CN114525682A - 一种床垫面料用载银长效水基抗菌防螨剂及其制备和使用方法 - Google Patents

一种床垫面料用载银长效水基抗菌防螨剂及其制备和使用方法 Download PDF

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CN114525682A
CN114525682A CN202210049770.XA CN202210049770A CN114525682A CN 114525682 A CN114525682 A CN 114525682A CN 202210049770 A CN202210049770 A CN 202210049770A CN 114525682 A CN114525682 A CN 114525682A
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张艳
沈利铭
孙芳利
王慧
张婷
王东岳
王继业
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Xilinmen Furniture Co Ltd
Zhejiang A&F University ZAFU
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种床垫面料用载银长效水基抗菌防螨剂及其制备和使用方法。按重量份数计,水基抗菌防螨剂包括如下原料:壳聚糖5~9份、水性环氧树脂1~5份、硝酸银0.001~0.1份、水190~323份;将原料按配比混合均匀得到稳定的水分散体系,使用时可选用喷涂、浸渍或浸轧的方式处理床垫纤维面料。本发明选用原料安全环保,工艺过程简单,反应条件温和,以壳聚糖和水性环氧树脂形成的交联互穿网络能够很好的包覆粘结于纤维表面,作为载体将银离子或纳米银牢固键合并局限其中,以达到控制释放和持久抗菌防螨的作用,同时该树脂基网络具有一定的吸汗吸湿作用,能够保持面料的干燥舒适,抑制细菌和螨虫滋长。

Description

一种床垫面料用载银长效水基抗菌防螨剂及其制备和使用 方法
技术领域
本发明属于抗菌防螨技术领域,尤其涉及一种床垫面料用载银长效水基抗菌防螨剂及其制备和使用方法。
背景技术
睡眠是人们日常生活中不可或缺的一部分,人生三分之一的时间是在睡眠中度过,“健康睡眠”至关重要。随着经济的发展和生活水平的提高,人们越来越重视床垫材料特别是面料的美观、舒适和功能性。面料层是床垫最外面的一层,尽管床垫面料之上通常会铺上床单甚至被褥,床垫面料没有直接和人体接触,但人在睡眠过程中会排出汗液,这些汗液大部分还是会被床垫吸收。传统床垫面料多以涤纶为原料,吸湿透气性不好,不能有效吸收人体分泌的物质,容易滋生细菌和螨虫,这不仅会造成织物本身的脆损,更使得舒适性大打折扣,进而会影响睡眠质量,甚至会对人体造成伤害。提高床垫面料的抗菌防螨性能是达到“健康睡眠”的重要手段。
尽管目前有关床垫材料的抗菌防螨技术取得了一定的进展,但仍存在抗菌防螨剂容易溢出,安全性不足和持效性欠佳的问题。采用安全环保的处理剂及简单的工艺处理纺织面料,达到持久抗菌和防螨的功能仍是目前亟需解决的问题。
本发明以绿色环保、相容性和反应性较好的壳聚糖、水性环氧树脂和低含量硝酸银为原料制备得到水基制剂,处理床垫纤维面料工艺操作简单,反应条件温和,可大规模生成和应用;环氧树脂本身具有很好的粘结性,以壳聚糖上的氨基和羟基与环氧树脂发生开环反应形成的交联互穿网络能够很好的包覆粘结于纤维表面,作为载体将银离子或经羟基还原的纳米银牢固键合并局限其中,可以达到持久抗菌防螨的作用;此外,包覆于纤维表面的树脂基网络结构具有一定的吸汗吸湿作用,能够保持面料的干燥舒适,抑制细菌和螨虫的滋长。
发明内容
为了解决背景技术中的问题,本发明提供了一种床垫面料用载银长效水基抗菌防螨剂及其制备和使用方法,通过本发明方法制备得到的抗菌防螨剂为稳定的水分散体系,可以持久抗菌和防螨。
本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一、一种床垫面料用载银长效水基抗菌防螨剂
所述抗菌防螨剂主要由壳聚糖、水性环氧树脂、硝酸银和水组成,其中各组分重量比为:
Figure BDA0003473579840000021
其中,所述壳聚糖为高脱乙酰度(大于90%)壳聚糖,其分子中含有大量的氨基和羟基基团,能够与水性环氧树脂具有较好的相容性和反应活性;
壳聚糖是一种从虾蟹壳中提取的天然多糖,可生物降解,降解产物无毒无害,本身具有抗菌性和良好的生物相容性;
其中,所述水性环氧树脂为基于聚乙二醇改性制备的水性环氧树脂,该水性环氧树脂柔韧性较好且与壳聚糖具有较好的相容性;
所述的水性环氧树脂的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)聚乙二醇与环氧预聚体等摩尔配比混合后,于130~170℃下搅拌反应1~3小时得到聚乙二醇改性的环氧树脂;
(2)将聚乙二醇改性的环氧树脂与环氧预聚体于50℃下搅拌混合均匀,逐滴加水后得到固含量为30%~60%的水性环氧树脂;
二、一种床垫面料用载银长效水基抗菌防螨剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将壳聚糖溶解于1%的稀醋酸水溶液中,与50℃条件下搅拌2小时,得到澄清透明的壳聚糖水溶液;
(2)在避光条件下,将硝酸银粉末溶于去离子水中,搅拌均匀得到硝酸银溶液;
(3)在避光条件下,将水性环氧树脂、壳聚糖及硝酸银水溶液于常温下机械搅拌2小时混合均匀,即制得到床垫面料用载银长效抗菌防螨剂;
三、抗菌防螨剂的应用
使用时先选用喷涂、浸渍或浸轧的方式处理床垫纤维面料,然后将其置于60-120℃的条件下反应。
根据标准GB/T 20944.3-2008(纺织品抗菌性能的评价第三部分:振荡法)对床垫面料进行抗菌性能测试;根据标准GB/T 24253-2009(纺织品防螨性能的评价)对床垫面料进行防螨性能测试。
本发明的有益效果:
1)本发明的抗菌防螨剂制备原料主要为壳聚糖、水性环氧树脂、银离子、水,壳聚糖和水性环氧树脂可以在水中均匀混合,壳聚糖上含有氨基和羟基等活性基团,可以与水性环氧树脂发生交联反应,二者具有较好的相容性和反应性。
2)本发明所制备的抗菌防螨剂为水基制剂,水基制剂中各组分协同作用效果明显,基于聚乙二醇改性制备的水性环氧树脂柔韧性较好,能够与壳聚糖发生反应形成交联网络包覆粘结于纤维表面,且该网络可作为载体将银离子或经羟基还原的纳米银牢固键合并局限其中,以达到控制药剂释放和持久抗菌防螨的作用;纤维表面的树脂基交联网络具有一定的吸汗吸湿作用,能够保持面料的干燥舒适,抑制细菌和螨虫滋长。
3)本发明的水基抗菌防螨剂,安全环保,稳定性高,在一个月的观察时间内均能保持性能稳定;能够通过喷涂、浸渍或浸轧的方式处理床垫纤维面料,工艺过程简单,反应条件温和,可以大规模生产和应用。
附图说明
图1a为实施例1制备的抗菌防螨剂试样图。
图1b为实施例1制备的抗菌防螨剂于室温下静置72小时后的试样图。
图1c为实施例1制备的抗菌防螨剂经低温冷冻后的试样图。
图1d为实施例1制备的抗菌防螨剂经低温冷冻和加热解冻处理后的试样图。
图2为空白面料和实施例1中抗菌防螨剂处理后床垫面料的抗金黄色葡萄球菌图,(a)为空白面料,(b)为经实施例1的抗菌防螨剂处理后的面料。
图3为空白面料和实施例1中抗菌防螨剂处理后床垫面料的抗大肠杆菌图,(a)为空白面料,(b)为经实施例1的抗菌防螨剂处理后的面料。
图4为抗菌防螨剂处理后面料于水中经振荡处理24小时的效果图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明:
实施例1:
抗菌防螨剂组成:
Figure BDA0003473579840000031
Figure BDA0003473579840000041
(1)将聚乙二醇与环氧预聚体(环氧树脂)按照等摩尔配比于130℃下搅拌反应3小时,得到聚乙二醇改性的环氧树脂;将聚乙二醇改性的环氧树脂与环氧预聚体(环氧树脂)于50℃下搅拌均匀并缓慢滴加去离子水,得到重量分数为60%的水性环氧树脂;将壳聚糖固体粉末浸于1%的醋酸水溶液中,于50℃下机械搅拌数小时,直到得到澄清透明的壳聚糖水溶液;在避光条件下,将硝酸银粉末机械搅拌下溶于去离子水中,得到质量浓度为2%的硝酸银溶液;在避光条件下,按照溶质重量份数占比将壳聚糖8份、水性环氧树脂2份、硝酸银0.05份和去离子水290份置于三口烧瓶中,于常温下机械搅拌2小时混合均匀,即制得床垫面料用载银长效抗菌防螨剂;
其中,聚乙二醇分子量为6000,环氧预聚体为双酚A型环氧树脂E-51。
其中,聚乙二醇改性的环氧树脂与环氧预聚体的重量份数比为28:72。
(2)将床垫面料浸入步骤(1)制备的抗菌防螨水剂中浸渍处理1小时,采用60℃到80℃,再到120℃的阶梯热处理方式使抗菌防螨药剂反应粘结于纤维表面。
(3)采用室温静置和冻融处理的方法测试所制备抗菌防螨剂的稳定性;根据标准GB/T 20944.3-2008(纺织品抗菌性能的评价第三部分:振荡法)对床垫面料进行抗菌性能测试;根据标准GB/T 24253-2009(纺织品防螨性能的评价)对床垫面料进行防螨性能测试。
实施例2:
抗菌防螨剂组成:
Figure BDA0003473579840000042
(1)将聚乙二醇与环氧预聚体按照等摩尔配比于130℃下搅拌反应3小时,得到聚乙二醇改性的环氧树脂;将聚乙二醇改性的环氧树脂与环氧预聚体于50℃下搅拌均匀并缓慢滴加去离子水,得到重量分数为60%的水性环氧树脂;将壳聚糖固体粉末浸于1%的醋酸水溶液中,于50℃下机械搅拌数小时,直到得到澄清透明的壳聚糖水溶液;在避光条件下,将硝酸银粉末机械搅拌下溶于去离子水中,得到质量浓度为2%的硝酸银溶液;在避光条件下,按照溶质重量份数占比将壳聚糖5份、水性环氧树脂5份、硝酸银0.05份和去离子水190份置于三口烧瓶中,于常温下机械搅拌2小时混合均匀,即制得到床垫面料用载银长效抗菌防螨剂;
(2)将床垫面料浸入步骤(1)制备的抗菌防螨水剂中浸渍处理1小时,采用60℃到80℃,再到120℃的阶梯热处理方式使抗菌防螨药剂反应粘结于纤维表面。
(3)采用室温静置和冻融处理的方法测试所制备抗菌防螨剂的稳定性;根据标准GB/T 20944.3-2008(纺织品抗菌性能的评价第三部分:振荡法)度对床垫面料进行抗菌性能测试;根据标准GB/T 24253-2009(纺织品防螨性能的评价)对床垫面料进行防螨性能测试。
实施例3:
抗菌防螨剂组成:
Figure BDA0003473579840000051
(1)将聚乙二醇与环氧预聚体按照等摩尔配比于130℃下搅拌反应3小时,得到聚乙二醇改性的环氧树脂;将聚乙二醇改性的环氧树脂与环氧预聚体于50℃下搅拌均匀并缓慢滴加去离子水,得到重量分数为60%的水性环氧树脂;将壳聚糖固体粉末浸于1%的醋酸水溶液中,于50℃下机械搅拌数小时,直到得到澄清透明的壳聚糖水溶液;在避光条件下,将硝酸银粉末机械搅拌下溶于去离子水中,得到质量浓度为2%的硝酸银溶液;在避光条件下,按照溶质重量份数占比将壳聚糖8份、水性环氧树脂2份、硝酸银0.1份和去离子水323份置于三口烧瓶中,于常温下机械搅拌2小时混合均匀,即制得到床垫面料用载银长效抗菌防螨剂;
(2)将床垫面料浸入步骤(1)制备的抗菌防螨水剂中浸渍处理1小时,采用60℃到80℃,再到120℃的阶梯热处理方式使抗菌防螨药剂反应粘结于纤维表面。
(3)采用室温静置和冻融处理的方法测试所制备抗菌防螨剂的稳定性;根据标准GB/T 20944.3-2008(纺织品抗菌性能的评价第三部分:振荡法)度对床垫面料进行抗菌性能测试;根据标准GB/T 24253-2009(纺织品防螨性能的评价)对床垫面料进行防螨性能测试。
实施例4:
抗菌防螨剂组成:
Figure BDA0003473579840000061
(1)将聚乙二醇与环氧预聚体按照等摩尔配比于130℃下搅拌反应3小时,得到聚乙二醇改性的环氧树脂;将聚乙二醇改性的环氧树脂与环氧预聚体于50℃下搅拌均匀并缓慢滴加去离子水,得到重量分数为60%的水性环氧树脂;将壳聚糖固体粉末浸于1%的醋酸水溶液中,于50℃下机械搅拌数小时,直到得到澄清透明的壳聚糖水溶液;在避光条件下,将硝酸银粉末机械搅拌下溶于去离子水中,得到质量浓度为2%的硝酸银溶液;在避光条件下,按照溶质重量份数占比将壳聚糖8份、水性环氧树脂2份、硝酸银0.001份和去离子水190份置于三口烧瓶中,于常温下机械搅拌2小时混合均匀,即制得到床垫面料用载银长效抗菌防螨剂;
(2)将床垫面料浸入步骤(1)制备的抗菌防螨水剂中浸渍处理1小时,采用60℃到80℃,再到120℃的阶梯热处理方式使抗菌防螨药剂反应粘结于纤维表面。
(3)采用室温静置和冻融处理的方法测试所制备抗菌防螨剂的稳定性;根据标准GB/T 20944.3-2008(纺织品抗菌性能的评价第三部分:振荡法)度对床垫面料进行抗菌性能测试;根据标准GB/T 24253-2009(纺织品防螨性能的评价)对床垫面料进行防螨性能测试。
实验结果:
本发明对实施例1-4中抗菌防螨剂的稳定性、床垫面料的抗菌和防螨性能进行测试表征。为了更清楚的显示实验结果,此处展示实施例1所得实验数据图,结合测试图对实施例1、2、3和4的测试结果进行描述。
1)抗菌防螨水基制剂稳定性测试
如图1a所示为按照实施例1制备的抗菌防螨剂。其中,图1b为抗菌防螨剂于室温下静置72小时后拍摄图片,可见经长时间静置后并未发现分层现象产生,表明通过实施例1方案制备的水基制剂稳定性较好;同时进一步采用冻融的方法考察抗菌防螨剂的稳定性,由图1c和1d可见,经低温冷冻和加热解冻处理后,水基制剂并未出现破乳和分层的现象。由此可见,通过实施例1制备的抗菌防螨水基制剂具有较好的稳定性,便于储存和对纤维面料的处理。
采用室温静置和冻融观察的方法测试实施2-4的抗菌防螨剂的稳定性,得到与实施例1同样的结果,经过72小时静置和冻融处理,均未观察到水基制剂的分层和破乳现象,表明实例2-4所制备的抗菌防螨剂具有较好的稳定性,便于储存和对纤维面料的处理。
2)空白面料和抗菌防螨剂处理面料的抗菌和防螨性能测试
根据标准GB/T 20944.3-2008(纺织品抗菌性能的评价第三部分:振荡法)对床垫面料进行抗菌性能测试;分别以金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌为菌种,将空白面料与处理面料置于含有一定浓度菌液的烧瓶中,该菌液浓度使用紫外-可见分光光度计进行菌落数测定,制作三个平行试样,保证数据的可靠性。使用恒温振荡器在37℃对烧瓶进行振荡,使得样品与菌液充分接触,模拟织物面料与人体和外界环境充分接触的状态。图2和3分别为观测到的金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的菌落生长情况。未经处理面料(即空白面料)经培养后观察到明显的金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌菌落的生长(图2a和3a),表明未经处理的面料不具备抗菌性能;而经过抗菌防螨试剂处理后的面料,未观察到菌落的产生(图2b和3b)。由此可见,经实施例1抗菌防螨剂处理后面料具有很好的抗金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌效果。同样,经实施例2-4抗菌防螨剂处理的面料也未观察到菌落的产生,可见经实施例2-4抗菌防螨剂处理后面料具有很好的抗金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌效果。经本发明的抗菌防螨剂处理后面料抑菌率均可达到99%以上,具有较强的抑菌杀菌效果。
根据标准GB/T 24253-2009(纺织品防螨性能的评价)对床垫面料进行防螨性能测试,实验螨虫为尘螨,结果表明其螨虫抑制率大于95%,具有较强的防螨效果。
3)抗菌防螨剂处理面料的其他性能测试
图4为抗菌防螨剂处理后面料置于水中于室温下振荡处理24h后效果图。结果表明振荡前后三角瓶中水始终呈现出澄清透明的状态,未见抗菌防螨剂的脱落现象,表明抗菌防螨剂与面料纤维有较好的界面粘结性,持效性较好。且通过浸水实验发现抗菌防螨剂固化交联后具有一定的吸水性,从而处理面料后将具备吸汗吸湿的作用。

Claims (6)

1.一种床垫面料用载银长效水基抗菌防螨剂,其特征在于:按重量份数计,包括如下原料:
Figure FDA0003473579830000011
其中,所述壳聚糖为高脱乙酰度壳聚糖;
其中,所述水性环氧树脂为基于聚乙二醇改性制备的水性环氧树脂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种床垫面料用载银长效水基抗菌防螨剂,其特征在于:所述壳聚糖的脱乙酰度大于90%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种床垫面料用载银长效水基抗菌防螨剂,其特征在于:所述的水性环氧树脂的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)聚乙二醇与环氧预聚体等摩尔配比混合后,于130~170℃下搅拌反应1~3小时得到聚乙二醇改性的环氧树脂;
(2)将聚乙二醇改性的环氧树脂与环氧预聚体搅拌混合均匀,逐滴加水后得到固含量为30%~60%的水性环氧树脂。
4.采用权利要求1~3任一所述的床垫面料用载银长效水基抗菌防螨剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将壳聚糖溶解于质量分数为1%的稀醋酸水溶液中,于50℃条件下搅拌2小时,得到澄清透明的壳聚糖水溶液;
(2)在避光条件下,将硝酸银粉末溶于去离子水中,搅拌均匀得到硝酸银水溶液;
(3)在避光条件下,将水性环氧树脂、壳聚糖及硝酸银水溶液于常温下机械搅拌2小时混合均匀,即制得床垫面料用载银长效水基抗菌防螨剂。
5.采用权利要求1~3任一所述的床垫面料用载银长效水基抗菌防螨剂的使用方法,其特征在于,水基抗菌防螨剂通过喷涂、浸渍或浸轧的方式对床垫纤维面料进行处理,然后对床垫纤维面料进行阶梯热处理,使抗菌防螨剂反应粘结于纤维表面。
6.根据权利要求5所述的床垫面料用载银长效水基抗菌防螨剂的使用方法,其特征在于,阶梯热处理的加热方式为:先从60℃升温至80℃,再从80℃升温至120℃。
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2000199177A (ja) * 1999-01-07 2000-07-18 Teijin Ltd 抗菌・防ダニ性繊維
CN103705969A (zh) * 2014-01-02 2014-04-09 东华大学 壳聚糖基载银复合抗菌型超细纤维膜的制备方法
CN113564915A (zh) * 2021-07-29 2021-10-29 安徽唯诗杨信息科技有限公司 一种离子抗菌防螨蓄热织物及其加工工艺

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2000199177A (ja) * 1999-01-07 2000-07-18 Teijin Ltd 抗菌・防ダニ性繊維
CN103705969A (zh) * 2014-01-02 2014-04-09 东华大学 壳聚糖基载银复合抗菌型超细纤维膜的制备方法
CN113564915A (zh) * 2021-07-29 2021-10-29 安徽唯诗杨信息科技有限公司 一种离子抗菌防螨蓄热织物及其加工工艺

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