CN114514393B - 电磁阀、尤其是滑动控制的机动车辆制动系统的电磁阀 - Google Patents

电磁阀、尤其是滑动控制的机动车辆制动系统的电磁阀 Download PDF

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CN114514393B
CN114514393B CN202080066794.5A CN202080066794A CN114514393B CN 114514393 B CN114514393 B CN 114514393B CN 202080066794 A CN202080066794 A CN 202080066794A CN 114514393 B CN114514393 B CN 114514393B
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valve
plunger
stepped section
inlet chamber
valve plunger
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CN114514393A (zh
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M·伦茨
D·茨韦塔诺维奇
C·库尔斯
H·根塞尔特
H·科尔曼
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Continental Automotive Technologies GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/34—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
    • B60T8/36—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition including a pilot valve responding to an electromagnetic force
    • B60T8/3615—Electromagnetic valves specially adapted for anti-lock brake and traction control systems
    • B60T8/363—Electromagnetic valves specially adapted for anti-lock brake and traction control systems in hydraulic systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/02—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
    • F16K31/06—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a magnet, e.g. diaphragm valves, cutting off by means of a liquid
    • F16K31/0644—One-way valve
    • F16K31/0655—Lift valves
    • F16K31/0665—Lift valves with valve member being at least partially ball-shaped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/10—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release
    • B60T13/66—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/68—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems by electrically-controlled valves
    • B60T13/686—Electrical control in fluid-pressure brake systems by electrically-controlled valves in hydraulic systems or parts thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
    • F16K1/14—Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with ball-shaped valve member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K27/00—Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor
    • F16K27/02—Construction of housing; Use of materials therefor of lift valves
    • F16K27/029—Electromagnetically actuated valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/02—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
    • F16K31/06—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a magnet, e.g. diaphragm valves, cutting off by means of a liquid
    • F16K31/0686—Braking, pressure equilibration, shock absorbing
    • F16K31/0693—Pressure equilibration of the armature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/02—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
    • F16K31/06—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a magnet, e.g. diaphragm valves, cutting off by means of a liquid
    • F16K31/0686—Braking, pressure equilibration, shock absorbing
    • F16K31/0696—Shock absorbing, e.g. using a dash-pot
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K47/00—Means in valves for absorbing fluid energy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2400/00—Special features of vehicle units
    • B60Y2400/81—Braking systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2410/00—Constructional features of vehicle sub-units
    • B60Y2410/105—Valve bodies; Mounting of hydraulic controllers

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种电磁阀，该电磁阀具有：阀柱塞(1)，该阀柱塞以少量运动游隙在阀壳体(8)的穿通孔(7)中被引导并且由于复位弹簧(11)的布置将其阀关闭元件(5)保持在打开阀座(9)中的阀通路的基本位置上，该阀座布置在入口通道(4)和出口通道(10)之间；以及磁衔铁(12)，该磁衔铁设置用于在阀壳体(8)中对阀柱塞(1)进行电磁致动。在阀壳体(8)中在穿通孔(7)和阀座(9)之间设置与入口通道(4)永久连接的入口室(3)，阀柱塞(1)以其台阶区段(2)伸入到入口室(3)中，以便由于被入口通道(4)的压力介质液压加载而在阀柱塞(1)上产生与阀柱塞(1)的关闭方向反向地作用的轴向力。

Description

电磁阀、尤其是滑动控制的机动车辆制动系统的电磁阀
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电磁阀、尤其是用于滑动控制的机动车辆制动系统的电磁阀。
背景技术
DE 10 2014 225 251 A1已经披露了一种电磁阀，该电磁阀包括用于在管状阀壳体中致动阀柱塞的磁衔铁，阀柱塞能够抵抗复位弹簧的作用被致动，管状阀壳体具有在管状阀座体中的压力介质通路，当磁衔铁被激励时，通过柱塞式阀柱塞关闭阀座体，其中，阀柱塞通过螺旋复位弹簧延伸在阀壳体中的穿通孔内，复位弹簧支撑在形成于穿通孔区域中的接触表面上和磁衔铁上。
然而，该设计的缺点在于，在不利条件下，由于液压压力介质通过入口通道流入阀壳体，阀柱塞倾向于以不期望的方式振动，这种振动会导致不连续的通流。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是改进开头提及类型的电磁阀，使得避免上述缺点。
根据本发明，通过如下特征，针对所述类型的电磁阀实现了此目的：一种电磁阀，该电磁阀具有：阀柱塞，该阀柱塞以少量径向游隙在阀壳体的穿通孔中被引导并且由于布置有复位弹簧而将阀柱塞的阀关闭元件保持在打开阀座中的阀通路的基本位置上，该阀座在阀壳体中布置在入口通道和出口通道之间；以及磁衔铁，该磁衔铁设置用于在阀壳体中对阀柱塞进行电磁致动，其中，在阀壳体中在穿通孔与阀座之间设置与入口通道永久连接的入口室，阀柱塞具有伸入到入口室中的台阶区段，并且该台阶区段具有接触表面，该接触表面被流入到入口通道中的压力介质加载，以产生与阀柱塞的关闭方向反向地作用的轴向力；所述台阶区段布置在阀柱塞上距阀关闭元件的轴向距离处，其中，该轴向距离至少与入口通道进入入口室的嘴口的净宽度一样大，所述台阶区段在阀柱塞上形成在入口通道进入入口室的嘴口的上边缘与邻接入口室的穿通孔之间；入口通道向着入口室的方向、局部与阀柱塞平行地轴向延伸穿过阀壳体，直到入口通道的径向嘴口通入入口室的侧表面中；在阀关闭元件的打开阀座的基本位置上，复位弹簧以机械松弛状态保持在磁衔铁与阀壳体之间。
下面将参考两个附图基于示例性实施例的描述讨论本发明的其他特征和优点。
附图说明
在附图中：
图1示出了穿过根据本发明的电磁阀的纵向截面，该电磁阀在阀柱塞上距阀关闭元件小距离处具有直角台阶区段，
图2示出了在阀柱塞上具有台阶区段的电磁阀的纵向截面的局部图示，该台阶区段替代图1的方案被修改为优选地具有锥形形状。
具体实施方式
图1示出了电磁阀的纵向截面放大视图，该电磁阀优选用于滑动控制液压机动车辆制动系统。为了对阀柱塞1加以致动，电磁阀具有在安装在管状阀壳体8上的盖13中的磁衔铁12。在布置在磁衔铁12与阀壳体8之间的复位弹簧11的作用下，磁衔铁12在未被电磁激励时保持抵靠圆顶形封闭盖13，使得连接到磁衔铁12的阀柱塞1打开阀座9内的压力介质通路。
阀柱塞1在穿通孔7中以小的径向游隙向着阀座9的方向被精确地引导。在穿通孔7中，存在孔台阶形式的台阶，在未电磁激励位置时，复位弹簧11在没有机械预载的情况下通过其背离磁衔铁12的端部被支撑在台阶上。
阀座9位于入口通道4和出口通道10之间，其中，优选地，两个通道作为竖直通道通向阀壳体8并且被过滤元件14保护以防止灰尘进入。
在本示例性实施例中，磁衔铁12以少量径向游隙被接纳在奥氏体套筒形盖13内，该盖被焊接到厚壁管状阀壳体8上，这确保了牢固地紧固在阀接纳体(未示出)的阀接纳孔中。
盖13优选地由金属薄片通过深拉制成，而管状阀壳体1的轮廓由钢坯通过冷锻/落锻(kaltschlagen)或冷挤压制成，钢坯具有铁素体材料结构以形成磁路。
在穿通孔7和阀座9之间，在阀壳体1中设置入口室3，该入口室与入口通道4永久连接并且形成由阀壳体1的内壁和阀柱塞1界定的环形空间，由于入口通道4的取向和入口室3的形状，当阀柱塞1处于打开的切换位置时，压力介质基本上轴向地进入该环形空间。
在图示的未电磁激励的阀基本位置中，阀柱塞1因此与阀座9保持轴向距离，从而允许压力介质通过，其中，必须确保分别在阀座上方和下方通向阀壳体1的通道(入口通道4、出口通道10)之间的畅通的液压连接。
为了产生与阀柱塞1的关闭方向相反指向并由流入的介质引起的轴向力，阀柱塞1具有台阶区段2，台阶区段的接触表面因此在其伸入入口室3时被进入到入口通道4中的压力介质加载/撞击(beaufschlagt)，使得阀柱塞1在其非电磁致动的基本位置时不能被激励以执行在某些情况下会阻碍向着出口通道10方向的通流的不期望的竖直振动。
从图1和图2中可以看出，台阶区段2布置在阀柱塞1上距优选为球形的(或就流动而言不太有利的为锥形的)阀关闭元件5的轴向距离Y处，其中，在附图中，轴向距离Y至少与入口通道4进入入口室3的嘴口6的竖直宽度W一样大。
除了提供在台阶区段2和阀关闭元件5之间的轴向距离Y之外，柱塞直径到阀关闭元件5的过渡部的形状影响阀关闭元件5的不期望的振动行为，出于此原因，柱塞直径和阀关闭元件5之间的过渡部应该尽可能平滑。因此，图1和图2中所示的阀关闭元件5的半球形形状代表了就流动而言的优选解决方案。
原则上，台阶区段2必须在阀柱塞1上在入口通道4进入入口室3的嘴口6的上边缘与邻接入口室3的穿通孔7之间形成，使得台阶区段2被流动介质与阀柱塞1的关闭方向相反地基本上轴向地或尽可能地正面地液压加载。
两幅图清楚地表明，入口通道向着入口室3的方向、局部与阀柱塞1平行地延伸穿过阀壳体8，直到入口通道4的径向嘴口6通入入口室3的侧表面中，使得(得益于在竖直方向上的尺寸很大的嘴口6)随着压力介质进入入口室3，得到基本上轴向取向的流动线型式。因此，台阶区段2被压力介质逆着阀柱塞1的关闭方向有效地加载，由此可靠地避免了阀柱塞1抵抗复位弹簧11的作用向着阀座9的方向意外地向下运动和/或振动。
此外，台阶区段2由于阀柱塞1的稳定性而允许改进的通流速率，并且如果期望或需要的话，由于相对软的复位弹簧11还允许对阀进行有利的模拟控制。
由于压力介质发起的对台阶区段2的加载，当阀关闭元件5处于打开阀座9的基本位置时，复位弹簧11以无机械应力状态保持在磁衔铁12和阀壳8之间，使得由于复位弹簧11相对较小的机械支撑力，可以显著减小以电磁方式将阀关闭所需的电流。
根据图1，台阶区段2具有平行于阀座9定向的环形表面的形状，而在图2中，台阶区段2由向着阀关闭元件5的方向逐渐变细的锥体形成，该锥体在阀关闭元件5的方向上与阀柱塞1以在直径方面适配的方式邻接。
与针对台阶区段2所示的设计变体无关，阀柱塞1在其背离阀关闭元件5的区域中具有恒定的杆截面，该杆截面以最小的径向游隙在穿通孔7中引导，并且在每种情况下适配于台阶区段2的最大截面。
最后，提出了与阀柱塞1一起生产台阶区段2，或通过冷挤压或冷锻塑性变形的钢坯特别廉价地产生，或者使用车床通过切削机加工工艺生产。
附图标记列表
1 阀柱塞
2 台阶区段
3 入口室
4 入口通道
5 阀关闭元件
6 嘴口
7 穿通孔
8 阀壳体
9 阀座
10 出口通道
11 复位弹簧
12 磁衔铁
13 盖
14 过滤元件

Claims (8)

1.一种电磁阀，该电磁阀具有：阀柱塞，该阀柱塞以少量径向游隙在阀壳体的穿通孔中被引导并且由于布置有复位弹簧而将阀柱塞的阀关闭元件保持在打开阀座中的阀通路的基本位置上，该阀座在阀壳体中布置在入口通道和出口通道之间；以及磁衔铁，该磁衔铁设置用于在阀壳体中对阀柱塞进行电磁致动，其中，在阀壳体中在穿通孔与阀座之间设置与入口通道永久连接的入口室，其特征在于：阀柱塞(1)具有伸入到入口室(3)中的台阶区段(2)，并且该台阶区段(2)具有接触表面，该接触表面被流入到入口通道(4)中的压力介质加载，以产生与阀柱塞(1)的关闭方向反向地作用的轴向力；所述台阶区段(2)布置在阀柱塞(1)上距阀关闭元件(5)的轴向距离(Y)处，其中，该轴向距离(Y)至少与入口通道(4)进入入口室(3)的嘴口(6)的净宽度(W)一样大，所述台阶区段(2)在阀柱塞(1)上形成在入口通道(4)进入入口室(3)的嘴口(6)的上边缘与邻接入口室(3)的穿通孔(7)之间；入口通道(4)向着入口室(3)的方向、局部与阀柱塞(1)平行地轴向延伸穿过阀壳体(8)，直到入口通道的径向嘴口(6)通入入口室(3)的侧表面中；在阀关闭元件(5)的打开阀座(9)的基本位置上，复位弹簧(11)以机械松弛状态保持在磁衔铁(12)与阀壳体(8)之间。
2.如权利要求1所述的电磁阀，其特征在于，所述台阶区段(2)具有向着阀关闭元件(5)的方向逐渐变细的锥体的形状。
3.如权利要求1所述的电磁阀，其特征在于，所述台阶区段(2)具有环形表面的形状。
4.如权利要求1所述的电磁阀，其特征在于，所述台阶区段(2)与阀柱塞(1)一起由通过冷挤压或冷锻塑性变形的钢坯生产。
5.如权利要求1所述的电磁阀，其特征在于，所述台阶区段(2)与阀柱塞(1)一起由钢坯通过切削机加工工艺生产。
6.如权利要求1所述的电磁阀，其特征在于，阀柱塞(1)在其背离阀关闭元件(5)的区域处具有与台阶区段(2)的最大截面适配的杆截面。
7.如权利要求1所述的电磁阀，其特征在于，阀关闭元件(5)具有半球形轮廓，该半球形的直径适配于阀柱塞(1)在入口室(3)中的直径。
8.如权利要求1至7中任一项所述的电磁阀，其特征在于，所述电磁阀用于滑动控制的机动车制动系统。
CN202080066794.5A 2019-10-02 2020-09-28 电磁阀、尤其是滑动控制的机动车辆制动系统的电磁阀 Active CN114514393B (zh)

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