CN114541312B - Fish collecting method of fish lift device for collecting fish by utilizing tail water of hydropower station - Google Patents
Fish collecting method of fish lift device for collecting fish by utilizing tail water of hydropower station Download PDFInfo
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- CN114541312B CN114541312B CN202210217082.XA CN202210217082A CN114541312B CN 114541312 B CN114541312 B CN 114541312B CN 202210217082 A CN202210217082 A CN 202210217082A CN 114541312 B CN114541312 B CN 114541312B
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- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 355
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 217
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009182 swimming Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001617 migratory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001363 water suppression through gradient tailored excitation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B1/00—Equipment or apparatus for, or methods of, general hydraulic engineering, e.g. protection of constructions against ice-strains
- E02B1/006—Arresting, diverting or chasing away fish in water-courses or water intake ducts, seas or lakes, e.g. fish barrages, deterrent devices ; Devices for cleaning fish barriers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B8/00—Details of barrages or weirs ; Energy dissipating devices carried by lock or dry-dock gates
- E02B8/08—Fish passes or other means providing for migration of fish; Passages for rafts or boats
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/60—Ecological corridors or buffer zones
Abstract
The invention discloses a fish collecting method of a fish lifting device for collecting fish by utilizing tail water of a hydropower station, wherein the fish lifting device for collecting fish by utilizing the tail water of the hydropower station comprises a water guide wall, a fish collecting pond, a fish collecting box and a lifting mechanism, and the fish collecting method comprises the following steps of: under the power generation working condition, a fish blocking facility (5) positioned at the upstream end of the fish collecting pond (2) is started, a water outlet of the fish collecting pond (2) is provided with an escape-preventing horn mouth (4), and fish collecting operation is started; when the power station generates power, the power generation tail water flows in from the water inlet 2.1 of the fish collecting pond (2) and flows out from the water outlet 2.2 to form fish attracting water flow; when enough fishes enter the fish collecting pond (2), the fish collecting box (6) is vertically lifted to the tail horizontal platform (10) by the lifting mechanism (7) through the crane (7.2) and the lifting hook (7.3), and is transported through the dam. The invention has the advantages of improving fish gathering efficiency and better protecting fish. The invention also discloses a fish collecting method of the fish lift device for collecting fish by utilizing the tail water of the hydropower station.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydraulic engineering and environmental protection engineering, in particular to a fish collecting method of a fish lift device for collecting fish by utilizing tail water of a hydropower station.
Background
The hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering brings non-negligible influence on the ecological environment, especially on the blocking influence of fish migration channels while playing the benefits of flood control, power generation, shipping and the like, and has been paid attention in recent years. The fish passing facilities are internationally adopted for more than 300 years as fish protection measures for relieving the blocking effect of the dam, and can play roles in recovering fish migration channels and communicating upstream and downstream fish communication. The main types of fish passing facilities include fishways, fish lifts, fish gates, and fish gathering and transporting systems. The fish gathering and transporting system is flexible in arrangement, simple and convenient in dam passing, free from limit of dam height, capable of saving fish physical strength, small in investment and the like, is suitable for being adopted in high dam engineering, and is rapidly developed in recent years.
At present, fish gathering modes of fish passing facilities generally have several modes, for a fishway, a fishway inlet is arranged at the bank side of the river, fish is induced by water leakage or water supplement of the fishway, and a fish lift is generally used for inducing fish through water supplement as the fishway, and the inlet position is generally arranged at the bank side.
The method has the following defects:
1) The fish passing facility inlet is arranged at a certain position in the bank or the dam, but most of fish can still be attracted by the power generation tail water due to the much lower drainage flow than the power generation tail water flow, trace upwards along the main flow of the tail water and gather near a tail water pipe (a tail water hole), so that the fish collecting efficiency of the fish passing facility inlet is low;
2) In order to improve the fish attracting efficiency of the fish passing facility inlet, part of the fish passing facility is supplemented with water at the fish inlet to increase the fish attracting flow, and the fish passing facility is difficult to compete with the power generation tail water due to limited water supplementing flow, in addition, the water supplementing is generally supplied from an upstream reservoir area or a building pump station, and when the water supplementing is carried out, the flow is consumed or the energy consumption is increased, so that the influence on the power generation benefit of engineering is great;
3) The fish inlet of the fish passing facility is fixed in elevation and is difficult to be suitable for fishes inhabiting different water layers.
The prior application number is: 201711383215.6, the patent name of the fish gathering system adaptable to water level amplitude and the application number are: 201810150802.9, patent name is a fish collecting system device of fish lift, which discloses a fish collecting device system comprising a water supplementing system, a fish collecting system and a lifting and transferring system, wherein a fish collecting box is arranged at the head part of a fish collecting gallery and is arranged on the lifting system, and the opening of a fish inlet valve and a water supplementing valve are automatically optimized and adjusted according to the characteristics of fish shoals observed by a fish monitor and the water level flow change, so that the proper hydraulic conditions of different fish shoals at different positions are met; however, the water source is extracted by water supplementing facilities such as a water pump to lure fish, firstly, the flow is limited, and the fish luring efficiency is low; secondly, the pumping energy consumption of the water pump is larger, and the influence on the power generation benefit of engineering is larger; thirdly, the fish inlet of the fish collecting channel is fixed in elevation and cannot be suitable for fishes inhabiting different water layers, and fish collecting varieties are limited; fourth, have many mechanical equipment and mechanical operations such as drag grid drop, drag grid translation, the mechanism and operation are comparatively complicated.
The existing application number is 201711278801.4, the patent name is a comprehensive fish gathering and transporting platform and a method for solving the problem that a hydropower station blocks fish from tracing, a fish gathering and attracting channel is newly built in a downstream area of the forefront position where fish in the downstream of tail water reaches upstream, related fish gathering and attracting measures, observation equipment and lifting and transporting devices are additionally arranged in the channel, and the purposes of gathering, observing, transporting and the like of fish under a dam are achieved; the fish-attracting device pumps water with certain flow through the water pump group, and water is discharged from pipelines which are arranged at two sides of a channel and pre-buried at the bottom to form favoring flow velocity distribution aiming at different fish-passing targets to attract fish, but the fish-attracting device utilizes the water pump to artificially create flow to attract fish, and has the following defects: ① The flow is limited, and the fish attracting efficiency is low; ② The pumping energy consumption of the water pump is relatively high; ③ The water pump can generate vibration and noise to influence the fish attracting effect; in addition, the application discloses that fishes are driven or trapped into the fish collecting box through artificial water flow and a fish blocking net or related auxiliary means, but does not specifically disclose equipment and operation flow thereof, and in practice, the operation difficulty is extremely high and damages to the fishes may be brought.
In addition, the fish collecting channel is disclosed that the fish in the channel can be trapped and collected into the fish collecting box through artificial water, and the fish can be driven or trapped and collected into the fish collecting box through a fish blocking net or related auxiliary means; however, the fish collecting box is arranged on the ladder of the fish collecting channel, during the fish collecting period, the box door at one side of the fish collecting box is lifted upwards to be opened, after a certain amount of fish is trapped in the box, the opened box door is put down to prevent the fish in the fish collecting box from escaping, the fish collecting channel is additionally arranged, and the time and the labor are consumed, so that the influence on the power generation benefit of engineering is large.
The prior application number is: 201720271676.3, patent name "a high dam fish-attracting fish-collecting device based on flow field" discloses a fish-attracting fish-collecting box for holding attracted fish, the end of the fish-attracting fish-collecting box is connected with a high dam fish-attracting fish-collecting device which is convenient for fish to enter the fish-attracting fish-collecting box and participates in the hump overflow weir of the fish-attracting flow field; the isomorphic water pump and the overflow weir are used for manufacturing a fish-like flow field, the LED lamp strip and the small sound box are arranged in the device to manufacture illumination and sound, and the flow field, the illumination and the sound are synthesized;
However, as the submersible pump is used for generating flow, and the light is used for attracting fish, the following defects still exist: ① The flow rate of the fish-luring by the submerged pump is extremely limited, and the fish-luring efficiency is low; ② The energy consumption of the water pump for pumping is large, and the operation cost is high; ③ The water pump can generate vibration and noise to influence the fish attracting effect; ④ Different fishes have different evasion reactions to light, sound waves and the like, have no universal trapping effect on fishes, and therefore the effectiveness and feasibility of other measures besides water flow fish trapping cannot be verified.
Therefore, how to make the fish collecting system of the fish passing facility work more efficiently and better play the role of the fish passing facility is a technical problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fish collecting method of a fish lift device for collecting fish by utilizing tail water of a hydropower station, which utilizes the power generation tail water of a factory building to lure fish to the greatest extent, has large flow and high fish collecting efficiency, and can collect fish in different water layers by using the fish collecting depth from the bottom of a tail water canal to the full depth of the water surface.
The invention relates to a fish collecting method of a fish lift device for collecting fish by utilizing tail water of a hydropower station, which comprises the following steps of: the fish lift device for collecting fish by utilizing tail water of a hydropower station comprises a water guide wall, a fish collecting pond, a fish collecting box and a lifting mechanism, wherein the water guide wall is arranged on a tail water hole/pipe bottom plate and a stilling pool and/or a tail water canal bottom plate, the fish collecting pond is arranged on the downstream side of the tail water hole/pipe or in the stilling pool, the fish collecting box is connected with the lifting mechanism, and the lifting mechanism is arranged on a tail water platform and the fish collecting pond.
In the technical scheme, the fish collecting pond is of a vertical shaft type structure.
In the above technical scheme, the lifting mechanism comprises a bent column, a crane and a lifting hook, wherein the bent column is arranged at the upper end of the fish collecting pond, the crane is arranged at the upper end of the bent column, and the lifting hook is movably connected to the crane.
In the technical scheme, the escape-proof horn mouth is arranged at the water outlet of the fish-collecting pond; one or more escape-proof bellmouths are arranged, and a plurality of escape-proof bells are arranged in parallel and/or are stacked.
In the above technical scheme, the escape-proof bell mouth is a concave structure extending towards the inside of the fish-collecting pond and having a cross section gradually reduced, a fish inlet is arranged at the end part of the concave structure of the escape-proof bell mouth and is positioned in the fish-collecting pond, and the escape-proof bell mouth is a water-permeable grid structure; one or more fish inlets are arranged.
In the technical scheme, a tail water platform is arranged at the upper end of the tail water hole/pipe or at the upper end of the tail water channel, the lifting mechanism is arranged at the side of the tail water platform, and the crane is arranged above the side of the tail water platform;
the fish blocking facility is arranged at the water inlet of the fish collecting pond and is positioned between the side wall of the tail water hole/pipe and the water guide wall or between the side wall of the tail water channel and the water guide wall.
In the technical scheme, the fish blocking facility is at least one of a fish blocking electrode and a grid; the crane is at least one of a portal crane, a bridge crane, a jib crane, a cable crane and an automobile crane.
In the technical scheme, the fish collection box comprises a water storage baffle plate at the lower end and a water permeable grid arranged at the upper end of the water storage baffle plate, wherein a plurality of water storage baffle plates are arranged, and the water storage baffle plates form a square structure with an opening at the upper end; the fish collecting box is provided with a lifting lug, and the fish collecting box is connected to the lifting mechanism through the lifting lug.
In the technical scheme, the fish collection box is connected to the lifting hook through the lifting lug; the fish collecting box is connected with the fish collecting pond in a sliding way through a track or a sliding block and positioned, or is connected with the fish collecting pond through teeth of a gear rack and positioned; the fish collecting box is connected with the rack posts in a sliding way through a track or a sliding block and positioned, or is connected with the rack posts through teeth of a gear rack and positioned.
The invention relates to a fish collecting method of a fish lift device for collecting fish by utilizing tail water of a hydropower station, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
Step one: under the power generation working condition, starting a fish blocking facility positioned at the upstream end of the fish collecting pond, placing an escape-preventing horn mouth at the water outlet of the fish collecting pond, and starting the fish collecting operation;
Step two: when the power station generates power, the power generation tail water flows in from the water inlet of the fish collecting pond and flows out from the water outlet to form fish attracting water flow, fish enters the fish collecting pond along the fish inlet under the attraction of the fish attracting water flow, and a proper water flow place is found for rest;
Step three: when enough fishes enter the fish collecting pond, the fish collecting box is vertically lifted to the tail horizontal platform by the crane and the lifting hook by the lifting mechanism, and is transported to pass through the dam.
The invention has the following advantages:
(1) The invention utilizes the power generation tail water of the factory to the greatest extent to lure fish, has large flow and high fish collecting efficiency; according to the fish gathering device, the fish gathering is carried out in the most dense area of the fish by utilizing the characteristic of the fish in a flow direction, so that the fish gathering efficiency can be greatly improved (the fish gathering water amount is large and can generally reach more than hundred times of the fish gathering flow of a conventional fish lift); the defect that fish-attracting water flow at a fish inlet is small, cannot compete with tail water of a power station, most of fish gathers at the tail water of the power station, and the fish gathering efficiency of fish passing facilities is low in the prior art is overcome;
(2) The invention does not need additional water supplement, avoids diversion from the dam or diversion from a pump station built, and greatly saves engineering operation cost (the construction cost of a common fish lift is about 2000-4000 ten thousand yuan, and the cost of the invention is about 1000 ten thousand yuan); the invention overcomes the defects of large water supplementing quantity and high operation cost of the fish passing facility in the prior art (the invention uses the power generation tail water to lure fish, does not consume water quantity and electric power, has lower operation cost, and the fish lifting machine in the prior art generally uses an upstream water diversion or water pump to supplement water, and the water consumption per day is about 17.3 ten thousand tons, the power consumption is about 1.5 ten thousand DEG, and the operation cost is higher) according to the water supplementing quantity of 2.0m < 3 >/s;
(3) The fish collecting depth is the full depth from the bottom of the tail water canal to the water surface, so that fishes in different water layers can be collected; overcomes the defects that the fish inlet depth is fixed and the fishes at the surface layer and the bottom layer are difficult to consider in the prior art;
(4) The fish transfer device can safely transfer fish, and avoids the risk of being injured and caught by fishermen caused by long-time trapping in turbulent water areas such as tail water gate slots;
(5) The fish-attracting device has one or more fish inlets, and under the power generation working conditions of different power stations, the fish inlets form high and low fish-attracting flow rates, fish can freely select the favored fish inlets to enter, so that the fish-attracting device is suitable for a wide range of working conditions.
The invention is suitable for the fish collecting device of the built hydropower station, the fish collecting box is directly placed at the last point of the trace of the fish (namely, the tail water pipe or tail water hole of the factory building), and the method for collecting the migratory fish in the river channel can be used for collecting the fish with brand new high efficiency; in the fish passing facility engineering, the fish collecting efficiency can be improved by adopting the fish collecting device to collect fish, and the fish can be better protected.
According to the invention, part or all tail water is guided into the fish collecting pond arranged outside the tail water hole (pipe) by utilizing the guide wall, water flows through the fish collecting pond from the water inlet to flow out from the fish inlet to form fish attracting water flow, fish is attracted to enter the fish inlet with the escape-preventing horn mouth structure and is continuously gathered, and then the fish is lifted and collected by the fish collecting box arranged at the bottom of the fish collecting pond so as to be transported through a dam.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an enlarged view at a of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is an enlarged view at B of fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a downstream side view of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is an enlarged view of a portion of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the present invention in a longitudinal section.
Fig. 8 is a schematic perspective view of the fish-collecting box of the present invention.
In the figure, the water guide wall, the 2-fish collecting pond, the 2.1-water inlet, the 2.2-water outlet, the 3-fish inlet, the 4-escape horn mouth, the 5-fish blocking facility, the 6-fish collecting box, the 6.1-water storage baffle, the 6.2-water permeable grid, the 6.3-lifting lug, the 7-lifting mechanism, the 7.1-row frame column, the 7.2-crane, the 7.3-lifting hook, the 8-tail water channel, the 9-stilling pool, the 10-tail water platform and the 11-tail water hole/pipe are arranged.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the invention is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense, but is made merely by way of example. While making the advantages of the present invention clearer and more readily understood by way of illustration.
As can be seen with reference to the accompanying drawings: the invention relates to a fish collecting method of a fish lift device for collecting fish by utilizing hydropower station tail water, which comprises a fish lift device for collecting fish by utilizing hydropower station tail water, and the fish lift device comprises a water guide wall 1, a fish collecting tank 2, a fish collecting box 6 and a lifting mechanism 7, wherein the water guide wall 1 is arranged on a bottom plate of a tail water hole/pipe 11 and a bottom plate of a stilling pool 9 and/or a bottom plate of a tail water canal 8, the fish collecting tank 2 is arranged on the downstream side of the tail water hole/pipe 11 or in the stilling pool 9, the fish collecting box 6 is connected with the lifting mechanism 7, the lifting mechanism 7 is arranged on a tail water platform 10 and the fish collecting tank 2 (shown in figure 1), part or all of tail water is guided into the fish collecting tank arranged outside the tail water hole (pipe) by utilizing a guide wall, water flows from a water inlet through the fish collecting tank to form a fish inducing water flow, and is sucked into the fish inlet with a structure of a horn mouth for continuous collection, and then passes through the fish collecting box arranged at the bottom of the fish collecting box for transportation.
The fish collecting pond 2 is in a vertical shaft type structure (shown in figures 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 and 7), and can flexibly adjust the working depth to collect fishes in different water layers.
The lifting mechanism 7 comprises a bent column 7.1, a crane 7.2 and a lifting hook 7.3, wherein the bent column 7.1 is arranged at the upper end of the fish collecting pond 2, the crane 7.2 is arranged at the upper end of the bent column 7.1, and the lifting hook 7.3 is movably connected to the crane 7.2 (shown in figures 1, 3, 4, 5 and 7) so as to facilitate lifting or lowering of the fish collecting box.
The escape-proof horn mouth 4 is arranged at the water outlet 2.2 of the fish-collecting pond 2 (as shown in figure 6); the number of the escape-proof bellmouths 4 is one or more, and a plurality of the escape-proof bells 4 are arranged in parallel and/or overlapped (as shown in figures 1,2, 4, 5, 6 and 7), so that the working depth can be flexibly adjusted, fishes in different water layers can be collected, and the fishes can be prevented from escaping.
The escape-proof bell mouth 4 is of a concave structure which extends towards the inside of the fish collecting pond 2 and gradually reduces in cross section, a fish inlet 2.1 is arranged at the end part of the concave structure of the escape-proof bell mouth 4 and is positioned in the fish collecting pond 2, and the escape-proof bell mouth 4 is of a permeable grid structure; the fish inlet 3 is provided with one or more (as shown in fig. 2, 5, 6 and 7), and the escape-preventing horn mouth has the function of forming a one-way passing structure which is easy to enter and difficult to exit for fish, so that the fish can enter the fish collecting pond 2 from the outer side through the escape-preventing horn mouth, and meanwhile, the fish cannot escape from the inside of the fish collecting pond 2 to the outside of the fish collecting box easily.
The tail water platform 10 is arranged at the upper end of the tail water hole/pipe 11 or at the upper end of the tail water channel 8, the lifting mechanism 7 is arranged at the side of the tail water platform 10, and the crane 7.2 is arranged above the side of the tail water platform 10 (as shown in fig. 1); lifting the fish collecting box to a tail horizontal table through a crane;
a water inlet 2.1 is arranged at the side of the fish collecting pond 2 adjacent to the tail water hole/pipe 11; the water outlet 2.2 is arranged on the side of the fish collecting pond 2 far away from the tail water hole/pipe 11 (as shown in figure 6); forming fish-attracting water flow, which is convenient for the fish collection box to collect fish;
the fish blocking facility 5 is arranged at the water inlet 2.1 of the fish collecting pond 2 and is positioned between the side wall of the tail water hole/pipe 11 and the water guide wall 1 or between the side wall of the tail water channel 8 and the water guide wall 1 (shown in figure 6) so as to prevent fish entering the fish collecting box from escaping.
The fish blocking facility 5 is at least one of a fish blocking electrode and a grid; the crane 7.2 is at least one of a portal crane, a bridge crane, a jib crane, a cable crane and an automobile crane (shown in fig. 1 and 6), and has strong applicability.
The fish collection box 6 comprises a water storage baffle 6.1 positioned at the lower end and a water permeable grid 6.2 arranged at the upper end of the water storage baffle 6.1, wherein the water storage baffle 6.1 is provided with a plurality of blocks, the plurality of water storage baffles 6.1 enclose a square water storage structure with an opening at the upper end, a water body with a certain depth is stored through the square water storage structure, and the water depth meeting the requirements of fish can be kept in the box body after the fish collection box rises out of the water surface; lifting lugs 6.3 are arranged on the fish collecting box 6, and the fish collecting box 6 is connected to the lifting mechanism 7 (shown in figure 8) through the lifting lugs 6.3, so that the lifting mechanism is convenient to lift the fish collecting box.
The fish collection box 6 is connected to the lifting hook 7.3 through the lifting lug 6.3; the fish collecting box 6 and the fish collecting pond 2 are connected and positioned in a sliding way through a track or a sliding block, or are connected and positioned through teeth of a gear rack; the fish collecting box 6 and the bent posts 7.1 are connected and positioned in a sliding way through a track or a sliding block, or are connected and positioned through teeth of a gear rack (shown in fig. 1 and 3).
The density condition of the water permeable grating is determined according to the characteristic parameters of the fish gathering target, such as the body length, the body width, the body height and the like. The frame of the fish collecting box 6 is a steel frame.
As can be seen with reference to the accompanying drawings: the invention relates to a fish collecting method of a fish lift device for collecting fish by utilizing tail water of a hydropower station, which comprises the following steps:
step one: under the power generation working condition, a fish blocking facility 5 positioned at the upstream end of the fish collecting pond 2 is started, a water outlet 2.2 of the fish collecting pond 2 is provided with an escape-preventing bell mouth 4 (shown in figure 1), and fish collecting operation is started;
step two: when the power station generates power, the power generation tail water flows in from the water inlet 2.1 of the fish collecting pond 2 and flows out from the water outlet 2.2 (as shown in fig. 6), fish attracting water flow is formed, fish enters the fish collecting pond 2 along the fish inlet 3 under the attraction of the fish attracting water flow, and a proper water flow place is found for rest;
Step three: when enough fish enter the fish-gathering tank 2, the fish-gathering tank 6 is lifted vertically to the tail water platform 10 (shown in fig. 1-5) by the crane 7.2 and the lifting hook 7.3 by the lifting mechanism 7, and is transported through the dam.
Examples
The invention is further described by taking the fish collecting method applied to the tail water pipe of a hydropower station as an embodiment, and the method has the guiding function on the fish collecting of the tail water pipes (holes) of other regions.
The fish lift disclosed by the invention can be built at the outlet of the tail water hole by installing 6 hydropower stations in a southwest area, wherein the single-machine flow is 417m < 3 >/s and is divided into 3 tail water holes, and the fish collection efficiency can be improved by utilizing the power generation tail water to collect fish, so that the construction and operation cost is reduced compared with the traditional technology.
The specific contents are as follows: the water guide wall is arranged on the bottom plate of the tail water channel, is parallel to the outflow direction of the tail water or forms a certain deflection angle, and has the internal width of 4m and the length of 10m;
a water inlet is arranged on one side facing the tail water area, and the width of the water inlet is 2.5m; the fish inlet is positioned on the side of the fish collecting pond close to the river channel and is opposite to the water inlet, and is of two rectangular structures with the width of 2.0m, and the two inlets are separated by 0.6m;
The water inlet is provided with an escape-proof horn mouth, the escape-proof horn mouth adopts a horn mouth which is easy to enter and not easy to exit for fishes, and a grating structure is adopted; each escape-proof horn mouth is 10m in height and can be stacked, and the width of the horn mouth can be adjusted between 0.1m and 0.5 m;
the fish-catching electric fence is arranged at the water inlet of the fish-catching pond to prevent fish in the fish-catching pond from swimming out from the water inlet, and two electrodes of the fish-catching electric fence are respectively arranged at two sides of the water inlet and do not affect water inflow;
The fish collecting box is sunk at the bottom of the fish collecting pond during operation, and fish in the fish collecting pond is collected during lifting operation; the fish collecting box is 3.9m wide, 9.9m long and 1.5m high, a water storage tank is reserved, and only part of water which keeps healthy and alive of fish can be reserved in the lifting type fish collecting box.
According to the invention, the water guide wall is used for guiding the power generation tail water of the factory building into the fish collecting pond, and then the power generation tail water flows out through the two fish inlet openings provided with the escape-preventing horn openings, and the two fish inlet openings are separated by a distance and form different angles with the water inlet direction, so that the outflow flow velocity is different, and the power generation tail water is suitable for fish with different swimming capacities to enter; the water inlet end of the fish collecting pond is provided with a fish blocking electrode, and a fish blocking electric field is formed during operation, so that fish is prevented from escaping from the water inlet end. The flow velocity in the fish collecting pond is slower, so that the fish collecting pond is suitable for resting, and meanwhile, baits can be properly put in the fish collecting pond, so that the fish collecting and attracting efficiency is improved.
Conclusion: the fish gathering effect is higher, and the fish attracting flow is improved by more than hundred times; the operation cost is only the power consumption of the lifting equipment, and can be reduced by one percent compared with the traditional technology.
In order to more clearly explain the advantages of the fish lift device for collecting fish by utilizing the tail water of the hydropower station and the fish collecting method thereof compared with the prior art, workers compare the two technical schemes, and the comparison results are shown in the following table:
As can be seen from the table, the fish lifting machine device and the fish collecting method for collecting fish by utilizing the tail water of the hydropower station are lower in cost and higher in fish collecting efficiency compared with the prior art, and can adjust the working depth to collect fish in different water layers.
Other non-illustrated parts are known in the art.
Claims (1)
1. A fish collecting method of a fish lift device for collecting fish by utilizing tail water of a hydropower station is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the fish lifting device comprises a water guide wall (1), a fish collecting pond (2), a fish collecting box (6) and a lifting mechanism (7), wherein the water guide wall (1) is arranged on a bottom plate of a tail water hole/pipe (11) and a stilling pool, the fish collecting box (6) is directly placed at the final point of fish tracing, namely a factory building tail water pipe or a tail water hole, the fish collecting box (6) is placed at the bottom of the fish collecting pond (2), the fish collecting pond (2) is of a vertical shaft type structure, the fish collecting box (6) is connected with the lifting mechanism (7), the lifting mechanism (7) is arranged on a tail water platform (10) and the fish collecting pond (2), and factory building power generation tail water is guided into the fish collecting pond (2) by the water guide wall (1);
The escape-proof horn mouth (4) is arranged at the water outlet (2.2) of the fish collecting pond (2); the number of the escape-proof horn mouths (4) is multiple, and the escape-proof horn mouths (4) are arranged in parallel and/or are overlapped;
The escape-proof bell mouth (4) is of a concave structure which extends towards the inside of the fish collecting pond (2) and is gradually reduced in cross section, a plurality of fish inlet openings (3) are formed in the end part of the concave structure of the escape-proof bell mouth (4) and are positioned in the fish collecting pond (2);
a water inlet (2.1) is arranged at the side of the fish collecting pond (2) adjacent to the tail water hole/pipe (11); a water outlet (2.2) is arranged at the side of the fish collecting pond (2) far away from the tail water hole/pipe (11);
a fish blocking facility (5) is arranged at the water inlet (2.1) of the fish collecting pond (2) and is positioned between the side wall of the tail water hole/pipe (11) and the water guide wall (1);
the fish collecting pond (2) is positioned between the water inlet (2.1) and the fish inlet (3);
The fish collecting method comprises the following steps:
Step one: under the power generation working condition, a fish blocking facility (5) positioned at the upstream end of the fish collecting pond (2) is started, a water outlet of the fish collecting pond (2) is provided with an escape-preventing horn mouth (4), and fish collecting operation is started;
Step two: when the power station generates power, the power generation tail water flows in from the water inlet (2.1) of the fish collecting pond (2) and flows out from the water outlet (2.2) to form fish attracting water flow, fish enters the fish collecting pond (2) along the fish inlet (3) under the attraction of the fish attracting water flow, and a proper water flow place is found for rest;
Step three: when enough fishes enter the fish collecting pond (2), the fish collecting box (6) is vertically lifted to the tail horizontal platform (10) by the lifting mechanism (7) through the crane (7.2) and the lifting hook (7.3), and is transported through the dam.
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| CN202210217082.XA CN114541312B (en) | 2019-02-22 | 2019-02-22 | Fish collecting method of fish lift device for collecting fish by utilizing tail water of hydropower station |
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| CN201910135313.0A CN109736255B (en) | 2019-02-22 | 2019-02-22 | Fish lifting machine device for collecting fish by utilizing tail water of hydropower station and fish collecting method thereof |
| CN202210217082.XA CN114541312B (en) | 2019-02-22 | 2019-02-22 | Fish collecting method of fish lift device for collecting fish by utilizing tail water of hydropower station |
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| CN201910135313.0A Division CN109736255B (en) | 2019-02-22 | 2019-02-22 | Fish lifting machine device for collecting fish by utilizing tail water of hydropower station and fish collecting method thereof |
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| CN110106823B (en) * | 2019-02-22 | 2023-12-01 | 长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司 | Fish collecting device and method suitable for built hydropower station |
| CN110205995A (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2019-09-06 | 天津天发总厂机电设备有限公司 | Power station tail water recycling treatment device and treatment method |
| CN113356157B (en) * | 2021-06-16 | 2022-06-14 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Fish collecting system and method for collecting fish by utilizing tail water of hydropower station |
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| CN109736255A (en) | 2019-05-10 |
| CN114541312A (en) | 2022-05-27 |
| CN109736255B (en) | 2024-04-05 |
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