性TPU得以解决。
解决以上问题及缺陷的意义为:
基于新设计的复合材料水囊对战时作战或应对突发灾害进行快速空投水补给,维持人员生理需求,具有重要的实用意义。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的问题,本发明提供了一种用于空投水囊的复合材料及其制备方法。
本发明是这样实现的,一种用于空投水囊的复合材料包括:
外层TPU橡胶层、纤维增强层和内层TPU橡胶层;
所述增强层上下两侧分别通过粘接层与外层TPU橡胶层和内层TPU橡胶层粘合连接;
所述外层TPU橡胶层内侧面涂抹有一层二氧化硅气凝胶层;
所述内层TPU橡胶层与水接触的表面涂覆有一层明胶层。
进一步,所述外层TPU橡胶层采用聚酯型TPU材料,所述内层TPU橡胶层采用食品级的聚醚型TPU材料。
进一步,所述纤维增强层采用超高分子量聚乙烯织物。
进一步,所述明胶层采用覆膜技术涂覆,厚度为0.1mm。
进一步,所述粘结层采用橡胶粘结剂,橡胶粘结剂中添加1wt%~5wt%含量的碳纳米管材料。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种用于空投水囊的复合材料的制备方法,所述用于空投水囊的复合材料的制备方法包括:
步骤一,制备外层TPU橡胶层,在外层TPU橡胶层的内层面辊涂一层由 10%~15%纳米二氧化硅气凝胶均匀分散的水溶液浆料,并在空气环境下静止24 小时待浆料中的水挥发完全,得到气凝胶涂覆的外层TPU橡胶层;
步骤二,制备内层TPU橡胶层,在内层TPU橡胶层与水接触的表面采用覆膜技术涂覆一层厚度为0.1mm的明胶层;
步骤三,将超高分子量聚乙烯层与外层TPU橡胶层和内层TPU橡胶层采用橡胶粘结剂进行粘合密封。
进一步,所述步骤一中外层TPU橡胶层的制备方法包括:
(1)将聚乙烯醇修饰的纳米碳酸钙、偶联剂修饰的纳米氮化硼和聚合物表面接枝的纳米二氧化硅在100~200转/分的搅拌速度下混合均匀;
(2)将TPU颗粒和丁腈橡胶在90~100℃下混炼均匀,混炼时转速为60~80 转/分,混炼的时间为0.5~2小时;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的混合物和抗氧剂加入步骤(2)混炼后的物料中继续混炼,混炼的温度为110~140℃,混炼时转速为50~60转/分,混炼的时间为1~3 小时,挤出得到外层TPU橡胶层。
进一步,所述步骤二中内层TPU橡胶层的制备方法包括:
通过将有机化的纳米银颗粒与TPU母料在反应釜中混合均匀,使得纳米银颗粒均匀的缔结在TPU母料上,然后通过流延膜法将纳米银颗粒与TPU母料融合为TPU流延膜,即为内层TPU橡胶层。
进一步,所述橡胶粘结剂采用重量比为2~6:3~4:2~3:2~4的聚氯乙烯树脂、聚丙烯树脂、线性树脂和环氧树脂混合,在一定温度下搅拌获得。
进一步,所述橡胶粘结剂中添加1wt%~5wt%含量的碳纳米管材料,用以增强粘结层的粘接性能与抗冲击性能。
结合上述的所有技术方案,本发明所具备的优点及积极效果为:
本发明中外层TPU橡胶层采用聚酯型TPU,其是一种由二元醇与二异氰酸酯在一定条件下聚合而成的主链上含有氨基甲酸酯基团的一类高聚物,其具有抵抗强烈的冲击、摩擦、辐射的性能,同时还具备良好的耐火、耐湿热、弯曲压缩以及粘结性能,大大增加囊体抗冲击的能力。通过在外层TPU橡胶层的内侧涂抹一层高绝热二氧化硅气凝胶,可以提高复合材料的力学性能与阻燃性能,降低材料的导热系数,提高产品的保温性能。
本发明中增强层选用超高分子量聚乙烯织物作为纤维增强层。该材料较碳纤、玻纤、凯夫拉纤维具有密度低、比模量高、比强度高、抗冲击、抗吸湿性好、耐磨性好以及良好的动能吸收性等特点,是一种理想的兼顾力学性能与防弹性能的材料。不仅如此,该材料的密度仅为0.97g/cm3,是已开发高性能纤维中最轻的,可以大幅度减轻囊体整体设计质量,从而实现囊体的轻量化设计。
本发明中的内层TPU橡胶层采用食品级的聚醚型TPU材料制作,并加入有机化的纳米银颗粒。纳米银颗粒具有强效的杀菌作用,可实现内层TPU橡胶层生物抗菌作用。
本发明中在内层TPU橡胶层与水接触的表面采用覆膜技术涂覆一层厚度约为0.1mm的明胶层。明胶层具有稳定的抑制细菌生长的能力,用以保持水质并增强内层TPU橡胶层的抗菌性能。
本发明向粘结剂中添加1wt%~5wt%含量的碳纳米管材料,用以增强粘结层的粘接性能与抗冲击性能,可在保证结构完整性与安全性的同时进一步减轻重量。
本发明通过对TPU材料进行多功能化设计,以满足供水功能的同时实现轻量化、抗冲击、防腐抗菌等多功能特性,为复杂条件下的快速饮水补给提供了新选择。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案,下面将对本申请实施例中所需要使用的附图做简单的介绍,显而易见地,下面所描述的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明实施例提供的用于空投水囊的复合材料的结构示意图。
图中:1、聚酯型TPU层;2、气凝胶层;3、粘结层;4、纤维增强层;5、聚醚型TPU层;6、明胶层;
图2是本发明实施例提供的用于空投水囊的复合材料的制备方法流程图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
针对现有技术存在的问题,本发明提供了一种用于空投水囊的复合材料及其制备方法,下面结合附图对本发明作详细的描述。
如图1所示,本发明实施例提供的用于空投水囊的复合材料包括聚酯型TPU 层1、纤维增强层4和聚醚型TPU层5。
聚酯型TPU层1和聚醚型TPU层5分别通过粘接层3与纤维增强层4连接。聚酯型TPU层1内侧面涂抹有一层气凝胶层2,气凝胶层2为二氧化硅气凝胶层;聚醚型TPU层5与水接触的表面涂覆有一层明胶层6。
如图2所示,本发明实施例提供的用于空投水囊的复合材料的制备方法包括:
S101,制备外层TPU橡胶层,在外层TPU橡胶层的内层面辊涂一层由 10%~15%纳米二氧化硅气凝胶均匀分散的水溶液浆料,并在空气环境下静止24 小时待浆料中的水挥发完全,得到气凝胶涂覆的外层TPU橡胶层;
S102,制备内层TPU橡胶层,在内层TPU橡胶层与水接触的表面采用覆膜技术涂覆一层厚度为0.1mm的明胶层;
S103,将超高分子量聚乙烯层与外层TPU橡胶层和内层TPU橡胶层采用橡胶粘结剂进行粘合密封。
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进一步进行描述。
外层TPU橡胶层包括聚酯型TPU层1和气凝胶层2;聚酯型TPU橡胶层具有优良的耐磨损、耐穿刺、撕裂强度好且耐阻燃的水囊外层材料,具体制备步骤为:(1)将聚乙烯醇修饰的纳米碳酸钙、偶联剂修饰的纳米氮化硼和聚合物表面接枝的纳米二氧化硅在100~200转/分的搅拌速度下混合均匀;(2)将TPU颗粒和丁腈橡胶在90~100℃下混炼均匀,混炼时转速为60~80转/分,混炼的时间为 0.5~2小时;(3)将步骤(1)得到的混合物和抗氧剂加入步骤(2)混炼后的物料中继续混炼,混炼的温度为110~140℃,混炼时转速为50~60转/分,混炼的时间为 1~3小时,挤出得到罐体外层TPU材料。同时,为了增强囊体的绝热保温性能,在外层膜的内层面辊涂一层由10%~15%纳米二氧化硅气凝胶均匀分散的水溶液浆料(AG-Paste气凝胶浆料)并在空气环境下静止24小时待浆料中的水挥发完全,得到气凝胶涂覆的TPU外层。这样不仅可以将二者优势相结合,还可以提高复合材料的力学性能与阻燃性能。
增强层材料为超高分子量聚乙烯,超高分子量聚乙烯层与上下橡胶层采用专用橡胶粘结剂进行粘合密封。专用橡胶粘结剂采用重量比为2~6:3~4:2~ 3:2~4的聚氯乙烯树脂、聚丙烯树脂、线性树脂和环氧树脂混合,在一定温度下搅拌获得。通过向上述粘结剂中添加1wt%~5wt%含量的碳纳米管材料,用以增强粘结层的粘接性能与抗冲击性能。
内层TPU橡胶层包括聚醚型TPU层5和明胶层6;食品级聚醚型TPU材料具有良好的韧性、耐溶剂性、加工方便、透明度高等特点。通过将有机化的纳米银颗粒与TPU母料在反应釜中混合均匀,使得纳米银颗粒均匀的缔结在TPU 母料上,使得纳米银颗粒与TPU母料的截面结合更加牢固,然后通过流延膜法将纳米银颗粒与TPU母料融合为TPU流延膜,使得TPU流延膜具有抗菌的作用。同时,在内层TPU与水接触的表面采用覆膜技术涂覆一层厚度约为0.1mm 的明胶层。明胶具有稳定的抑制细菌生长的能力,用以保持水质并增强内层TPU 的抗菌性能。
利用本发明的水囊复合材料的制备了20L、80L产品;
利用本发明的水囊复合材料制成了水囊复合材料面料及1000L产品。
利用本发明的水囊复合材料制造的1000L产品进行跌落试验。
以上所述,仅为本发明的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于空投水囊的复合材料,其特征在于,所述用于空投水囊的复合材料包括:
外层TPU橡胶层、纤维增强层和内层TPU橡胶层;
所述增强层上下两侧分别通过粘接层与外层TPU橡胶层和内层TPU橡胶层粘合连接;
所述外层TPU橡胶层内侧面涂抹有一层二氧化硅气凝胶层;
所述内层TPU橡胶层与水接触的表面涂覆有一层明胶层。
2.如权利要求1所述的用于空投水囊的复合材料,其特征在于,所述外层TPU橡胶层采用聚酯型TPU材料,所述内层TPU橡胶层采用食品级的聚醚型TPU材料。
3.如权利要求1所述的用于空投水囊的复合材料,其特征在于,所述纤维增强层采用超高分子量聚乙烯织物。
4.如权利要求1所述的用于空投水囊的复合材料,其特征在于,所述明胶层采用覆膜技术涂覆,厚度为0.1mm。
5.如权利要求1所述的用于空投水囊的复合材料,其特征在于,所述粘结层采用橡胶粘结剂,橡胶粘结剂中添加1wt%~5wt%含量的碳纳米管材料。
6.一种用于权利要求1~5任意一项所述的用于空投水囊的复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述用于空投水囊的复合材料的制备方法包括:
步骤一,制备外层TPU橡胶层,在外层TPU橡胶层的内层面辊涂一层由10%~15%纳米二氧化硅气凝胶均匀分散的水溶液浆料,并在空气环境下静止24小时待浆料中的水挥发完全,得到气凝胶涂覆的外层TPU橡胶层;
步骤二,制备内层TPU橡胶层,在内层TPU橡胶层与水接触的表面采用覆膜技术涂覆一层厚度为0.1mm的明胶层;
步骤三,将超高分子量聚乙烯层与外层TPU橡胶层和内层TPU橡胶层采用橡胶粘结剂进行粘合密封。
7.如权利要求6所述的用于空投水囊的复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤一中外层TPU橡胶层的制备方法包括:
(1)将聚乙烯醇修饰的纳米碳酸钙、偶联剂修饰的纳米氮化硼和聚合物表面接枝的纳米二氧化硅在100~200转/分的搅拌速度下混合均匀;
(2)将TPU颗粒和丁腈橡胶在90~100℃下混炼均匀,混炼时转速为60~80转/分,混炼的时间为0.5~2小时;
(3)将步骤(1)得到的混合物和抗氧剂加入步骤(2)混炼后的物料中继续混炼,混炼的温度为110~140℃,混炼时转速为50~60转/分,混炼的时间为1~3小时,挤出得到外层TPU橡胶层。
8.如权利要求6所述的用于空投水囊的复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤二中内层TPU橡胶层的制备方法包括:
通过将有机化的纳米银颗粒与TPU母料在反应釜中混合均匀,使得纳米银颗粒均匀的缔结在TPU母料上,然后通过流延膜法将纳米银颗粒与TPU母料融合为TPU流延膜,即为内层TPU橡胶层。
9.如权利要求6所述的用于空投水囊的复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述橡胶粘结剂采用重量比为2~6:3~4:2~3:2~4的聚氯乙烯树脂、聚丙烯树脂、线性树脂和环氧树脂混合,在一定温度下搅拌获得。
10.如权利要求6所述的用于空投水囊的复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述橡胶粘结剂中添加1wt%~5wt%含量的碳纳米管材料,用以增强粘结层的粘接性能与抗冲击性能。
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