CN114517170B - 一株降解呕吐毒素的枯草芽孢杆菌及其应用 - Google Patents
一株降解呕吐毒素的枯草芽孢杆菌及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
- A01N63/20—Bacteria; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
- A01N63/22—Bacillus
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- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
- A23L5/28—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification using microorganisms
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Abstract
本发明提供了一株降解呕吐毒素的枯草芽孢杆菌及其应用,属于微生物技术领域。本发明所述枯草芽孢杆菌命名为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)GXKCU1,保藏于广东省微生物菌种保藏中心,保藏编号为GDMCC No.62040。本发明所述枯草芽孢杆菌GXKCU1能够以呕吐毒素作为发酵底物进行发酵,并将呕吐毒素代谢合成可可碱、羽扇豆碱、肉桂醇、香叶醇等高附加值产物。本发明所述枯草芽孢杆菌GXKCU1对呕吐毒素的降解率最高为56.4%,能够有效的降低呕吐毒素的危害。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于微生物技术领域,尤其涉及一株降解呕吐毒素的枯草芽孢杆菌及其应用。
背景技术
呕吐毒素主体成分为DON(deoxynivalenol,脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇),属于单端孢霉烯族化合物,主要由禾谷镰刀菌、尖孢镰刀菌、串珠镰刀菌、拟枝孢镰刀菌、粉红镰刀菌、雪腐镰刀菌等镰刀菌产生。由于它可以引起猪的呕吐,故又名呕吐毒素。由于呕吐毒素具有很高的细胞毒素及免疫抑制性质,其对人类及动物的健康构成了威胁,特别是对免疫功能具有明显的影响。根据DON的剂量和暴露时间不同可引起免疫抑制或免疫刺激。当人摄入了被DON污染的食物后,会导致厌食、呕吐、腹泻、发烧、站立不稳、反应迟钝等急性中毒症状,严重时损害造血系统造成死亡。1998年,在国际癌症研究机构公布的评价报告中,呕吐毒素被列为3类致癌物。中国饲料要求呕吐毒素低于1ppm。
DON主要污染小麦、大麦、玉米等谷类作物,DON易溶于极性的溶剂如水、甲醇、乙醇、乙腈、丙酮和乙酸乙酯,不溶于正已烷、丁醇、石油醚。DON化学性能非常稳定,一般不会在加工、储存以及烹调过程中破坏,有较强的热抵抗力,在实验室条件下可长期贮存保持毒力不变;病麦经4年的贮藏,其中的DON仍能保留原有的毒性。121℃高压加热25min,呕吐毒素仅有少量破坏。酸性环境不影响其毒力,但是加碱或高压处理可破坏部分毒素。因此,如何高效地降解呕吐毒素受到了广泛关注。
目前,呕吐毒素主要的脱毒方法有:物理法(如高温高压、物理吸附)、化学法(如强酸、强碱)以及生物法(微生物、酶制剂)。物理法主要是通过添加吸附剂对呕吐毒素进行吸附,达到脱毒的效果,但此方法特异性不高,容易吸附其他营养物质,会造成饲料中营养物质的流失,影响饲料的营养品质和适口性;化学法容易残留一些有毒物质,对饲料造成二次污染,严重影响饲料的利用率。因此,急需发明一种高效降解农副产品、食品、饲料中呕吐毒素的方法。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的在于提供一株有效降解呕吐毒素的枯草芽孢杆菌,对于农副产品、食品和饲料中的呕吐毒素,具有降解率高、稳定性好的效果。
为了实现上述发明目的,本发明提供了以下技术方案:
一株降解呕吐毒素的枯草芽孢杆菌,所述枯草芽孢杆菌命名为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)GXKCU1,保藏于广东省微生物菌种保藏中心,保藏编号为GDMCCNo.62040。
优选的,所述枯草芽孢杆菌的形态特征为:菌落表面粗糙,不透明,边缘扩张,圆形或者蔓延或波浪形、不规则,呈浅白色;显微镜观察菌体,菌体为长杆状,中生芽孢,为革兰氏阳性菌。
优选的,所述枯草芽孢杆菌分离自奶牛牧场的发酵床垫料。
优选的,所述枯草芽孢杆菌16S rDNA如SEQ ID No.1所示。
本发明还提供了上述枯草芽孢杆菌的培养方法,包括:将所述枯草芽孢杆菌接种于培养基中,于35~37℃下培养;所述培养基配方为:1~3%葡萄糖、 0.5~1.5%蛋白胨、0.3~0.7%酵母粉、0.7~1.3%氯化钠、0.1~0.3%磷酸二氢钾、 0.05~0.12%磷酸氢二钾,pH自然。
本发明还提供了上述枯草芽孢杆菌在降解农副产品、食品或饲料中呕吐毒素的应用。
优选的,所述农副产品包括玉米浆、喷浆玉米皮、大豆糖蜜、花生壳;所述食品包括麦酒糟、啤酒糟、豆腐渣。
优选的,所述所述枯草芽孢杆菌在农副产品、食品或饲料中的接种量为 3~7%。
本发明还提供了上述枯草芽孢杆菌在以呕吐毒素为发酵底物合成可可碱、羽扇豆碱、肉桂醇、香叶醇高附加值产物方面的应用。
本发明还提供了上述枯草芽孢杆菌在抑制禾谷镰刀菌生长中的应用。
相对于现有技术,本发明具有如下有益效果:
本发明提供的枯草芽孢杆菌GXKCU1对呕吐毒素的降解率最高为 56.4%,能够有效的降低呕吐毒素的危害。并且,本发明所述枯草芽孢杆菌 GXKCU1能够以呕吐毒素作为单一碳源进行发酵,并将呕吐毒素代谢合成可可碱、羽扇豆碱、肉桂醇、香叶醇等高附加值产物。
生物保藏信息
本发明所述枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)GXKCU1保藏于广东省微生物菌种保藏中心,保藏编号为GDMCC No.62040,保藏日期为2021年11 月5日,保藏地址广州市先烈中路100号省微生物所。
附图说明
图1为枯草芽孢杆菌GXKCU1的菌落观察图;
图2为枯草芽孢杆菌GXKCU1的细胞形态观察图;
图3为枯草芽孢杆菌GXKCU1的革兰氏染色观察图;
图4为枯草芽孢杆菌GXKCU1的系统进化树图;
图5为枯草芽孢杆菌GXKCU1降解不同饲料原料中的呕吐毒素图;
图6为枯草芽孢杆菌GXKCU1降解呕吐毒素的代谢产物峰谱图;
图7为枯草芽孢杆菌GXKCU1对禾谷镰刀菌的拮抗作用图。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一株降解呕吐毒素的枯草芽孢杆菌,命名为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)GXKCU1,保藏于广东省微生物菌种保藏中心,保藏编号为GDMCCNo.62040。
在本发明中,所述枯草芽孢杆菌的形态特征为:菌落表面粗糙,不透明,边缘扩张,圆形或者蔓延或波浪形、不规则,呈浅白色;显微镜观察菌体,菌体为长杆状,中生芽孢,为革兰氏阳性菌。所述枯草芽孢杆菌分离自奶牛牧场的发酵床垫料;所述枯草芽孢杆菌16SrDNA如SEQ ID No.1所示。
本发明还提供了上述枯草芽孢杆菌的培养方法,包括:将所述枯草芽孢杆菌接种于培养基中,于35~37℃下培养;所述培养基配方为:1~3%葡萄糖、 0.5~1.5%蛋白胨、0.3~0.7%酵母粉、0.7~1.3%氯化钠、0.1~0.3%磷酸二氢钾、 0.05~0.12%磷酸氢二钾,pH自然。所述培养基配方优选为:2%葡萄糖、1%蛋白胨、0.5%酵母粉、1%氯化钠、0.2%磷酸二氢钾、0.1%磷酸氢二钾,pH 自然;所述培养温度优选为36℃。本发明对上述培养基配方的来源没有特殊限定,采用本领域常规市售产品即可。
本发明还提供了上述枯草芽孢杆菌在降解农副产品、食品或饲料中呕吐毒素的应用。所述农副产品优选包括玉米浆、喷浆玉米皮、大豆糖蜜、花生壳;所述食品优选包括麦酒糟、啤酒糟、豆腐渣;所述所述枯草芽孢杆菌在农副产品、食品或饲料中的接种量优选为3~7%,更优选为5%。本发明对农副产品、食品或饲料的来源没有特殊限定,采用本领域常规市售产品即可。
本发明还提供了上述枯草芽孢杆菌在以呕吐毒素为发酵底物合成可可碱、羽扇豆碱、肉桂醇、香叶醇高附加值产物方面的应用。在本发明中,本发明所述枯草芽孢杆菌可以以呕吐毒素为单一碳源。
本发明还提供了上述枯草芽孢杆菌在抑制禾谷镰刀菌生长中的应用。本发明所述枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌直径为1.3~1.7cm。表明本发明所述枯草芽孢杆菌对禾谷镰刀菌具有抑菌活性。本发明对禾谷镰刀菌的种类和来源没有特殊限定,在本发明具体实施例中所用的禾谷镰刀菌来源于广东省微生物菌种保藏中心。
下面结合实施例对本发明提供的技术方案进行详细的说明,但是不能把它们理解为对本发明保护范围的限定。
实施例1
枯草芽孢杆菌GXKCU1的分离、鉴定
(1)无菌操作取福建某奶牛牧场的发酵床垫料10g于250mL锥形烧瓶中,加入90mL无菌水,振荡2min,制成1:10的初始悬浮液。
(2)将初始悬浮液常压80℃水浴30min,用无菌吸管吸取1mL初始悬浮液于无菌试管,加入9mL无菌水,经充分混匀后制成1:10的稀释液,重复步骤制成10-5、10-6稀释液。
(3)用无菌吸管吸取10-5、10-6稀释液各0.1mL,接种在NA培养基上,用无菌涂布棒涂布,室温下静置10min,使接种物被琼脂吸收。翻转上述平皿置于35℃±1℃培养箱中培养48h±2h。
根据图1-3可知,本发明枯草芽孢杆菌GXKCU1形态特征如下:菌落表面粗糙,不透明,边缘扩张,圆形或者蔓延或波浪形、不规则,呈浅白色。显微镜观察菌体,菌体为长杆状,中生芽孢,革兰氏染色后,菌体呈蓝紫色,为革兰氏阳性菌。
(4)挑取浅白色或淡黄色、呈圆形或者蔓延或波浪形、不透明、表面干燥没有光泽、中间褶皱边缘不整齐的菌落,在新的固体培养基上划线,重复步骤直至得到纯菌落。
(5)将上述纯化后的菌株进行革兰氏染色,在显微镜下观察,与标准菌种比较。
(6)参照《细菌系统鉴定手册》常见菌株的鉴定方法对上述纯化后的枯草芽孢杆菌进行生化特性分析。检测菌株的糖醇类和盐类的利用情况,具体结果见表1。
表1枯草芽孢杆菌GXKCU1的生化特性分析结果
注:“+”表示反应阳性,“-”表示反应阴性。
(7)将筛选得到的枯草芽孢杆菌送至北京擎科生物科技有限公司测序,测序所得基因序列提交到NCBI网址(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)进行Blast 比对,如表2所示。采用MEGA7软件构建系统进化树,具体结果见图4。
表2枯草芽孢杆菌GXKCU1的16S rDNA序列相似性
由表2和图4可知,本发明所述枯草芽孢杆菌GXKCU1与Bacillus subtilissubsp.inaquosorum strain BGSC 3A28最为相似,相似性为99%。因此,可以判定本发明所述枯草芽孢杆菌GXKCU1为Bacillus subtilis。
实施例2
枯草芽孢杆菌GXKCU1在降解呕吐毒素中的应用
1、枯草芽孢杆菌GXKCU1在不同原料中降解呕吐毒素的应用
将40mL大豆糖蜜稀释液(大豆糖蜜:水=1:1)和麦酒渣稀释液(麦酒渣: 水=1:1)进行121℃高压灭菌30min后,再加入5%的枯草芽孢杆菌GXKCU1。在第0天、第5天、第10天、第15天时,用酶联免疫(ELISA)检测方法检测其对应的呕吐毒素含量,具体结果见表3,其中实验1与实验2为平行。
表3枯草芽孢杆菌GXKCU1对大豆糖蜜中呕吐毒素的降解率
由表3和图5可知,本发明枯草芽孢杆菌GXKCU1对大豆糖蜜中呕吐毒素具有降解效果,降解率可达到26.82%。
2、枯草芽孢杆菌GXKCU1在降解分析纯呕吐毒素中的应用
将枯草芽孢杆菌GXKCU1接种在以呕吐毒素为单一碳源的液体培养基中,培养基组成为:1.6ppm呕吐毒素、0.05%氯化钠、0.2%硫酸铵、0.05%磷酸氢二钾、0.05%磷酸二氢钾、0.02%硫酸镁。按5%接种量接种枯草芽孢杆菌,35℃±1℃培养箱中培养,在时间为0h、48h、96h、144h进行采样,用酶联免疫(ELISA)检测方法检测对应时间下呕吐毒素含量,结果见表4。
表4枯草芽孢杆菌GXKCU1对分析纯呕吐毒素的降解率
由表4可知,枯草芽孢杆菌GXKCU1能以呕吐毒素为碳源进行生长繁殖,用酶联免疫(ELISA)检测方法检测不同时间下呕吐毒素含量,可算出枯草芽孢杆菌GXKCU1对呕吐毒素的降解率最高为18.98%。
3、枯草芽孢杆菌GXKCU1降解呕吐毒素代谢产物分析
将上述第0h的样品和第144h的样品进行质谱分析:
(1)预处理
在4℃环境下缓慢解冻后取样本400μL,加入0.4mL预冷甲醇/水溶液 (7:3,v/v),涡旋混合,低温超声30min,冰上静置10min,14000g 4℃离心20min,取上清,真空浓缩,甲酸水复溶,过0.22um滤膜,进样分析。
(2)色谱-质谱分析
样品采用Ultimate3000超高压液相色谱仪(Dionex)超高效液相色谱系统(UHPLC)Acclaim RSLC C18色谱柱进行分离。柱温25℃;流速0.4μL/min;进样量2μL;流动相组成A:水0.1%甲酸,B:乙腈;梯度洗脱程序如下:0-20min 5%B-32%B,20-40min32%B-60%B,40-63min 60%B-90%B。
对比两个时间下呕吐毒素的峰面积值,结果见表5。
表5呕吐毒素在第0h和第144h的质谱分析结果
根据降解率=(第0h峰面积-第144h峰面积)/第0h峰面积计算出,在发酵至144h时,枯草芽孢杆菌GXKCU1对呕吐毒素的降解率为56.4%。
分析144h样品中的代谢产物,主要代谢产物如表6所示。
表6 GXKCU1以呕吐毒素为单一碳源发酵144h后的部分代谢产物
由表6可知,本发明枯草芽孢杆菌GXKCU1能以呕吐毒素为碳源生长,并将呕吐毒素代谢分解为香叶醇、可可碱、羽扇豆碱、肉桂醇等多种低毒、无毒和有益的产物,有效降解呕吐毒素含量。
实施例3
枯草芽孢杆菌GXKCU1对禾谷镰刀菌拮抗作用
供试菌株:禾谷镰刀菌,来源于广东省微生物菌种保藏中心。
培养基:PDA培养基和优化培养基。优化培养基组成为:2%葡萄糖、 1%蛋白胨、0.5%酵母粉、1%氯化钠、0.2%磷酸二氢钾、0.1%磷酸氢二钾,pH自然。
将枯草芽孢杆菌GXKCU1接种至优化培养基中,于35℃中培养24h备用。
将禾谷镰刀菌接种至PDA培养基中,同时在四周各放入一无菌小纸片,选择上下的两张无菌小纸片各滴加10μL枯草芽孢杆菌GXKCU1菌液,剩余两张无菌小纸片滴加10μL无菌水,作为对照组。27℃恒温培养4天后,观察枯草芽孢杆菌GXKCU1对禾谷镰刀菌的拮抗作用,并测量真菌直径和抑菌圈直径,根据抑制率=抑菌圈直径/真菌直径,计算枯草芽孢杆菌GXKCU1菌液的抑菌率,具体结果见表7,其中抑菌圈1与抑菌圈2为平行。
表7禾谷镰刀菌直径和抑菌圈直径
由图7可知,滴加枯草芽孢杆菌GXKCU1菌液的小纸片周围有抑菌圈,对照组则无抑菌圈测量出禾谷镰刀菌直径和抑菌圈直径。由表7可知,本发明枯草芽孢杆菌GXKCU1对禾谷镰刀菌具有拮抗作用。
综上所述,本发明所提供的枯草芽孢杆菌可解决饲料中呕吐毒素含量高、农业和食品中霉菌毒素污染等问题,在饲料资源高效开发利用及其生物脱毒方面具有较大的应用价值。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
序列表
<110> 广西优比特生物科技有限公司
南宁市甜蜜蜜饲料有限公司
<120> 一株降解呕吐毒素的枯草芽孢杆菌及其应用
<160> 1
<170> SIPOSequenceListing 1.0
<210> 1
<211> 1452
<212> DNA
<213> 16S rDNA(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 1
caggctcagg acgaacgctg gcggcgtgcc taatacatgc aagtcgagcg gacagatggg 60
agcttgctcc ctgatgttag cggcggacgg gtgagtaaca cgtgggtaac ctgcctgtaa 120
gactgggata actccgggaa accggggcta ataccggatg cttgtttgaa ccgcatggtt 180
caaacataaa aggtggcttc ggctaccact tacagatgga cccgcggcgc attagctagt 240
tggtgaggta atggctcacc aaggcgacga tgcgtagccg acctgagagg gtgatcggcc 300
acactgggac tgagacacgg cccagactcc tacgggaggc agcagtaggg aatcttccgc 360
aatggacgaa agtctgacgg agcaacgccg cgtgagtgat gaaggttttc ggatcgtaaa 420
gctctgttgt tagggaagaa caagtaccgt tcgaataggg cggtaccttg acggtaccta 480
accagaaagc cacggctaac tacgtgccag cagccgcggt aatacgtagg tggcaagcgt 540
tgtccggaat tattgggcgt aaagggctcg caggcggttt cttaagtctg atgtgaaagc 600
ccccggctca accggggagg gtcattggaa actggggaac ttgagtgcag aagaggagag 660
tggaattcca cgtgtagcgg tgaaatgcgt agagatgtgg aggaacacca gtggcgaagg 720
cgactctctg gtctgtaact gacgctgagg agcgaaagcg tggggagcga acaggattag 780
ataccctggt agtccacgcc gtaaacgatg agtgctaagt gttagggggt ttccgcccct 840
tagtgctgca gctaacgcat taagcactcc gcctggggag tacggtcgca agactgaaac 900
tcaaaggaat tgacgggggc ccgcacaagc ggtggagcat gtggtttaat tcgaagcaac 960
gcgaagaacc ttaccaggtc ttgacatcct ctgacaatcc tagagatagg acgtcccctt 1020
cgggggcaga gtgacaggtg gtgcatggtt gtcgtcagct cgtgtcgtga gatgttgggt 1080
taagtcccgc aacgagcgca acccttgatc ttagttgcca gcattcagtt gggcactcta 1140
aggtgactgc cggtgacaaa ccggaggaag gtggggatga cgtcaaatca tcatgcccct 1200
tatgacctgg gctacacacg tgctacaatg gacagaacaa agggcagcga aaccgcgagg 1260
ttaagccaat cccacaaatc tgttctcagt tcggatcgca gtctgcaact cgactgcgtg 1320
aagctggaat cgctagtaat cgcggatcag catgccgcgg tgaatacgtt cccgggcctt 1380
gtacacaccg cccgtcacac cacgagagtt tgtaacaccc gaagtcggtg aggtaacctt 1440
ttaggagcca gc 1452
Claims (6)
1.一株降解呕吐毒素的枯草芽孢杆菌,其特征在于,所述枯草芽孢杆菌命名为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)GXKCU1,保藏于广东省微生物菌种保藏中心,保藏编号为GDMCC No .62040。
2.权利要求1所述枯草芽孢杆菌的培养方法,其特征在于,包括:将所述枯草芽孢杆菌接种于培养基中,于35~37℃下培养;所述培养基配方为:1~3%葡萄糖、0.5~1.5%蛋白胨、0.3~0.7%酵母粉、0.7~1.3%氯化钠、0.1~0.3%磷酸二氢钾、0.05~0.12%磷酸氢二钾,pH自然。
3.权利要求1所述枯草芽孢杆菌在降解农副产品、食品或饲料中呕吐毒素的应用。
4.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于,所述农副产品为大豆糖蜜;所述食品为麦酒糟。
5.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于,所述所述枯草芽孢杆菌在农副产品、食品或饲料中的接种量为3~7%。
6.权利要求1所述枯草芽孢杆菌在抑制禾谷镰刀菌生长中的应用。
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