CN114507376B - 一种保温防风聚苯板及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种保温防风聚苯板及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114507376B CN114507376B CN202210157478.XA CN202210157478A CN114507376B CN 114507376 B CN114507376 B CN 114507376B CN 202210157478 A CN202210157478 A CN 202210157478A CN 114507376 B CN114507376 B CN 114507376B
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- foam board
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- polystyrene
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种保温防风聚苯板及其制备方法,涉及建筑材料技术领域。本发明先先通过第一次改性处理、第一次发泡,形成表面富含羟基的聚苯泡沫板;接着利用氯甲蛋氯酸、1,2,8‑辛三醇和1,3,5‑三羧基戊烷进行第二次改性处理,形成超支化聚酯相变膜,实现聚苯板保温效果;然后,利用正钛酸丁酯与乙醇,进行第二次发泡,提高聚苯板隔热、保温效果;然后利用磁场‑电场辅助脉冲激光凝聚形成纳米氧化锌薄膜,有效抑制霉菌生长,使聚苯板具有防霉效果;接着进行烧结工艺,使表面纳米氧化锌薄膜闭孔,提高聚苯板的防霉效果。本发明制备的保温防风聚苯板具有保温隔热、防霉的效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及建筑材料技术领域,具体为一种保温防风聚苯板及其制备方法。
背景技术
聚苯板的全称是指聚苯乙烯泡沫板,聚苯板主要是使用可发性聚苯乙烯珠粒,在经过热预发、熟化之后在模具中进行加热成型的白色固体。随着中国保温节能建筑的发展,聚苯板的需求日益增加,但在面对相对恶劣的环境中,聚苯板的保温隔热效果反而难以满足,限制其使用。目前,聚苯板常常将聚苯颗粒和胶粉混合,虽造价低,但安全性能不高,保温隔热效果也较为一般。
聚苯板作为建筑材料,长时间处于自然环境中,易被微生物及虫类侵袭而发生腐朽和霉变,从而影响其物理力学性能,导致使用寿命减短,基于此,如何发明一种高效保温隔热、防霉的聚苯板显得尤为重要。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种保温防风聚苯板及其制备方法,以解决现有技术中存在的问题。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供如下技术方案:一种保温防风聚苯板,从上至下依次为金属薄膜和改性聚苯泡沫板;所述金属薄膜利用磁场-电场辅助脉冲激光在改性聚苯泡沫板凝聚纳米氧化锌,再经烧结制得。
进一步的,所述改性聚苯泡沫板依次通过第一次改性处理、第一次发泡、第二次改性处理、第二次发泡等步骤制得。
进一步的,所述第一次改性处理:利用臭氧氧化预处理后,再经紫外光照射,得改性聚苯乙烯颗粒;所述第一次发泡:将改性聚苯乙烯颗粒、热固性树脂、发泡剂和固化剂混合并加压发泡,得聚苯泡沫板;所述第二次改性处理:利用氯甲蛋氯酸、1,2,8-辛三醇和1,3,5-三羧基戊烷改性聚苯泡沫板,制得改性聚苯泡沫板前体;第二次发泡:先喷涂正钛酸丁酯与乙醇,形成二氧化钛醇凝胶,再利用超临界干燥,制得改性聚苯泡沫板。
进一步的,一种保温防风聚苯板的制备方法,包括以下制备步骤:
(1)第一次改性:将聚苯乙烯颗粒置于容器中,臭氧氛围下,氧化30~40min后,用紫外灯照射10~20min,得改性聚苯乙烯颗粒;
(2)第一次发泡:将改性聚苯乙烯颗粒、热固性树脂、发泡剂按质量比1:0.8:0.04~1:1.5:0.1混合,1000~2000rpm下搅拌60~90s,加入改性聚苯乙烯颗粒质量0.05~0.2倍的固化剂,然后放入高压釜中,升温至160~170℃,在20~30MPa的压力下保压1~3h,然后降温至100~120℃,相同压力下保压1~3h,快速卸压得聚苯泡沫板;
(3)第二次改性:将聚苯泡沫板在氮气保护下,加入甲苯、氯甲蛋氯酸和二月桂酸二丁基锡,搅拌反应后,过滤洗涤,得初步改性泡沫板;将初步改性泡沫板与N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、对甲苯磺酸混合、加热,然后滴加1,2,8-辛三醇溶液,反应一段时间后,继续加热、反应、抽滤,接着,滴加1,3,5-三羧基戊烷溶液,重复上述步骤1~3次,得改性聚苯泡沫板前体;
(4)第二次发泡:将改性聚苯泡沫板前体置于容器中,喷涂改性聚苯泡沫板前体质量0.7~1.1倍的钛酸丁酯溶液,于30~40kHz超声8~16min后,密闭放置30~40℃水浴中,陈化7~9d,再置于超临界干燥器中,降温至4~6℃,以20~30mL/min通入二氧化碳至气压为7~8MPa,升温至30~35℃,干燥10~20min后,以相同速度通入二氧化碳至气压为15~20MPa,升温至150~160℃,保压50~70min后,快速卸压得改性聚苯泡沫板;
(5)沉积工艺:将改性聚苯泡沫板置于激光设备中,采用氧化锌为靶材,靶材放置于200~400V的电场和2~8T的磁场中,电场和磁场相互垂直放置,抽真空至2×10-7~5×10-7Pa,氩气氛围下,沉积30~50min,得氧化锌泡沫板;
(6)烧结:将氧化锌泡沫板置于容器中,喷洒氧化锌泡沫板质量0.07~0.1倍的乙酸溶液,乙酸溶液中乙酸和去离子水的质量比为1:7.7,施加200~250MPa压力,以5~7℃/min升温至200~230℃,保压30~40min后,冷却至室温后,于0.2~1.5MPa、60~120℃加压成型5~20min,制得保温防风聚苯板。
进一步的,步骤(1)所述聚苯乙烯颗粒的粒径为1~5mm;所述紫外灯的波长为254nm。
进一步的,步骤(2)所述热固性树脂为热固性环氧树脂、热固性酚醛树脂或热固性聚酯树脂的一种或多种混合;所述发泡剂为二氯甲烷、双氧水、铝粉、石油醚、异戊烷或环戊烷的一种或多种混合;所述固化剂为对甲苯磺酸、磷酸或苯酚磺酸中的一种或多种混合。
进一步的,步骤(3)所述第二次改性的具体步骤为:
A、将聚苯泡沫板置于容器中,氮气氛围下,按质量比1:1.4:0.1~1:2.1:0.2加入甲苯、氯甲蛋氯酸和二月桂酸二丁基锡,甲苯和聚苯泡沫板的质量比为1:1.8~1:2.5,升温至50~60℃,100~200rpm下搅拌2~4h,冷却至室温,过滤,用无水乙醇洗涤3~5次,得初步改性泡沫板;
B、将初步改性泡沫板、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和对甲苯磺酸按质量比1:20:0.07~1:25:0.2加入容器中,加热至150~160℃,以0.1~0.6mL/min滴加初步改性泡沫板质量0.5~0.8倍的1,2,8-辛三醇溶液,1,2,8-辛三醇溶液中1,2,8-辛三醇和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的质量比为1:6~1:12,反应2~4h后,加热至170~190℃,继续反应2~5h后,抽滤,按相同速度滴加初步改性泡沫板质量0.3~0.6倍的1,3,5-三羧基戊烷溶液,1,3,5-三羧基戊烷溶液中1,3,5-三羧基戊烷、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和对甲苯磺酸的质量比为1:7:0.1~1:11:0.3,反应4~7h,重复上述步骤1~3次,得改性聚苯泡沫板前体。
进一步的,步骤(4)所述钛酸丁酯溶液为将钛酸丁酯、无水乙醇、质量分数为20%的盐酸和去离子水按质量比1:12:0.002:4~1:15:0.006:6混合均匀。
进一步的,步骤(2)、步骤(4)所述快速卸压速率为6~8MPa/s。
进一步的,步骤(5)所述激光设备:激光波长为248~355nm,能量密度为5~10J/cm2,重频为10~30Hz,靶材和基底的距离为30~50mm。
与现有技术相比,本发明所达到的有益效果是:
本发明依次通过第一次改性处理、第一次发泡、第二次改性处理、第二次发泡、沉积工艺、烧结等步骤制备聚苯板,以实现保温隔热、防风、防霉的效果。
首先,本发明先对聚苯乙烯颗粒进行第一次改性处理,利用臭氧氧化,在表面形成过氧基团,再经紫外光照,变为羟基;然后进行第一次发泡,形成聚苯泡沫板;接着进行第二次改性处理,先利用氯甲蛋氯酸的氯离子与聚苯泡沫板表面羟基反应,再利用氯甲蛋氯酸的羧基与1,2,8-辛三醇的羟基反应,形成酯化物;酯化物的羟基与1,3,5-三羧基戊烷的羧基反应,以此反复与1,2,8-辛三醇、1,3,5-三羧基戊烷反应,形成超支化聚酯相变膜包裹于聚苯泡沫板孔洞及表面,有效吸收外部热量,实现聚苯板保温效果;然后,进行第二次发泡,先在表面喷涂正钛酸丁酯与乙醇,形成二氧化钛醇凝胶,填充改性聚苯泡沫板的部分孔隙,利用微波辅助超临界干燥,使二氧化钛沿孔隙生长成气凝胶,有效屏蔽红外线,实现聚苯板的隔热效果,同时,改性聚苯泡沫板二次发泡,改性聚苯泡沫板与气凝胶之间的气孔相互融合,形成大小较均匀且独立存在的新泡孔,使得气固界面增多,有效降低热传导效率,提高聚苯板的保温隔热效果。
其次,在二次发泡后的聚苯板表面进行沉积工艺,利用磁场-电场辅助脉冲激光沉积纳米氧化锌薄膜,强脉冲激光与氧化锌靶相互作用形成金属原子,同时,工作气体经电场电离,产生等离子体,并在磁场中不断碰撞,产生正离子,然后在电场作用下加速飞向氧化锌靶,形成巨大能量,使金属原子形成过饱和蒸气,凝聚于表面,有效抑制霉菌生长,使聚苯板具有防霉效果;接着进行烧结工艺,使表面纳米氧化锌薄膜闭孔,提高致密程度,有效阻挡空气、霉菌进入,提高聚苯板的防霉效果,并具有一定的防风效果。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
为了更清楚的说明本发明提供的方法通过以下实施例进行详细说明,在以下实施例中制作的保温防风聚苯板的各指标测试方法如下:
保温性:取大小相同的实施例与对比例进行保温效果测试,利用JTRG-III建筑材料热流计式导热仪测量聚苯板的导热系数。
隔热性:取大小相同的实施例与对比例进行隔热效果测试,利用近红外光照射表面,灯源至聚苯板表面距离为15mm,照射1h,测量背面温度。
防霉性:取大小相同的实施例与对比例进行防霉效果测试,将聚苯板接种5mL霉菌孢子液,在28℃、相对湿度95%的环境下,处理时间为30d,查看表面霉斑情况。
实施例1
一种保温防风聚苯板的制备方法,所述保温防风聚苯板的制备方法包括以下制备步骤:
(1)第一次改性:将粒径为1mm的聚苯乙烯颗粒置于容器中,臭氧氛围下,氧化30min后,用波长为254nm的紫外灯照射10min,得改性聚苯乙烯颗粒;
(2)第一次发泡:将改性聚苯乙烯颗粒、热固性酚醛树脂、异戊烷按质量比1:0.8:0.04混合,1000rpm下搅拌90s,加入改性聚苯乙烯颗粒质量0.05倍的对甲苯磺酸,然后放入高压釜中,升温至160℃,在20MPa的压力下保压3h,然后降温至100℃,相同压力下保压3h,以6MPa/s快速卸压得聚苯泡沫板;
(3)第二次改性:将聚苯泡沫板置于容器中,氮气氛围下,按质量比1:1.4:0.1加入甲苯、氯甲蛋氯酸和二月桂酸二丁基锡,甲苯和聚苯泡沫板的质量比为1:1.8,升温至50℃,100rpm下搅拌4h,冷却至室温,过滤,用无水乙醇洗涤3次,得初步改性泡沫板;将初步改性泡沫板、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和对甲苯磺酸按质量比1:20:0.07加入容器中,加热至150℃,以0.1mL/min滴加初步改性泡沫板质量0.5倍的1,2,8-辛三醇溶液,1,2,8-辛三醇溶液中1,2,8-辛三醇和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的质量比为1:6,反应2h后,加热至170℃,继续反应2h后,抽滤,按相同速度滴加初步改性泡沫板质量0.3倍的1,3,5-三羧基戊烷溶液,1,3,5-三羧基戊烷溶液中1,3,5-三羧基戊烷、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和对甲苯磺酸的质量比为1:7:0.1,反应4h,重复上述步骤1次,得改性聚苯泡沫板前体;
(4)第二次发泡:将改性聚苯泡沫板前体置于容器中,喷涂改性聚苯泡沫板前体质量0.7倍的钛酸丁酯溶液,钛酸丁酯溶液中钛酸丁酯、无水乙醇、质量分数为20%的盐酸和去离子水的质量比为1:12:0.002:4,于30kHz超声16min后,密闭放置30℃水浴中,陈化9d,再置于超临界干燥器中,降温至4℃,以20mL/min通入二氧化碳至气压为7MPa,升温至30℃,干燥20min后,以相同速度通入二氧化碳至气压为15MPa,升温至150℃,保压70min后,以6MPa/s快速卸压得改性聚苯泡沫板;
(5)沉积工艺:将改性聚苯泡沫板置于激光设备中,采用氧化锌为靶材,靶材放置于200V的电场和2T的磁场中,电场和磁场相互垂直放置,抽真空至2×10-7Pa,氩气氛围下,沉积50min,得氧化锌泡沫板;所述激光设备:激光波长为248nm,能量密度为5J/cm2,重频为10Hz,靶材和基底的距离为30mm;
(6)烧结:将氧化锌泡沫板置于容器中,喷洒氧化锌泡沫板质量0.07倍的乙酸溶液,乙酸溶液中乙酸和去离子水的质量比为1:7.7,施加200MPa压力,以5℃/min升温至200℃,保压40min后,冷却至室温后,于0.2MPa、60℃加压成型20min,制得保温防风聚苯板。
实施例2
一种保温防风聚苯板的制备方法,所述保温防风聚苯板的制备方法包括以下制备步骤:
(1)第一次改性:将粒径为5mm的聚苯乙烯颗粒置于容器中,臭氧氛围下,氧化40min后,用波长为254nm的紫外灯照射20min,得改性聚苯乙烯颗粒;
(2)第一次发泡:将改性聚苯乙烯颗粒、热固性酚醛树脂、异戊烷按质量比1:1.5:0.1混合,2000rpm下搅拌60s,加入改性聚苯乙烯颗粒质量0.2倍的对甲苯磺酸,然后放入高压釜中,升温至170℃,在30MPa的压力下保压1h,然后降温至120℃,相同压力下保压1h,以8MPa/s快速卸压得聚苯泡沫板;
(3)第二次改性:将聚苯泡沫板置于容器中,氮气氛围下,按质量比1:2.1:0.2加入甲苯、氯甲蛋氯酸和二月桂酸二丁基锡,甲苯和聚苯泡沫板的质量比为1:2.5,升温至60℃,200rpm下搅拌2h,冷却至室温,过滤,用无水乙醇洗涤5次,得初步改性泡沫板;将初步改性泡沫板、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和对甲苯磺酸按质量比1:25:0.2加入容器中,加热至160℃,以0.6mL/min滴加初步改性泡沫板质量0.8倍的1,2,8-辛三醇溶液,1,2,8-辛三醇溶液中1,2,8-辛三醇和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的质量比为1:12,反应4h后,加热至190℃,继续反应5h后,抽滤,按相同速度滴加初步改性泡沫板质量0.6倍的1,3,5-三羧基戊烷溶液,1,3,5-三羧基戊烷溶液中1,3,5-三羧基戊烷、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和对甲苯磺酸的质量比为1:11:0.3,反应7h,重复上述步骤3次,得改性聚苯泡沫板前体;
(4)第二次发泡:将改性聚苯泡沫板前体置于容器中,喷涂改性聚苯泡沫板前体质量1.1倍的钛酸丁酯溶液,钛酸丁酯溶液中钛酸丁酯、无水乙醇、质量分数为20%的盐酸和去离子水的质量比为1:15:0.006:6,于40kHz超声8min后,密闭放置40℃水浴中,陈化7d,再置于超临界干燥器中,降温至6℃,以30mL/min通入二氧化碳至气压为8MPa,升温至35℃,干燥10min后,以相同速度通入二氧化碳至气压为20MPa,升温至160℃,保压50min后,以8MPa/s快速卸压得改性聚苯泡沫板;
(5)沉积工艺:将改性聚苯泡沫板置于激光设备中,采用氧化锌为靶材,靶材放置于400V的电场和8T的磁场中,电场和磁场相互垂直放置,抽真空至5×10-7Pa,氩气氛围下,沉积30min,得氧化锌泡沫板;所述激光设备:激光波长为355nm,能量密度为10J/cm2,重频为30Hz,靶材和基底的距离为50mm;
(6)烧结:将氧化锌泡沫板置于容器中,喷洒氧化锌泡沫板质量0.1倍的乙酸溶液,乙酸溶液中乙酸和去离子水的质量比为1:7.7,施加250MPa压力,以7℃/min升温至230℃,保压30min后,冷却至室温后,于1.5MPa、120℃加压成型5min,制得保温防风聚苯板。
实施例3
一种保温防风聚苯板的制备方法,所述保温防风聚苯板的制备方法包括以下制备步骤:
(1)第一次改性:将粒径为3mm的聚苯乙烯颗粒置于容器中,臭氧氛围下,氧化33min后,用波长为254nm的紫外灯照射14min,得改性聚苯乙烯颗粒;
(2)第一次发泡:将改性聚苯乙烯颗粒、热固性酚醛树脂、异戊烷按质量比1:1.2:0.09混合,1500rpm下搅拌81s,加入改性聚苯乙烯颗粒质量0.08倍的对甲苯磺酸,然后放入高压釜中,升温至165℃,在25MPa的压力下保压2h,然后降温至112℃,相同压力下保压2h,以7MPa/s快速卸压得聚苯泡沫板;
(3)第二次改性:将聚苯泡沫板置于容器中,氮气氛围下,按质量比1:1.9:0.17加入甲苯、氯甲蛋氯酸和二月桂酸二丁基锡,甲苯和聚苯泡沫板的质量比为1:2.1,升温至52℃,150rpm下搅拌3h,冷却至室温,过滤,用无水乙醇洗涤4次,得初步改性泡沫板;将初步改性泡沫板、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和对甲苯磺酸按质量比1:22:0.1加入容器中,加热至158℃,以0.3mL/min滴加初步改性泡沫板质量0.7倍的1,2,8-辛三醇溶液,1,2,8-辛三醇溶液中1,2,8-辛三醇和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的质量比为1:9,反应3h后,加热至188℃,继续反应3.5h后,抽滤,按相同速度滴加初步改性泡沫板质量0.5倍的1,3,5-三羧基戊烷溶液,1,3,5-三羧基戊烷溶液中1,3,5-三羧基戊烷、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和对甲苯磺酸的质量比为1:10:0.2,反应6h,重复上述步骤2次,得改性聚苯泡沫板前体;
(4)第二次发泡:将改性聚苯泡沫板前体置于容器中,喷涂改性聚苯泡沫板前体质量0.9倍的钛酸丁酯溶液,钛酸丁酯溶液中钛酸丁酯、无水乙醇、质量分数为20%的盐酸和去离子水的质量比为1:13:0.005:5,于35kHz超声11min后,密闭放置36℃水浴中,陈化8d,再置于超临界干燥器中,降温至5℃,以28mL/min通入二氧化碳至气压为8MPa,升温至31℃,干燥18min后,以相同速度通入二氧化碳至气压为18MPa,升温至157℃,保压62min后,以7MPa/s快速卸压得改性聚苯泡沫板;
(5)沉积工艺:将改性聚苯泡沫板置于激光设备中,采用氧化锌为靶材,靶材放置于300V的电场和7T的磁场中,电场和磁场相互垂直放置,抽真空至4×10-7Pa,氩气氛围下,沉积41min,得氧化锌泡沫板;所述激光设备:激光波长为350nm,能量密度为8J/cm2,重频为20Hz,靶材和基底的距离为40mm;
(6)烧结:将氧化锌泡沫板置于容器中,喷洒氧化锌泡沫板质量0.09倍的乙酸溶液,乙酸溶液中乙酸和去离子水的质量比为1:7.7,施加230MPa压力,以6℃/min升温至220℃,保压35min后,冷却至室温后,于1.1MPa、100℃加压成型14min,制得保温防风聚苯板。
对比例1
对比例1与实施例3的区别仅在于无步骤(1),其余制备步骤同实施例3。
对比例2
对比例2与实施例3的区别仅在于步骤(3)的不同,将步骤(3)改为:将聚苯泡沫板置于容器中、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和对甲苯磺酸按质量比1:22:0.1加入容器中,加热至158℃,以0.3mL/min滴加初步改性泡沫板质量0.7倍的1,2,8-辛三醇溶液,1,2,8-辛三醇溶液中1,2,8-辛三醇和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的质量比为1:9,反应3h后,加热至188℃,继续反应3.5h后,抽滤,按相同速度滴加初步改性泡沫板质量0.5倍的1,3,5-三羧基戊烷溶液,1,3,5-三羧基戊烷溶液中1,3,5-三羧基戊烷、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和对甲苯磺酸的质量比为1:10:0.2,反应6h,得改性聚苯泡沫板前体。其余制备步骤同实施例3。
对比例3
对比例3与实施例3的区别仅在于步骤(3)的不同,将步骤(3)改为:将聚苯泡沫板置于容器中,氮气氛围下,按质量比1:1.9:0.17加入甲苯、氯甲蛋氯酸和二月桂酸二丁基锡,甲苯和聚苯泡沫板的质量比为1:2.1,升温至52℃,150rpm下搅拌3h,冷却至室温,过滤,用无水乙醇洗涤4次,得初步改性泡沫板;将初步改性泡沫板、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和对甲苯磺酸按质量比1:22:0.1加入容器中,加热至158℃,以0.3mL/min滴加初步改性泡沫板质量0.5倍的1,3,5-三羧基戊烷溶液,1,3,5-三羧基戊烷溶液中1,3,5-三羧基戊烷、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和对甲苯磺酸的质量比为1:10:0.2,反应6h,得改性聚苯泡沫板前体。其余制备步骤同实施例3。
对比例4
对比例4与实施例3的区别仅在于步骤(5)的不同,将步骤(5)改为:将改性聚苯泡沫板置于激光设备中,采用氧化锌为靶材,靶材放置于7T的磁场中,电场和磁场相互垂直放置,抽真空至4×10-7Pa,氩气氛围下,沉积41min,得氧化锌泡沫板;所述激光设备:激光波长为350nm,能量密度为8J/cm2,重频为20Hz,靶材和基底的距离为40mm。其余制备步骤同实施例3。
对比例5
对比例5与实施例3的区别仅在于步骤(5)的不同,将步骤(5)改为:将改性聚苯泡沫板置于激光设备中,采用氧化锌为靶材,靶材放置于300V的电场中,电场和磁场相互垂直放置,抽真空至4×10-7Pa,氩气氛围下,沉积41min,得氧化锌泡沫板;所述激光设备:激光波长为350nm,能量密度为8J/cm2,重频为20Hz,靶材和基底的距离为40mm。其余制备步骤同实施例3。
对比例6
对比例6与实施例3的区别仅在于步骤(6)的不同,将步骤(6)改为:将氧化锌泡沫板于1.1MPa、100℃加压成型14min,制得保温防风聚苯板。其余制备步骤同实施例3。
效果例
下表1给出了采用本发明实施例1至3与对比例1至6的保温防风聚苯板的性能分析结果。
表1
导热系数W/(m·k) | 背面温度(℃) | 霉斑情况 | |
实施例1 | 0.031 | 27 | 无霉斑 |
实施例2 | 0.032 | 26 | 无霉斑 |
实施例3 | 0.030 | 25 | 无霉斑 |
对比例1 | 0.155 | 45 | 无霉斑 |
对比例2 | 0.156 | 47 | 无霉斑 |
对比例3 | 0.151 | 43 | 无霉斑 |
对比例4 | 0.035 | 28 | 大量霉斑 |
对比例5 | 0.034 | 26 | 大量霉斑 |
对比例6 | 0.036 | 27 | 大量霉斑 |
从实施例与对比例的导热系数、背面温度实验数据比较可发现,利用臭氧-紫外预处理,在表面形成丰富的羟基,有利于后续改性处理进行,利用氯甲蛋氯酸、1,2,8-辛三醇和1,3,5-三羧基戊烷对聚苯板进行改性,并且在孔洞及表面形成超支化聚酯相变膜,实现聚苯板保温效果,同时,在聚苯板空隙中形成二氧化钛醇凝胶,利用超临界干燥,沿孔隙生长形成气凝胶,有效吸收、屏蔽红外线,使聚苯板具有良好的隔热效果,同时利用超临界干燥继续发泡聚苯板,使气凝胶和聚苯板的气孔相互融合,形成大小较均匀且独立存在的新泡孔,增益聚苯板的保温、隔热效果;从实施例与对比例的霉斑情况实验数据比较可发现,利用磁场-电场辅助脉冲激光沉积纳米氧化锌薄膜,强脉冲激光与氧化锌靶相互作用形成金属原子,并且在经电场-磁场活化的工作气体帮助下,形成过饱和蒸气,凝聚于表面,生成抑菌防霉膜,使聚苯板具有防霉效果,同时利用烧结工艺,使表面纳米氧化锌薄膜闭孔,提高致密程度,有效阻挡空气、霉菌进入,提高聚苯板的防霉性能。
对于本领域技术人员而言,显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节,而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下,能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此,无论从哪一点来看,均应将实施例看作是示范性的,而且是非限制性的,本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定,因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内。不应将权利要求中的任何标记视为限制所涉及的权利要求。
Claims (8)
1.一种保温防风聚苯板,其特征在于,从上至下依次为金属薄膜和改性聚苯泡沫板;所述金属薄膜利用磁场-电场辅助脉冲激光在改性聚苯泡沫板凝聚纳米氧化锌,再经烧结制得;
所述改性聚苯泡沫板依次通过第一次改性处理、第一次发泡、第二次改性处理、第二次发泡步骤制得;
所述第一次改性处理:利用臭氧氧化预处理后,再经紫外光照射,得改性聚苯乙烯颗粒;所述第一次发泡:将改性聚苯乙烯颗粒、热固性树脂、发泡剂和固化剂混合并加压发泡,得聚苯泡沫板;所述第二次改性处理:利用氯甲蛋氯酸、1,2,8-辛三醇和1,3,5-三羧基戊烷改性聚苯泡沫板,制得改性聚苯泡沫板前体;第二次发泡:先喷涂正钛酸丁酯与乙醇,形成二氧化钛醇凝胶,再利用超临界干燥,制得改性聚苯泡沫板。
2.一种保温防风聚苯板的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下制备步骤:
(1)第一次改性:将聚苯乙烯颗粒置于容器中,臭氧氛围下,氧化30~40min后,用紫外灯照射10~20min,得改性聚苯乙烯颗粒;
(2)第一次发泡:将改性聚苯乙烯颗粒、热固性树脂、发泡剂按质量比1:0.8:0.04~1:1.5:0.1混合,1000~2000rpm下搅拌60~90s,加入改性聚苯乙烯颗粒质量0.05~0.2倍的固化剂,然后放入高压釜中,升温至160~170℃,在20~30MPa的压力下保压1~3h,然后降温至100~120℃,相同压力下保压1~3h,快速卸压得聚苯泡沫板;
(3)第二次改性:将聚苯泡沫板在氮气保护下,加入甲苯、氯甲蛋氯酸和二月桂酸二丁基锡,搅拌反应后,过滤洗涤,得初步改性泡沫板;将初步改性泡沫板与N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、对甲苯磺酸混合,加热,然后滴加1,2,8-辛三醇溶液,反应一段时间后,继续加热、反应、抽滤,接着,滴加1,3,5-三羧基戊烷溶液,重复上述步骤1~3次,得改性聚苯泡沫板前体;
(4)第二次发泡:将改性聚苯泡沫板前体置于容器中,喷涂改性聚苯泡沫板前体质量0.7~1.1倍的钛酸丁酯溶液,于30~40kHz超声8~16min后,密闭放置30~40℃水浴中,陈化7~9d,再置于超临界干燥器中,降温至4~6℃,以20~30mL/min通入二氧化碳至气压为7~8MPa,升温至30~35℃,干燥10~20min后,以相同速度通入二氧化碳至气压为15~20MPa,升温至150~160℃,保压50~70min后,快速卸压得改性聚苯泡沫板;
(5)沉积工艺:将改性聚苯泡沫板置于激光设备中,采用氧化锌为靶材,靶材放置于200~400V的电场和2~8T的磁场中,电场和磁场相互垂直放置,抽真空至2×10-7~5×10-7Pa,氩气氛围下,沉积30~50min,得氧化锌泡沫板;
(6)烧结:将氧化锌泡沫板置于容器中,喷洒氧化锌泡沫板质量0.07~0.1倍的乙酸溶液,乙酸溶液中乙酸和去离子水的质量比为1:7.7,施加200~250MPa压力,以5~7℃/min升温至200~230℃,保压30~40min后,冷却至室温后,于0.2~1.5MPa、60~120℃加压成型5~20min,制得保温防风聚苯板。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种保温防风聚苯板的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述聚苯乙烯颗粒的粒径为1~5mm;所述紫外灯的波长为254nm。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种保温防风聚苯板的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述热固性树脂为热固性环氧树脂、热固性酚醛树脂或热固性聚酯树脂的一种或多种混合;所述发泡剂为二氯甲烷、双氧水、铝粉、石油醚、异戊烷或环戊烷的一种或多种混合;所述固化剂为对甲苯磺酸、磷酸或苯酚磺酸中的一种或多种混合。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种保温防风聚苯板的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)所述第二次改性的具体步骤为:
A、将聚苯泡沫板置于容器中,氮气氛围下,按质量比1:1.4:0.1~1:2.1:0.2加入甲苯、氯甲蛋氯酸和二月桂酸二丁基锡,甲苯和聚苯泡沫板的质量比为1:1.8~1:2.5,升温至50~60℃,100~200rpm下搅拌2~4h,冷却至室温,过滤,用无水乙醇洗涤3~5次,得初步改性泡沫板;
B、将初步改性泡沫板、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和对甲苯磺酸按质量比1:20:0.07~1:25:0.2加入容器中,加热至150~160℃,以0.1~0.6mL/min滴加初步改性泡沫板质量0.5~0.8倍的1,2,8-辛三醇溶液,1,2,8-辛三醇溶液中1,2,8-辛三醇和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的质量比为1:6~1:12,反应2~4h后,加热至170~190℃,继续反应2~5h后,抽滤,按相同速度滴加初步改性泡沫板质量0.3~0.6倍的1,3,5-三羧基戊烷溶液,1,3,5-三羧基戊烷溶液中1,3,5-三羧基戊烷、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和对甲苯磺酸的质量比为1:7:0.1~1:11:0.3,反应4~7h,重复上述步骤1~3次,得改性聚苯泡沫板前体。
6.根据权利要求2所述的一种保温防风聚苯板的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)所述钛酸丁酯溶液为将钛酸丁酯、无水乙醇、质量分数为20%的盐酸和去离子水按质量比1:12:0.002:4~1:15:0.006:6混合均匀。
7.根据权利要求2所述的一种保温防风聚苯板的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)、步骤(4)所述快速卸压速率为6~8MPa/s。
8.根据权利要求2所述的一种保温防风聚苯板的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)所述激光设备:激光波长为248~355nm,能量密度为5~10J/cm2,重频为10~30Hz,靶材和基底的距离为30~50mm。
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JP2012132031A (ja) * | 2012-04-13 | 2012-07-12 | Jsp Corp | 改質樹脂発泡粒子及びその製造方法 |
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CN112980041A (zh) * | 2021-02-23 | 2021-06-18 | 长沙三思新材料科技有限公司 | 一种抗黄变高强发泡聚苯乙烯保温材料的制备方法 |
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JPH07239087A (ja) * | 1994-02-28 | 1995-09-12 | Sekisui Plastics Co Ltd | 熱伝導率の低いスチレン系樹脂断熱材及びその製造方法 |
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