RU2307892C1 - Fish pass - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: hydraulic structures, particularly permitting fish passage through support structures to fish hatchery and growth areas.

SUBSTANCE: fish pass comprises fish passing path made as pressure conduit with round cross-section having outlet head connected with upper hydrosystem pool and inlet heat communicated with lower pool thereof. Roughness members made as auger blades are formed on inner surface of pressure conduit and arranged along conduit length. The roughness members create transversal partitions having outer edges, which define swimming-in orifices having axes aligned with that of pressure conduit. Fish passing path rotation drive is made as blades installed on outer surface of pressure conduit and arranged in cylindrical chamber, which is created in dam body and is coaxial to pressure conduit. Pressure conduit journal bearings are arranged from the sides of upper and lower hydrosystem pools and are aligned with inlet and outlet heads. Fish pass is provided with supply waterways, discharge galleries and additional journal bearings. Auger blades are water-permeable and defined by flexible rod rows. Cylindrical chamber diameter exceeds that of through channel adapted to receive pressure conduit. Cylindrical chamber is spaced equal distances from inlet and outlet heads provided with fixed support barrels. The barrels are installed along outer pressure conduit perimeter. End parts of support barrels facing away from dam are provided with central axial swimming-in orifices having diameters less than pressure conduit diameter. Journal bearings thereof are made as cylindrical rollers with horizontal axes of rotation. The axes are fastened to inner end surface of fixed support drums and spaced along outer pressure conduit perimeter. Axes of additional journal bearing rotation extend in vertical plane and extend in radial direction with respect to longitudinal pressure conduit axis. Additional journal bearings are made as cylindrical rollers opposite to end parts of pressure conduit from the sides of inlet and outlet fish passing path ends. Supply waterways are tangentially communicated with upper and lower parts of cylindrical chamber. Working orifices of supply waterways are transversal to fish passing path rotation blades and oriented in the same direction. End parts of supply waterways are communicated with discharge galleries.

EFFECT: improved fish movement conditions in fish passing path.

12 dwg

Description

The invention relates to hydraulic engineering, and in particular to methods and structures intended for passing fish producers through retaining structures to spawning and feeding grounds.

A device for lifting fish [1] is known, including a fish passageway made in the form of a water conduit with a circular cross section, the inlet head of which is connected to a reservoir, and the inlet head - with a tank, a working element for transporting fish, made in the form of a screw, whose axis is coaxial fish passage, inlet.

The disadvantage of this device is the low efficiency of fish promotion in the fish passage tract.

A device for lifting fish [2] is known, including a fish passageway made in the form of a water conduit with a circular cross section, the inlet head of which is connected to a reservoir, and the inlet head - with a tank, a working element for transporting fish, made in the form of a screw, whose axis is coaxial fish passage, inlet.

The disadvantage of this device is the low efficiency of fish promotion in the fish passage tract.

A device for lifting fish [3] is known, including a fish passageway made in the form of a water conduit with a circular cross section, the inlet head of which is connected to a reservoir, and the inlet head - with a tank, a working element for transporting fish, made in the form of a screw, whose axis is coaxial fish passage, inlet.

The disadvantage of this device is the low efficiency of fish promotion in the fish passage tract.

Known fish passage [4], including a fish passage, made in the form of a pressure conduit with a round cross section, the outlet head of which is connected to the upper pool of the hydraulic system, and the input head is connected to the lower pool, reinforced roughness elements discretely located along the length of the fish passage and forming transverse partitions of circular shape, swimming holes.

The disadvantage of this fish passage is the low efficiency of promoting fish in the fish passage.

Known fish passage [5], including a fish passage, made in the form of a pressure conduit with a circular cross section, the output head of which is connected to the upper pool of the hydraulic system, and the input head - to the lower pool, reinforced roughness elements discretely located along the length of the fish passage and forming transverse partitions of circular shape, swimming holes.

The disadvantage of this fish passage is the low efficiency of promoting fish in the fish passage.

Known fish passage [6], including a fish passage, made in the form of a pressure conduit with a circular cross section, the outlet head of which is connected to the upper pool of the hydraulic system, and the inlet head - to the lower pool, reinforced roughness elements located along the length of the fish passage, forming transverse partitions and swim-in holes of circular shape.

The disadvantage of this fish passage is the low efficiency of promoting fish in the fish passage.

Known fish passage [7], including a fish passage, made in the form of a pressure conduit with a circular cross section, the outlet head of which is connected to the upper pool of the hydraulic system, and the inlet head and the lower pool, reinforced roughness elements located along the length of the fish passage, forming transverse partitions and float holes.

The disadvantage of this fish passage is the low efficiency of promoting fish in the fish passage.

Known fish passage [8], including a fish passage, made in the form of a pressure conduit with a circular cross section, the outlet head of which is connected to the upper pool of the hydraulic system, and the input head is connected to the lower pool, reinforced roughness elements located along the length of the fish passage, forming transverse partitions and float holes.

The disadvantage of this fish passage is the low efficiency of promoting fish in the fish passage.

A fish passage [9] is known, including a fish passage, made in the form of a pressure conduit with a circular cross section, the outlet head of which is connected to the upper pool of the hydraulic system, and the inlet head is connected to the lower pool, reinforced roughness elements located along the length of the fish passage, forming transverse partitions and float holes.

The disadvantage of this fish passage is the low efficiency of promoting fish in the fish passage.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a fish passage [10], including a fish passage, made in the form of a pressure conduit with a circular cross section, the outlet head of which is connected to the upper head of the waterworks, and the input head - to the lower head, reinforced roughness elements located on the inner surface of the discharge conduit, in the form of auger blades, along the length of the fish passage and forming transverse partitions, the outer edges of which form swimming holes, coaxial along of the axis of the pressure line, the rotation drive of the fish passage tract, made in the form of blades mounted on the outer surface of the pressure line and placed in a cylindrical chamber made in the body of the dam coaxially to the pressure line, and thrust bearings of the pressure line, installed on the upper and lower sides of the hydraulic system site placement of the input and output heads.

The disadvantage of this fish passage is the low efficiency of promoting fish in the fish passage.

The aim of the invention is to create effective conditions for the promotion of fish in the fish passage tract.

The invention consists in the following.

The supply of the fish passage with supply conduits allows you to submit an additional flow of water for rotation of the pressure conduit.

The presence of discharge galleries allows you to dump the spent additional water flow into the lower pool of the waterworks.

The presence of additional thrust bearings allows to increase the stability of the pressure conduit during its rotation and to reduce the amount of friction-clutch.

The execution of the auger blades with water-permeable and formed by rows of flexible rods allows to improve the hydraulic conditions inside the fish passage and create a flow through its entire live section.

Making the diameter of the cylindrical chamber larger than the diameter of the through channel in which the pressure conduit is located, while the cylindrical chamber is located at an equal distance from the inlet and outlet heads, allows you to create the optimal layout of the rotation drive of the fish passage path.

Supply of the inlet and outlet heads with stationary support drums installed along the outer perimeter of the pressure conduit, and the end parts of the support drums facing away from the dam are made with central axial inlet openings with a diameter smaller than the diameter of the pressure conduit, and its thrust bearings are made in the form of cylindrical rollers with horizontal axes of rotation, which are fixed to the inner end surface of the stationary supporting drums and are located in increments along the outer peri meter pressure head conduit, allows you to create frames of the supporting-running part of the fish passage.

The execution of the axes of rotation of the additional support bearings located in a vertical plane and radially with respect to the longitudinal axis of the pressure conduit, and additional support bearings made in the form of cylindrical rollers mounted opposite the end parts of the pressure conduit, from the input and output heads of the fish passage, can improve conditions for rotation of the fish passage tract.

The connection of the inlet conduits tangentially with the upper and lower parts of the cylindrical chamber, while their working holes are perpendicular to the blades of the drive for rotation of the fish passage and oriented in one direction, allows the maximum use of the excess kinetic energy of the water stream to create torque and drive the fish passage.

The communication of the end sections of the inlet pipelines with the discharge galleries allows you to dump the waste water flow into the downstream.

The solution of this problem is achieved by creating a new design of the fish passage, which allows to increase the efficiency of fish movement along the fish passage path. Graphic material that explains the essence of the invention is presented in the following figures:

figure 1 - fish passage, a longitudinal section;

figure 2 is a cross section of a fish passage;

figure 3 - fish passage tract, plan, circuit diagram of a permeable transverse partition in the form of a screw;

figure 4 - section 1-1 in figure 3;

5 is a section 2-2 in figure 3;

6 is a section 3-3 in figure 3;

Fig.7 is a cross section of a fish passage along a cylindrical chamber;

Fig - input tip of the fish passage, the system of pillow bearings;

Fig.9 is a section aa in Fig.8

figure 10 is a view of the input head from the downstream side;

11 is a fragment of the output tip, a longitudinal section;

Fig.12 is a section bB in Fig.11.

The fish passage includes a fish passage path 1, made in the form of a pressure conduit 2 with a circular cross section, the outlet tip 3 of which is connected to the upper 4 downstream of the hydraulic system, and the inlet tip 5 to the lower 6 downstream, reinforced roughness elements 7 located on the inner surface of the pressure conduit 2 , in the form of auger blades, along the length of the fish passage tract 1 and forming transverse partitions, the outer edges of which form a swimming hole 8, coaxial to the longitudinal axis of the pressure pipe 2, the rotation drive of the fish passage 1, is made in the form of blades 9 mounted on the outer surface of the pressure pipe 2 and placed in a cylindrical chamber 10 made in the body of the dam 11 coaxially to the pressure pipe 2, and the thrust bearings 12 of the pressure pipe 2 installed from the upper 4 and lower 6 of the head of the hydraulic system in the alignment placement of input 5 and output 3 heads.

The fish passage is equipped with inlet conduits 13, discharge galleries 14 and an additional 15 thrust bearings, the screw blades are made water-permeable and formed by rows of flexible rods 16, the diameter of the cylindrical chamber 10 being larger than the diameter of the through channel in which the pressure conduit 2 is located, while the cylindrical chamber 10 is located at an equidistant distance from the input 5 and output 3 of the heads, which are equipped with stationary supporting drums 17, installed on the outer perimeter of the discharge conduit 2, when than the end parts of the supporting drums 17, facing away from the dam 11, are made with central axial inlet holes 18 with a diameter smaller than the diameter of the pressure conduit 2, and its thrust bearings 12 are made in the form of cylindrical rollers with horizontal axes of rotation that are fixed to the inner end surface stationary support drums 17 and are arranged in increments along the outer perimeter of the pressure conduit 2, while the axis of rotation of the additional support bearings 15 are located in a vertical plane and rad in relation to the longitudinal axis of the pressure pipe 2, with additional thrust bearings 15 made in the form of cylindrical rollers mounted opposite the end parts of the pressure pipe 2 from the input 5 and output 3 heads of the fish passage 1, and the supply pipes 13 are tangentially connected to the upper and the lower parts of the cylindrical chamber 10, while their working holes are made perpendicular to the blades 9 of the rotation drive of the fish passage tract 1 and are oriented in one direction, and the end sections of the rootstock Water conduits 13 are in communication with waste galleries 14.

Fish passage works as follows.

The working water flow coming from the top 4 of the pool creates favorable hydraulic conditions inside the fish passage tract 1 and to attract fish to the inlet head 5 against the background of the stream of the lower pool. The fish, being guided by the “train” of speeds that attracts the fish, enters the inlet hole 18 of the fish passage path 1 and begins to gradually move in the direction of the upper pool 4 and gradually overcoming the inlet holes 8 formed by reinforced roughness elements 7 made in the form of flexible rods 16 and located on the inner surface of the pressure conduit 2 in the form of auger blades, along the entire length of the fish passage 1 reaches the outlet head 3, where it goes into the upper tail 4 (figure 1).

During its advancement, the fish has the opportunity to choose routes and speed conditions formed by the inlet openings 8 and flexible rods 16, which act as reinforced roughness elements 7. Due to the constant rotation of the fish passage path 1 around its longitudinal axis, the auger (Fig. 3) of flexible rods 7 promotes active promotion of fish in the direction of the upper 4 pool. First, the fish uses the optomotor reaction and follows the moving flexible rods 7; secondly, since the fish can be in the spaces between the auger blades, its flexible rods 7 stimulate its further advancement in the direction of the output tip 3 and the upper pool 4. This is facilitated by the reverse twist of the screw coils from the flexible rods 7 with respect to the spin direction of the blades 9 of the rotation drive of the fish passage tract 1. Thus, the layout of the screw from the flexible rods 7 simulates their movement in the direction of the upper 4 of the hydraulic system downstream.

The magnitude of the hydraulic resistance to the flow passing through the pressure pipe 2 can be changed by increasing or decreasing the circular speed of rotation of the fish passage 1.

The supply of the fish passage with supply conduits 13 (Fig.7) allows you to apply an additional flow of water to the blades 9 for rotation of the pressure conduit 2.

The presence of discharge galleries 14 allows you to dump the spent additional water flow into the lower 6 head of the waterworks (Fig.7).

The presence of additional thrust bearings 15 (Fig. 8) improves the stability of the pressure conduit 2 during its rotation and reduces the amount of friction-clutch.

The execution of the auger blades with water-permeable and formed rows of flexible rods 7 allows to improve the hydraulic conditions inside the fish passage tract 1 and to create a flow through its entire live section.

The diameter of the cylindrical chamber 10 is larger than the diameter of the through channel of the dam 11, in which the pressure conduit 2 is located, while the cylindrical chamber 10 is located at an equidistant distance from the input 5 and output 3 heads, allows you to create the optimal layout of the rotation drive of the fish passage path 1.

Supply of input 5 and output 3 heads with stationary supporting drums 17 installed along the outer perimeter of pressure conduit 2 (Figs. 9 and 10), and the end parts of supporting drums 17 facing away from dam 11 are made with central axial inlet openings 18 (Fig. .8) with a diameter smaller than the diameter of the discharge conduit 2, and its thrust bearings 12 are made in the form of cylindrical rollers with horizontal axes of rotation, which are fixed to the inner end surface of the stationary supporting drums 17 and located s with a step along the outer perimeter of the pressure conduit 2, to create a support-frames Coil fish ladder.

The execution of the axis of rotation of the additional 15 thrust bearings located in a vertical plane and radially with respect to the longitudinal axis of the pressure conduit 2 (Fig. 8 and 10), and the additional 15 thrust bearings are made in the form of cylindrical rollers mounted opposite the end parts of the pressure conduit 2, with side of the input 5 and output 3 of the ends of the fish passage 1, improves the conditions for rotation of the fish passage 1.

The connection of the inlet conduits 13 tangentially with the upper and lower parts of the cylindrical chamber 10 (Fig. 7), while their working holes are made perpendicular to the blades 9 of the rotation drive of the fish passage tract 1 and are oriented in one direction, allows the maximum use of the excess kinetic energy of the water flow for create torque and drive fish passage 1.

The proposed fish passage allows you to create equiprobable conditions for the promotion and rest of fish caught in its inner space.

Information sources

1. Canadian Patent (CA) No. 1093400, "Apparatus for catching and lifting live fish", IPC A01K 61/00, A01K 63/00, A01K 79/00. Faivre Claude, 1981.01.13

2. US patent (US) No. 4932149, "Fish lifting device", IPC A01K 71/00. Roger C. Coleman, Douglas W. Gorrie, 1990, June 12

3. US patent (US) No. 4217718, "Apparatus for catching and lifting live fish", IPC A01K 79/00. Faivre Claude, 1980, August 19

4. A.S. USSR (SU) No. 1500723. "Fish passage". IPC Е02В 8/08. Authors: Davydov V.D., Nemchenko T.A., Publ. Bull. No. 30, 1989.08.15.

5. A.S. USSR (SU) No. 1709008. "Fish passage". IPC Е02В 8/08. Authors: Davydov V.D., Nemchenko T.A., Publ. Bull. No. 4, 1992.01.30.

6. Australian Patent (AU) No. 6011094, "Pipe for fishway", IPC E02B 8/08. Hisato Sugawara, 1995, May 29

7. Patent WO No. 95/13430, "Pipe for fishway", IPC E02B 8/08. Sugawara Hisato, 1995, May 18

8. French Patent (FR) No. 2734850, "Tonnel ou chenal a poissons", IPC E02B 8/08. Berthelon Bernard Joseph, 1996, December 6

9. French Patent (FR) No. 2736949, "Tonnel a poissons", IPC E02B 8/08. Berthelon Bernard Joseph, 1997, January 24

10. A.S. USSR (SU) No. 658212. "Fish passage". IPC Е02В 8/08. Author: Cherkasov G.N., Publ. Bull. No. 15, 1979.04.25.

Claims (1)

A fish passage, including a fish passage tract, made in the form of a pressure conduit with a circular cross section, the outlet head of which is connected to the upper head of the hydraulic system, and the inlet head - to the lower head, reinforced roughness elements located on the inner surface of the pressure conduit in the form of auger blades along the length of the auger the path and the forming transverse partitions, the outer edges of which form swimming holes coaxial with the longitudinal axis of the pressure conduit, a drive for the rotation of the fish passage path, made in the form blades mounted on the outer surface of the pressure conduit and placed in a cylindrical chamber made coaxially to the pressure conduit in the body of the dam, and thrust bearings of the pressure conduit installed on the side of the upper and lower water system in the alignment of the input and output heads, characterized in that it is equipped inlet ducts, discharge galleries and additional thrust bearings, the screw blades are made water-permeable and formed by rows of flexible rods, the diameter of the cylinder The main chamber is made larger than the diameter of the through channel in which the pressure conduit is located, while the cylindrical chamber is located at an equidistant distance from the inlet and outlet heads, which are equipped with stationary support drums installed along the outer perimeter of the pressure conduit, with the end parts of the support drums facing to the side from the dam, made with central axial inlet openings with a diameter smaller than the diameter of the pressure conduit, and its thrust bearings are made in the form of qi index rollers with horizontal axes of rotation, which are fixed on the inner end surface of the stationary supporting drums and are arranged in increments along the outer perimeter of the pressure conduit, while the axis of rotation of the additional support bearings are located in a vertical plane and radially with respect to the longitudinal axis of the pressure conduit, with additional supporting bearings are made in the form of cylindrical rollers mounted opposite the end parts of the pressure conduit from the input and output sides the ends of the fish passage tract, and the supply water ducts are tangentially connected to the upper and lower parts of the cylindrical chamber, while their working openings are perpendicular to the rotor blades of the fish passage tract and oriented in one direction, and the end sections of the supply water ducts are in communication with discharge galleries.

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