CN114521517A - Mixed breeding mode for crayfishes and bullfrogs - Google Patents
Mixed breeding mode for crayfishes and bullfrogs Download PDFInfo
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- CN114521517A CN114521517A CN202111675476.1A CN202111675476A CN114521517A CN 114521517 A CN114521517 A CN 114521517A CN 202111675476 A CN202111675476 A CN 202111675476A CN 114521517 A CN114521517 A CN 114521517A
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- 241000270934 Rana catesbeiana Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 112
- 241000238017 Astacoidea Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 41
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 241000269350 Anura Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000269328 Amphibia Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000270936 Pelophylax esculentus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000269436 Ranidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses a mixed culture mode of crayfishes and bullfrogs, which comprises the following steps: setting the middle part of the shrimp rice field as a shallow water beach, and setting the periphery of the shrimp rice field as a deep ditch in a surrounding way, wherein the ditch surface of the deep ditch is 0.6-1 meter lower than the shoal beach surface; a net cage for bullfrog cultivation is arranged in the deep ditch; breeding the bullfrog seedlings in a bullfrog breeding net cage of the deep ditch in 3 months, wherein the specification of the seedlings is 60-70 pieces/jin, the stocking density is 120-200 pieces/square meter, fishing is started in 2-3 months, and the specification of the grown bullfrogs is 150 g/piece; 2-3 batches of crayfish seedlings are stocked in the deep ditch in 3-5 months, the specification of the seedlings is 100 plus materials/jin and the stocking density is 6000 plus materials/mu, the crayfish is fished after 15-20 days, the fishing period is 15 days, and the specification of the grown crayfish is 25 g/jin; rice was grown on shallow water in the 6 th month. The crayfish and the bullfrog are mixed and cultured in the invention, so that the existing shrimp rice field has two purposes in one field, and the crayfish and the bullfrog are cultured simultaneously, thereby effectively improving the culture benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a mixed culture mode of crayfish and bullfrog.
Background
The bullfrog (Rana catesbiana Shaw) belongs to the Amphibia (Amphiia), Anura and Ranidae, is a large edible frog, is tender in meat quality, delicious in taste and rich in nutrition, and has certain medicinal value.
However, with the expansion of the culture scale, the bullfrog culture not only occupies a large amount of mudflats, ponds and farmlands, but also has a difficult problem in the discharge of the bullfrog culture wastewater in the culture process, mainly, the bullfrog culture wastewater contains a large amount of residual bait and excrement, if the organic matters are directly discharged, the environment is greatly polluted, and the wastewater treatment is carried out by specially purchasing sewage treatment equipment, which is also a large cost expense, the burden is too heavy for the culture plant with lower profit cost, and the problems are to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of large occupied area for breeding bullfrogs and environmental pollution caused by breeding wastewater in the prior art, and provides a mixed breeding mode of crayfishes and bullfrogs.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a mixed culture mode of crayfish and bullfrog comprises the following steps:
s1, setting the middle part of the shrimp rice field as a shoal, and arranging the periphery of the shrimp rice field as a deep ditch in a surrounding manner, wherein the ditch surface of the deep ditch is 0.6-1 meter lower than the shoal surface; a net cage for bullfrog cultivation is arranged in the deep ditch;
s2, breeding the bullfrog seedlings in a bullfrog breeding net cage of a deep ditch in 3 months, wherein the specification of the seedlings is 60-70 per jin, the stocking density is 120 plus 200 per square meter, the breeding is started for 2-3 months, and the specifications of the grown bullfrogs are 150g per bullfrog;
s3, breeding 2-3 batches of crayfish seedlings in deep ditches in 3-5 months, wherein the specification of the seedlings is 100-8000 crayfish/jin, the breeding density is 6000-8000 tail/mu, the crayfish starts to be fished after the seedlings are placed for 15-20 days, the fishing period is 15 days, and the specification of the grown crayfish is 25 g/crayfish;
and S4, 6 months, planting rice on the shoal.
Preferably, the crayfish feed feeding rate is 1% -2% during the breeding period, and the bullfrog feed feeding rate is 2% -5%.
Preferably, the feeding rate is 5% when the bullfrog specification is less than 20 g/bullfrog; when 20 g/bullfrog is less than 30 g/bullfrog, the feeding rate is 4 percent; when the feed rate is 30 g/bullfrog <40 g/bullfrog, the feeding rate is 3 percent; the feeding rate is 2% when the bullfrog specification is more than 40 g/bullfrog.
Preferably, the height of the water surface of the shoal in 3 months to 5 months is 30 cm to 50cm, and the shoal surface of the shoal in 6 months is exposed for rice planting.
Preferably, the area of the shrimp paddy field is 20-30 mu, a 400-600 square meter bullfrog cultivation net cage is placed in each 10 mu of shrimp paddy field in a matching way, and the specifications of the bullfrog cultivation net cage are 4.5m in length, 1.5m in height and 1.5m in width.
Further preferably, the net cage for bullfrog cultivation is fixedly arranged at the middle upper part of the deep ditch through a support, and comprises a net cage body and a floating plate, wherein the floating plate is movably arranged in the net cage body.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the crayfish and the bullfrog are all aquatic product varieties which are popular with consumers in recent years, large-area ponds or farmlands are needed for crayfish cultivation and bullfrog cultivation, the crayfish and the bullfrog are cultivated in a mixed mode, the existing crayfish and bullfrog paddy fields are dual-purpose in one field, the bullfrog is cultivated while the crayfish is cultivated, the use efficiency of the crayfish paddy fields can be effectively improved, the land is saved, the production cost investment is obviously reduced, and the cultivation benefit is improved;
secondly), the crayfishes mainly move at the bottom layer of the deep water ditch, the bullfrog is cultured in the middle-upper water area of the deep water ditch, a large amount of residual bait exists in the breeding process of the bullfrog, a large amount of excrement is generated at the same time, the residual bait and the excrement directly sink to the bottom of the deep water ditch, the crayfishes can directly eat the residual bait and the excrement of the bullfrog, and the organic matters can also provide fertilizer for rice; the mode can solve the problem of discharge of a large amount of breeding wastewater of bullfrogs and can also reduce the bait cost for breeding crayfishes, the bait feeding rate of the crayfishes can be directly reduced by 1 percent, the bait cost of the crayfishes is greatly reduced, the fertilizer application in a rice field is reduced, and the pollution to the environment is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a bullfrog culturing cage according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1-deep ditch, 2-shoal, 3-bracket, 4-net cage body and 5-floating plate.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific embodiments.
Example 1
The area of the shrimp paddy field is 20 mu, the middle part of the shrimp paddy field is set as a shallow water beach 2, the shrimp paddy field is excavated into a deep water ditch 1 around the periphery, the width of the deep water ditch 1 is 2 meters, the ditch surface of the deep water ditch 1 is 0.7 meter lower than the 2 beach surface of the shallow water beach, a bullfrog cultivation net cage is placed in the deep water ditch 1, 400 square meters of bullfrog cultivation net cages are placed in every 10 mu of shrimp paddy field in a matching mode, the size of each net cage is 4.5m, the height is 1.5m, and the width is 1.5 m. The bullfrog culture net cage is fixedly arranged at the middle upper part of the deep ditch 1 through a bracket 3, and comprises a net cage body 4 and a floating plate 5, wherein the floating plate 5 is movably arranged in the net cage body 4. As the bullfrogs are amphibious animals, and the floating plates 5 can float on the water surface, the bullfrogs can be provided with land activity sites.
3, breeding bullfrog seedlings in a bullfrog breeding net cage of the deep ditch 1 in months, wherein the specification of the seedlings is 60/jin, the stocking density is 200/square meter, the bullfrog feed feeding rate is 2-4%, and the bullfrog feed feeding rate is adjusted according to the growth specification of the bullfrogs (the feeding rate is 4% when 20 g/bullfrogs specification is less than 30 g/bullfrogs, the feeding rate is 3% when 30 g/bullfrogs specification is less than 40 g/bullfrogs, and the feeding rate is 2% when the bullfrogs specification is greater than 40 g/bullfrogs); culturing for 2 months, fishing in 7 months, wherein the adult frogs are 150 g/one;
breeding the 1 st batch of crayfish seedlings in the deep water ditch 1 in the beginning of 3 months, wherein the specification of the seedlings is 120 per jin, the breeding density is 6000 tails per mu, and the feeding rate of crayfish feed is 1%; beginning to catch in 3 ten days later, wherein the catching period is 15 days, and the specification of the grown shrimps is 25 g/shrimp;
stocking the 2 nd batch of crayfish seedlings in the deep water ditch 1 at the beginning of 4 months, wherein the specification of the crayfish seedlings is 100 per jin, the stocking density is 7000 tails per mu, and the feeding rate of the crayfish feed is 1 percent; fishing is started in the last ten days of 4 months after the seedlings are released for 20 days, the fishing period is 15 days, and the specification of the grown shrimps is 25 g/shrimp;
the height of the water surface of the shoal 2 in 3-5 months is controlled to be 30-50 cm. And (3) the height of the water surface of the shoal 2 is reduced by 6 months, the shoal surface of the shoal 2 is exposed, and rice is planted on the shoal 2.
Example 2
The area of the shrimp paddy field is 20 mu, the middle part of the shrimp paddy field is set as a shallow water beach 2, the shrimp paddy field is excavated into a deep water ditch 1 around the periphery, the width of the deep water ditch 1 is 3 m, the ditch surface of the deep water ditch 1 is 0.6 m lower than the beach surface of the shallow water beach 2, a bullfrog cultivation net cage is placed in the deep water ditch 1, 500 square meters of bullfrog cultivation net cages are placed in every 10 mu of shrimp paddy field in a matching mode, the size of each net cage is 4.5m, the height is 1.5m, and the width is 1.5 m. The bullfrog culture net cage is fixedly arranged at the middle upper part of the deep ditch 1 through a bracket 3, and comprises a net cage body 4 and a floating plate 5, wherein the floating plate 5 is movably arranged in the net cage body 4. As the bullfrogs are amphibious animals, and the floating plates 5 can float on the water surface, the bullfrogs can be provided with land activity sites.
Breeding bullfrog seedlings in a bullfrog breeding net cage of a deep ditch 1 in 3 months, wherein the specification of the seedlings is 70 per jin, the stocking density is 170 per square meter, the feeding rate of bullfrog feed is 2-5% (the feeding rate is 5% when the specification of the bullfrog is less than 20 g/one, the feeding rate is 4% when the specification of the bullfrog is less than 20 g/one, the feeding rate is 3% when the specification of the bullfrog is less than 30 g/one, and the feeding rate is 2% when the specification of the bullfrog is greater than 40 g/one); culturing for 3 months, beginning to catch in 8 months, and the adult frogs are 150 g/one;
breeding the 1 st batch of crayfish seedlings in the deep water ditch 1 in the beginning of 3 months, wherein the specification of the seedlings is 100 per jin, the breeding density is 6000 tails per mu, and the feeding rate of crayfish feed is 2%; beginning to catch in 3 middle ten days, wherein the catching period is 15 days, and the specification of the adult shrimps is 25 g/shrimp;
stocking the 2 nd batch of crayfish seedlings in the deep water ditch 1 at the beginning of 4 months, wherein the specification of the crayfish seedlings is 100 per jin, the stocking density is 7000 tails per mu, and the feeding rate of the crayfish feed is 1 percent; beginning to catch in 4 middle ten days, wherein the catching period is 15 days, and the specification of the grown shrimps is 25 g/shrimp;
stocking the 3 rd batch of crayfish seedlings in the deep water ditch 1 at the beginning of 5 months, wherein the specification of the crayfish seedlings is 100 per jin, the stocking density is 7000 tails per mu, and the feeding rate of the crayfish feed is 1 percent; beginning to catch in the middle ten days of the month 5, wherein the catching period is 15 days, and the specification of the grown shrimps is 25 g/shrimp;
the height of the water surface of the shoal 2 in 3-5 months is controlled to be 30-50 cm. And (3) the height of the water surface of the shoal 2 is reduced by 6 months, the shoal surface of the shoal 2 is exposed, and rice is planted on the shoal 2.
Example 3
The area of the shrimp paddy field is 30 mu, the middle part of the shrimp paddy field is set to be a shallow water beach 2, the shrimp paddy field is excavated to be a deep water ditch 1 around the periphery, the width of the deep water ditch 1 is 3 m, the ditch surface of the deep water ditch 1 is 1 m lower than the 2 beach surface of the shallow water beach, a bullfrog cultivation net cage is placed in the deep water ditch 1, 500 square meters of the bullfrog cultivation net cage is placed in every 10 mu of the shrimp paddy field in a matching mode, the size of the net cage is 4.5m, the height of the net cage is 1.5m, and the width of the net cage is 1.5 m. The bullfrog culture net cage is fixedly arranged at the middle upper part of the deep ditch 1 through a bracket 3, and comprises a net cage body 4 and a floating plate 5, wherein the floating plate 5 is movably arranged in the net cage body 4. As the bullfrogs are amphibious animals, and the floating plates 5 can float on the water surface, the bullfrogs can be provided with land activity sites.
Breeding bullfrog seedlings in a bullfrog breeding net cage of a deep ditch 1 in 3 months, wherein the specification of the seedlings is 70 per jin, the stocking density is 120 per square meter, the bullfrog feed feeding rate is 2-4% and 2-4% (when 20 g/bullfrog is less than 30 g/bullfrog, the feeding rate is 4%, when 30 g/bullfrog is less than 40 g/bullfrog, the feeding rate is 3%, and when the bullfrog is greater than 40 g/bullfrog, the feeding rate is 2%); culturing for 2 months, fishing in 7 months, wherein the adult frogs are 150 g/one;
stocking the 1 st batch of crayfish seedlings in the deep water ditch 1 at the beginning of 3 months, wherein the specification of the seedlings is 110 per jin, the stocking density is 8000 tails per mu, and the feeding rate of crayfish feed is 2 percent; beginning to catch in 3 ten days later, wherein the catching period is 15 days, and the specification of the grown shrimps is 25 g/shrimp;
stocking 2 nd batches of crayfish seedlings in the deep water ditch 1 in the beginning of 4 months, wherein the specification of the crayfish seedlings is 120 per jin, the stocking density is 8000 tails per mu, and the feeding rate of crayfish feed is 1 percent; fishing is started in the last ten days of 4 months after the seedlings are released for 20 days, the fishing period is 15 days, and the specification of the grown shrimps is 25 g/shrimp;
the height of the water surface of the shoal 2 in 3-5 months is controlled to be 30-50 cm. And (3) the height of the water surface of the shoal 2 is reduced by 6 months, the shoal surface of the shoal 2 is exposed, and rice is planted on the shoal 2.
The crayfish and bullfrog are bred according to the specific breeding methods of example 1, example 2 and example 3, and the finished product fishing amount and breeding efficiency are detailed in tables 1 and 2.
TABLE 1 weight table for finished product fishing
TABLE 2 cultivation benefit table of finished products
The data show that the mixed breeding mode of the crayfishes and the bullfrogs can simultaneously breed the crayfishes and the bullfrogs in one shrimp rice field, and compared with the traditional mode of separately breeding two varieties, the mixed breeding mode of the crayfishes and the bullfrogs can save half of breeding land; the feed feeding rate of the crayfishes in the traditional breeding is 2% -3%, the residual baits and the excrement of the bullfrogs can directly provide baits for the crayfishes, so that the feed feeding rate of the crayfishes is reduced by more than 1%, compared with the traditional breeding, the feed feeding rate of the crayfishes is directly reduced by 1%, and the feed cost can be saved by about 200 yuan per mu; the bullfrog is intercropped in the shrimp paddy field, extra bullfrog income is provided for the traditional crayfish breeding industry, and the profit level of farmers is greatly improved. Therefore, the crayfish and bullfrog mixed culture mode can obviously reduce the land cost and the feed cost and improve the culture benefit.
The present specification and figures are to be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive, and it is intended that all such alterations and modifications that fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention, and that all such modifications and variations are included within the scope of the invention as determined by the appended claims without the use of inventive faculty.
Claims (6)
1. A mixed culture mode of crayfish and bullfrog is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, setting the middle part of the shrimp rice field as a shoal, and arranging the periphery of the shrimp rice field as a deep ditch in a surrounding manner, wherein the ditch surface of the deep ditch is 0.6-1 meter lower than the shoal surface; a net cage for bullfrog cultivation is arranged in the deep ditch;
s2, breeding the bullfrog seedlings in a bullfrog breeding net cage of a deep ditch in 3 months, wherein the specification of the seedlings is 60-70 per jin, the stocking density is 120 plus 200 per square meter, the breeding is started for 2-3 months, and the specifications of the grown bullfrogs are 150g per bullfrog;
s3, breeding 2-3 batches of crayfish seedlings in deep ditches in 3-5 months, wherein the specification of the seedlings is 100-8000 crayfish/jin, the breeding density is 6000-8000 tail/mu, the crayfish starts to be fished after the seedlings are placed for 15-20 days, the fishing period is 15 days, and the specification of the grown crayfish is 25 g/crayfish;
and S4, 6 months, planting rice on the shoal.
2. The hybrid farming mode of claim 1, wherein the crawfish feed feeding rate during farming is 1% -2% and the bullfrog feed feeding rate is 2% -5%.
3. The mixed culture mode of claim 2, wherein the feeding rate is 5% when the bullfrog size is <20 g/fish; when 20 g/bullfrog is less than 30 g/bullfrog, the feeding rate is 4 percent; when the feed rate is 30 g/bullfrog <40 g/bullfrog, the feeding rate is 3 percent; the feeding rate is 2% when the bullfrog specification is more than 40 g/bullfrog.
4. The hybrid farming mode of claim 1, wherein the shoal surface height is 30-50cm between 3 and 5 months, and the shoal surface is exposed for rice planting between 6 months.
5. The hybrid aquaculture mode of claim 1, wherein the area of said shrimp paddy field is 20-30 mu, and 400-600 square meters of said net cage for raising bullfrogs are placed in 10 mu of shrimp paddy field, said net cage for raising bullfrogs having a length of 4.5m, a height of 1.5m and a width of 1.5 m.
6. The mixed culture mode according to claim 1, wherein the net cage for bullfrog culture is fixedly arranged at the middle upper part of the deep ditch through a bracket, and comprises a net cage body and a floating plate, and the floating plate is movably arranged in the net cage body.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111675476.1A CN114521517A (en) | 2021-12-31 | 2021-12-31 | Mixed breeding mode for crayfishes and bullfrogs |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU4454785A (en) * | 1984-07-09 | 1986-01-16 | Burge, Julie Pauline | Raising frogs |
| US5161481A (en) * | 1991-11-14 | 1992-11-10 | Hans Laufer | Method for increasing crustacean larval production |
| CN103782940A (en) * | 2014-02-20 | 2014-05-14 | 浙江海洋学院 | Recycle mixing type rice field culture method |
| CN113575479A (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2021-11-02 | 通威股份有限公司 | High-income crayfish breeding method |
-
2021
- 2021-12-31 CN CN202111675476.1A patent/CN114521517A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU4454785A (en) * | 1984-07-09 | 1986-01-16 | Burge, Julie Pauline | Raising frogs |
| US5161481A (en) * | 1991-11-14 | 1992-11-10 | Hans Laufer | Method for increasing crustacean larval production |
| CN103782940A (en) * | 2014-02-20 | 2014-05-14 | 浙江海洋学院 | Recycle mixing type rice field culture method |
| CN113575479A (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2021-11-02 | 通威股份有限公司 | High-income crayfish breeding method |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 占家智等: "《图说稻田小龙虾高产高效养殖关键技术》", 28 February 2019, 河南科学技术出版社 * |
| 胡晓军: "《淡水小龙虾科学养殖概论》", 31 July 2008, 湖北科学技术出版社 * |
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