CN111593563A - 一种涤纶/氨纶混纺高弹性抗菌针织面料的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种涤纶/氨纶混纺高弹性抗菌针织面料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111593563A CN111593563A CN202010365916.2A CN202010365916A CN111593563A CN 111593563 A CN111593563 A CN 111593563A CN 202010365916 A CN202010365916 A CN 202010365916A CN 111593563 A CN111593563 A CN 111593563A
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- antibacterial
- terylene
- knitted fabric
- spandex blended
- fabric
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种涤纶/氨纶混纺高弹性抗菌针织面料的制备方法。该方法包括:将复合抗菌剂、交联剂、含有活性基团的粘着剂、引发剂和水混合,搅拌,得到整理液,将涤纶/氨纶混纺针织面料浸扎该整理液中,预烘,焙烘。该方法简单易行,对设备无特殊要求,利用常规的染整设备就可进行大规模生产,具有广阔的应用前景;制备得到的面料具有优异的抗菌效果、较好的耐洗性和亲水性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于抗菌面料的制备领域,特别涉及一种涤纶/氨纶混纺高弹性抗菌针织面料的制备方法。
背景技术
涤纶因具有诸多优良的物理和化学性能被广泛应用于服装面料以及工业领域,从而发展为合成纤维中的三大主力纤维之一。涤纶面料自问世以来,以其悬垂性好、强度高、挺括而在纺织业得到较好的应用。然而,随着科学技术的进步和生活水平的提高,人们对服装的要求也越来越高了,不但要具有舒适性,还要具有功能性,面料就向轻、柔、功能性方向发展。但是,作为纺织材料,聚酯纤维存在弹性差等明显的缺点。因此,将涤纶与弹性氨纶混纺,并通过针织的方式制备出的涤纶/氨纶混纺高弹性针织面料,在纺织领域具有极大的应用前景。
由于针织面料表面具有疏松多孔的结构,容易吸附由人体新陈代谢而产生的汗水等污物,从而极易在面料表面和内部产生适合细菌、真菌等对人体健康不利的微生物繁殖的微环境。某些微生物会在这些面料表面迅速繁殖,导致刺激性气味的释放、面料强力下降、疾病的传播等不利影响。因此为了防止面料被微生物污染,保障穿着者的身体健康,开发具有优异抗菌能力的涤纶/氨纶混纺高弹性针织面料具有重要的意义。
目前,抗菌面料的制备方法可大致分为如下两种:一种是采用抗菌纤维直接织成抗菌面料,即原液法,该方法通过向纺丝液中加入抗菌母粒,采用合适的纺丝工艺制备具有抗菌性能的纤维;另一种是通过后处理加工把抗菌剂固接在纤维上,即后整理法。目前在纺织品的抗菌加工中,后处理整理方法约占70%。这是因为原液法制备抗菌纤维的生产过程比较复杂,而采用后整理法经过特殊抗菌工艺处理的抗菌面料有抗菌针对性强、抗菌种类多等特点。同时,抗菌后整理加工方法是用具有一定耐洗性能的抗菌剂对面料进行整理,使抗菌剂能够附着在面料上,根据抗菌剂的种类和加工方法的不同,可得溶出性和非溶出性面料,由于后者安全性好,抗菌效果好,广谱抗菌,其生产应用逐渐增加。
抗菌材料一般分为有机小分子、无机金属离子和半导体光催化剂型三大类。有机抗菌材料存在耐热性差、持久性不足等缺陷,光催化抗菌材料存在对紫外光依赖性、光利用率等问题也受到应用限制。金属离子型特别是银系抗菌材料因具有良好的耐热性和光谱抗菌性、安全性、耐光性和化学稳定性等优势而受到人们的青睐,但是其成本较高。
在公开的报道中,有关涤纶/氨纶混纺高弹性针织面料的报道不多,其中大部分涉及的是聚酯纤维原液法改性工艺的探讨。
中国专利CN201510866734.2公开了一种基于载银磷酸锆的抗菌聚酯纤维及其制备方法,该制备方法包括:制备载银磷酸锆纳米粉体;将载银磷酸锆纳米粉体、对苯二甲酸和二元醇加入聚酯反应釜中,原位聚合制备载银磷酸锆抗菌聚酯,采用熔体直纺制备基于载银磷酸锆的抗菌聚酯纤维。该方法制备的纤维虽然具有较好的抗菌效果,但制备成本较高,且所得纤维由于具有磷酸锆的存在对后续的染色加工具有一定不利的影响。
中国专利CN201811552272.7公开了一种甲壳素聚酯纤维,该纤维制备方法是通过将聚酯切片、壳聚糖、改性剂、调节剂按照一定的比列混合,然后通过熔融纺丝制得具有抗菌性能的纤维。通过该方法制备的抗菌纤维虽然具有较好的抗菌能力,但是由于壳聚糖具有一定的可降解性能,因此在长时间使用过程中,纤维会因为内部壳聚糖的降解而导致其强力下降,甚至发生纤维断裂,极大的影响服饰的穿着耐久性。
综上所述,以后整理工艺制备一种涤纶/氨纶混纺高弹性抗菌针织面料,且抗菌整理工艺满足环保、高效、对纤维损伤不大等要求具有重大意义。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种涤纶/氨纶混纺高弹性抗菌针织面料的制备方法,以克服现有技术中抗菌面料制备复杂以及耐久性差等缺陷。
本发明提供一种涤纶/氨纶混纺抗菌针织面料的制备方法,包括:
(1)将复合抗菌剂、交联剂、含有活性基团的粘着剂、引发剂和水以重量比1~10∶1~5∶1~10:0.01~0.02∶75~95混合,搅拌,得到整理液,其中复合抗菌剂为:质量比10~30:20~45:10~30:1~10的季铵盐类抗菌剂、壳聚糖、多胍类抗菌剂和金属盐类抗菌剂;
(2)将涤纶/氨纶混纺针织面料浸扎步骤(1)的整理液中,预烘,焙烘,得到涤纶/氨纶混纺抗菌针织面料。
所述步骤(1)中季铵盐类抗菌剂为3-(三甲氧基硅烷基)丙基二甲基十八烷基氯化铵。
所述步骤(1)中多胍类抗菌剂为十二烷基胍、聚六亚甲基双胍中的至少一种。
所述步骤(1)中金属盐类抗菌剂为氯化锌。
所述步骤(1)中交联剂包括:双官能团的小分子物质或者多官能团的大分子物质。
所述步骤(1)中交联剂包括乙二胺、三乙胺、戊二醛、交联剂EH、交联剂FH中的一种或者几种。
所述步骤(1)中含有活性基团的粘着剂为海藻酸钠、羧甲基纤维素、聚多巴胺中的一种或者几种。
所述步骤(1)中引发剂包括过硫酸铵或过硫酸钾。
所述步骤(2)中浸扎的工艺参数为:三浸三轧,面料的带液率为60~80%。
所述步骤(2)中预烘的工艺参数为:红外线预烘或者热风烘干,预烘温度为90~120℃,预烘时间20~50s。
所述步骤(2)中焙烘温度为100~130℃,焙烘时间为10~120s。
本发明还提供一种上述方法制备得到的涤纶/氨纶混纺抗菌针织面料。
本发明还提供一种上述方法制备得到的涤纶/氨纶混纺抗菌针织面料的应用。
本发明采用多种抗菌剂以一定的比例复合制得复配抗菌剂,综合利用不同抗菌剂之间的协同作用增强复配抗菌剂的抗菌效果。且选择的抗菌剂均不会对人体产生不利的影响。由于后整理工艺中需要高温焙烘,因此,所选择的所有整理剂中均不含有酯基以及酰胺基等一些高温极易水解的基团。
本发明的原理为:
季铵盐作为一种比较高效的防腐剂和消毒剂被人们广泛的应用到多种领域,例如医院消毒、食品防腐、纺织品整理剂等。季铵盐对革兰阳性、革兰阴性、真菌以及一些种类的病毒等微生物均能起作用。季铵盐的杀菌效果与它的烷基链长度和自身所包含的阳离子基团数有很大关系,烷基链越长,阳离子基团数越多,其杀菌效果越好。由于微生物细胞壁含有带负电的脂质成分,季铵盐上的正电季铵基团能和细胞壁作用,破坏其细胞结构,导致细胞内的蛋白失去活性。季铵盐也能影响微生物的DNA,导致其不能增值,造成细胞死亡。
胍存在于蛋白、核酸、链霉素等天然产物及甜菜、稻壳、蘑菇和豆类等多种植物中,人和动物体内也含有微量的胍,但游离胍很不稳定,易吸收空气中的二氧化碳生成碳酸胍,所以胍通常以胍盐的形式稳定存在。胍盐是胍基化合物中的一个重要组成部分,能衍生为种类繁多的胍基衍生物,这些衍生物具有很好的抗菌性能。
细菌由细胞壁、细胞膜、细胞质和细胞核构成,细胞壁和细胞膜由磷脂双分子层组成,带负电荷。细菌生存和繁殖的最佳条件是中性或弱碱性环境。当细菌与阳离子化合物处理的面料接触时,带负电荷的细菌会被面料上的阳离子所吸引,从而束缚细菌的活动自由,抑制其呼吸机能,即发生“接触死亡”。另外,细菌在电场引力的作用下,细胞壁和细胞膜上的负电荷分布不均匀造成变形,发生物理性破裂,使细胞的内脏物如水、蛋白质等渗出体外,发生“细菌溶体”现象而死亡。
胍的水合物是一种碱性、与氢氧化钠相当的一元有机碱。胍离子与酸根离子结合可成胍盐。有机胍化合物应用最广泛的还是作为杀菌剂,其对菌类的影响是多方面的,通常通过影响细菌的生长分裂、孢子萌发并产生呼吸受到抑制、细胞膨胀、细胞质体的瓦解和细胞壁的破坏等不正常现象,从而达到抑制或杀死细菌的目的。胍基化合物具有很高的活性,溶于水后带正电荷,故容易吸附在带负电荷的微生物表面,阻碍细胞溶菌酶作用,使细胞表层结构变性而破坏,从而抑制细菌繁殖。
金属颗粒的杀菌能力普遍被认为与它们的尺寸和比表面积有关,尺寸越小、比表面积越大,其杀菌能力越强。这主要是因为小尺寸的粒子其比表面积较大,能有效的和微生物相互作用。虽然许多种类的金属及其离子能起到杀菌作用,但由于它们之间的抗菌能力差异较大,结合成本等因素综合考虑,市场上应用到的金属类整理剂也仅仅局限于银、锌、铜几种,这其中又以用银作为抗菌剂所应用的最早、最广。金属离子的杀菌机理比较复杂,普遍认为有以下三种因素:(1)与细菌的DNA结合,抑制细菌的分裂并阻止其克隆增值;(2)与细菌的细胞壁结合,促使细胞壁和细胞膜破裂,导致细胞渗漏死亡;(3)与细菌细胞内的酶或者其他重要活性蛋白质结合,影响呼吸系统和传递物质系统,导致细菌缺乏营养而死亡。
当多种抗菌剂在一起复合时,在不同情况下抗菌剂发挥其最大的抗菌能力,并且不同抗菌剂的协同作用,也会使织物的抗菌效果有所提升。因此,选用多种抗菌剂有利于抗菌效果的提升。
高温焙烘过程中,在引发剂的作用下交联剂与含有活性基团的粘着剂以及部分抗菌剂发生交联反应生成分子量较大的聚合物,这些高分子聚合物一部分会随机排列在纤维间隙之前,由于较强的范得华力以及物理粘附使得包覆在其中的抗菌剂小分子不易脱落;另外一些高分子物质会在纤维表面形成较为完整的网络结构包覆在纤维表面,将抗菌剂分子固着在网络中,提高了抗菌剂与纤维之间的结合牢度。同时,由于金属盐的存在,使得含有极性基团的抗菌剂与形成网络状的高分子物质或经焙烘形成的相对分子质量较大的聚合物之间将会存在一定的氢键作用,有利于提升抗菌剂在纤维表面的结合力。最终,在多重作用力的作用下,使得经过后整理的抗菌剂与纤维之间结合较为牢固,这不仅使得面料具有优异的抗菌性能,还具有较好的耐洗性。
由于所用的化学药剂中,存在着未参与交联反应的极性基团,从而使得面料的亲水性有一定的改善,同时提高了面料的穿着舒适性。
有益效果
(1)本发明简单易行,对设备无特殊要求,利用常规的染整设备就可进行大规模生产,具有广阔的应用前景;
(2)本发明利用多种抗菌剂的协同作用,制备的涤纶/氨纶混纺高弹性抗菌针织面料具有优异的抗菌效果,其对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌的抑菌率均高达95%以上;
(3)本发明通过焙烘过程中的交联作用,使得经过后整理的抗菌剂耐洗性较好,经过15次洗涤之后,其对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌的抑菌率均高达86%以上;
(4)本发明由于带有极性基团的物质的引入,使得面料的亲水性得到改善,通过静态水接触角测试发现,按照实施例1整理前面料表面的水接触角为85.3°左右,经过整理后面料的水接触角变成65°左右。
附图说明
图1为实施例1中整理前后面料表面的水接触角图片。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解,在阅读了本发明讲授的内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改,这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
本发明的性能测试方法:
(1)抑菌率的测定:根据GB/T 20944.3-2008《纺织品抗菌性能的评价第3部分:振荡法》对面料进行抗菌性检测。将试样与对照样分别装入一定浓度的试验菌液的三角烧瓶中,在规定的温度下振荡一定时间,测定三角烧瓶内菌液在振荡前及振荡一定时间后的活菌浓度,计算抑菌率,以此评价试样的抗菌效果。
抗菌效果的评价:样品对金黄色葡萄球菌及大肠杆菌的抑菌率≥70%,或对白色念珠菌的抑菌率≥60%,样品具有抗菌效果。
(2)静态接触角测定:用剪刀规整地裁剪出表面均匀且平整的面料作为样品,用双面胶贴附于载玻片上,然后将其平整的放置在试样台上,将体积为5μL的水滴滴在面料表面,OCA40型视频接触角测量仪迅速摄下液滴曲面,然后经电脑拟合计算,得出样品的静态接触角。
实施例1
一种涤纶/氨纶混纺高弹性抗菌针织面料的制备方法,具体步骤为:
(1)多种抗菌剂的复配:取3-(三甲氧基硅烷基)丙基二甲基十八烷基氯化铵2.5g,壳聚糖4.0g,十二烷基胍3.0g,氯化锌0.5g混合,得到多种抗菌剂的复配液;
(2)整理液的配置:2g乙二胺,2g戊二醛,1g交联剂FH,10g的羧甲基纤维素,0.02g的过硫酸铵置于74.98g水中,搅拌20min,然后加入配置好的多种抗菌剂的复配液,继续搅拌50min,制得抗菌整理液;
(3)将涤纶/氨纶混纺高弹性针织面料(东莞胜瑞纺织品有限公司,克重240g/m2)采用上述的整理液中按照三浸三轧工艺进行整理(轧余率为80%),在100℃烘干30s,再在130℃焙烘40s,得到处理后的涤纶/氨纶混纺高弹性针织面料。
将所得的涤纶/氨纶混纺高弹性针织面料进行抗菌性能测试,其结果见表1:
将试样与对照样分别装入一定浓度的试验菌液的三角烧瓶中,在规定的温度下振荡一定时间,测定三角烧瓶内菌液在振荡前及振荡一定时间后的活菌浓度,计算抑菌率,以此评价试样的抗菌效果。
对抗菌整理好后的织物进行洗涤,并测定洗涤后织物的抑菌率,结果见表2,与传统方法抗菌整理的织物相比,结果见表3。
表1
表2
表3
图1表明:织物在经过抗菌整理后,使得面料的亲水性得到改善,通过静态水接触角测试发现,按照实施例1整理前面料表面的水接触角为85.3°左右,经过整理后面料的水接触角变成65°左右。
实施例2
一种涤纶/氨纶混纺高弹性抗菌针织面料的制备方法,具体步骤为:
(1)多种抗菌剂的复配:3-(三甲氧基硅烷基)丙基二甲基十八烷基氯化铵2g,壳聚糖3.2g,十二烷基胍2.4g,氯化锌0.4g混合,得到多种抗菌剂的复配液;
(2)整理液的配置:2g乙二胺,1g交联剂FH,8g羧甲基纤维素,0.015g过硫酸铵置于80.985g水中,搅拌20min,然后加入配置好的多种抗菌剂的复配液,继续搅拌50min,制得抗菌整理液;
(3)将涤纶/氨纶混纺高弹性针织面料面料采用上述的整理液中按照三浸三轧工艺进行整理(轧余率为70%),在100℃烘干25s,再在110℃焙烘60s,得到处理后的涤纶/氨纶混纺高弹性针织面料。针织面料改性前后的水接触角如表6所示。
将所得的涤纶/氨纶混纺高弹性针织面料进行抗菌性能测试,其结果见表4:
将试样与对照样分别装入一定浓度的试验菌液的三角烧瓶中,在规定的温度下振荡一定时间,测定三角烧瓶内菌液在振荡前及振荡一定时间后的活菌浓度,计算抑菌率,以此评价试样的抗菌效果。
对抗菌整理好后的织物进行洗涤,并测定洗涤后织物的抑菌率,结果见表5。
表4
表5
表6
接触角 | 改性前 | 改性后 |
角度(°) | 89° | 65.6° |
实施例3
一种涤纶/氨纶混纺高弹性抗菌针织面料的制备方法,具体步骤为:
(1)多种抗菌剂的复配:3-(三甲氧基硅烷基)丙基二甲基十八烷基氯化铵2.25g,壳聚糖3.6g,十二烷基胍2.7g,氯化锌0.45g混合,得到多种抗菌剂的复配液;
(2)整理液的配置:2g乙二胺,2g戊二醛,9g羧甲基纤维素,0.02g过硫酸铵置于77.98g水中,搅拌20min,然后加入配置好的多种抗菌剂的复配液,继续搅拌50min,制得抗菌整理液;
(3)将涤纶/氨纶混纺高弹性针织面料采用上述的整理液中按照三浸三轧工艺进行整理(轧余率为70%),在100℃烘干30s,再在120℃焙烘40s,得到处理后的涤纶/氨纶混纺高弹性针织面料。针织面料改性前后的水接触角如表9所示。
将所得的涤纶/氨纶混纺高弹性针织面料进行抗菌性能测试,其结果见表7:
将试样与对照样分别装入一定浓度的试验菌液的三角烧瓶中,在规定的温度下振荡一定时间,测定三角烧瓶内菌液在振荡前及振荡一定时间后的活菌浓度,计算抑菌率,以此评价试样的抗菌效果。
对抗菌整理好后的织物进行洗涤,并测定洗涤后织物的抑菌率,结果见表8。
表7
表8
表9
接触角 | 改性前 | 改性后 |
角度(°) | 81° | 59.3° |
实施例4
一种涤纶/氨纶混纺高弹性抗菌针织面料的制备方法,具体步骤为:
(1)多种抗菌剂的复配:取3-(三甲氧基硅烷基)丙基二甲基十八烷基氯化铵1.75g,壳聚糖2.8g,十二烷基胍2.1g,氯化锌0.35g混合,得到多种抗菌剂的复配液;
(2)整理液的配置:2g乙二胺,7g羧甲基纤维素,0.02g的过硫酸铵置于83.99g水中,搅拌20min,然后加入配置好的多种抗菌剂的复配液,继续搅拌50min,制得抗菌整理液;
(3)将涤纶/氨纶混纺高弹性针织面料采用上述的整理液中按照三浸三轧工艺进行整理(轧余率为60%),在100℃烘干25s,再在100℃焙烘70s,得到处理后的涤纶/氨纶混纺高弹性针织面料。针织面料改性前后的水接触角如表12所示。
将所得的涤纶/氨纶混纺高弹性针织面料进行抗菌性能测试,其结果见表10:
将试样与对照样分别装入一定浓度的试验菌液的三角烧瓶中,在规定的温度下振荡一定时间,测定三角烧瓶内菌液在振荡前及振荡一定时间后的活菌浓度,计算抑菌率,以此评价试样的抗菌效果。
对抗菌整理好后的织物进行洗涤,并测定洗涤后织物的抑菌率,结果见表11。
表10
表11
表12
接触角 | 改性前 | 改性后 |
角度(°) | 82.2° | 67.4° |
实施例5
一种涤纶/氨纶混纺高弹性抗菌针织面料的制备方法,具体步骤为:
(1)多种抗菌剂的复配:3-(三甲氧基硅烷基)丙基二甲基十八烷基氯化铵2g,壳聚糖4.0g,十二烷基胍3.0g,氯化锌0.5g混合,得到多种抗菌剂的复配液;
(2)整理液的配置:2g乙二胺,2g戊二醛,1g的交联剂FH,10g的羧甲基纤维素,0.02g的过硫酸铵置于74.98g水中,搅拌20min,然后加入配置好的多种抗菌剂的复配液,继续搅拌50min,制得抗菌整理液;
(3)将涤纶/氨纶混纺高弹性针织面料(东莞胜瑞纺织品有限公司,克重240g/m2)采用上述的整理液中按照三浸三轧工艺进行整理(轧余率为80%),在100℃烘干30s,再在130℃焙烘40s,得到处理后的涤纶/氨纶混纺高弹性针织面料;
(4)将单一抗菌剂按照上述方法整理到织物。
将所得的涤纶/氨纶混纺高弹性针织面料进行抗菌性能测试,其结果见表13:
将试样与对照样分别装入一定浓度的试验菌液的三角烧瓶中,在规定的温度下振荡一定时间,测定三角烧瓶内菌液在振荡前及振荡一定时间后的活菌浓度,计算抑菌率,以此评价试样的抗菌效果。
表13
Claims (10)
1.一种涤纶/氨纶混纺抗菌针织面料的制备方法,包括:
(1)将复合抗菌剂、交联剂、含有活性基团的粘着剂、引发剂和水以重量比1~10∶1~5∶1~10:0.01~0.02∶75~95混合,搅拌,得到整理液,其中复合抗菌剂为:质量比10~30:20~45:10~30:1~10的季铵盐类抗菌剂、壳聚糖、多胍类抗菌剂和金属盐类抗菌剂;
(2)将涤纶/氨纶混纺针织面料浸扎步骤(1)的整理液中,预烘,焙烘,得到涤纶/氨纶混纺抗菌针织面料。
2.根据权利要求1所述方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中季铵盐类抗菌剂为3-(三甲氧基硅烷基)丙基二甲基十八烷基氯化铵;多胍类抗菌剂为十二烷基胍、聚六亚甲基双胍中的至少一种;金属盐类抗菌剂为氯化锌。
3.根据权利要求1所述方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中交联剂包括乙二胺、三乙胺、戊二醛、交联剂EH、交联剂FH中的一种或者几种。
4.根据权利要求1所述方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中含有活性基团的粘着剂为海藻酸钠、羧甲基纤维素、聚多巴胺中的一种或者几种。
5.根据权利要求1所述方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中引发剂包括过硫酸铵或过硫酸钾。
6.根据权利要求1所述方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中浸扎的工艺参数为:三浸三轧,面料的带液率为60~80%。
7.根据权利要求1所述方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中预烘的工艺参数为:红外线预烘或者热风烘干,预烘温度为90~120℃,预烘时间为20~50s。
8.根据权利要求1所述方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中焙烘温度为100~130℃,焙烘时间为10~120s。
9.一种如权利要求1所述方法制备得到的涤纶/氨纶混纺抗菌针织面料。
10.一种如权利要求1所述方法制备得到的涤纶/氨纶混纺抗菌针织面料的应用。
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