CN114505074A - 一种双降式非道路汽油机用催化剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种双降式非道路汽油机用催化剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种双降式非道路汽油机用催化剂及其制备方法，所述催化剂包括蜂窝催化剂和GPF催化剂，所述蜂窝催化剂和GPF催化剂作为连续的非道路汽油通机尾气处理催化剂构造，直接安装在发电机组后；所述蜂窝催化剂和GPF催化剂封装于同一筒体中；所述蜂窝催化剂包括蜂窝载体和涂覆于蜂窝载体表面的第一活性组分涂层；所述GPF催化剂包括GPF载体和负载于GPF载体表面的第二活性组分涂层。本发明通过蜂窝催化剂和GPF催化剂的组合方式，提高了催化性能，有效降低了PM2.5颗粒物；蜂窝催化剂和GPF催化剂按照顺序安装在发电机组后，排放尾气先经过蜂窝催化剂再经过GPF催化剂，废气处理效果好，去除率高，降低HC与CO同时降低PM2.5颗粒物排放。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于尾气处理技术领域，具体涉及一种双降式非道路汽油机用催化剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
为了满足环境需求，对车辆尾气排放量也越来越严格，冬季雾霾的加重，迫使有条件的国内非道路汽油机尾气处理目前满足国三的条件下，还需要处理PM2.5颗粒物。非道路汽油机尾气排放主要为HC、CO和少量颗粒物。目前非道路汽油机常用的为丝网催化剂，该催化剂耐久后会出现收缩变形和断丝，导致排放超标。单独金属丝网催化剂也不能满足去除颗粒物的要求。所以市场急需一种双降催化剂，满足尾气排放要求的同时也可以有效降低PM2.5颗粒物。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术中存在的不足，提供一种双降式非道路汽油机用催化剂及其制备方法，能够高效处理HC、CO废气的同时，有效降低PM2.5颗粒物，成为双降催化剂。
为解决现有技术的不足，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种双降式非道路汽油机用催化剂，包括蜂窝催化剂和GPF催化剂，所述蜂窝催化剂和GPF催化剂作为连续的非道路汽油通机尾气处理催化剂构造，直接安装在发电机组后；所述蜂窝催化剂和GPF催化剂封装于同一筒体中；
所述蜂窝催化剂包括蜂窝载体和涂覆于蜂窝载体表面的第一活性组分涂层；所述GPF催化剂包括GPF载体和负载于GPF载体表面的第二活性组分涂层。
优选的，所述蜂窝催化剂安装在发电机组后，所述GPF催化剂设置在所述蜂窝催化剂后面；所述蜂窝催化剂和GPF催化剂之间的距离为20-100mm。
优选的，所述第一活性组分涂层和第二活性组分涂层均为铈锆固溶体与γ-氧化铝的混合物；所述第一活性组分涂层中的铈锆固溶体负载贵金属铂或铂和钯；所述第二活性组分涂层中的铈锆固溶体负载贵金属铂或钯和铑。
优选的，所述蜂窝催化剂的载体为金属蜂窝载体，所述金属蜂窝载体的目数为200-400目。
优选的，所述金属蜂窝载体为金属丝丝网，丝径为0.3-0.5mm。
优选的，所述GPF载体为陶瓷蜂窝载体，所述陶瓷蜂窝载体的目数为200-400目。
本发明还提供一种双降式非道路汽油机用催化剂的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
a、蜂窝催化剂的制备：取铂或铂和钯的硝酸溶液加入铈锆粉水溶液中，搅拌1-3小时后120℃烘干，马弗炉300-500℃焙烧1-4小时，冷却至室温，得到含贵金属的铈锆粉固溶体；对金属蜂窝载体进行高温处理，在金属蜂窝载体的表面涂覆含贵金属的铈锆粉固溶体并烘干；
b、GPF催化剂的制备：在去离子水中加入硝酸溶液，调节溶液PH值为2-4，加入100-400g氧化铝粉末与50-300g铈锆粉，搅拌2-5小时制得水溶液；称取铂或钯和铂的氯化盐或硝酸盐加入水溶液，搅拌不少于1小时制得盐溶液；GPF载体从进气方向浸泡入制得的盐溶液中，浸泡1-10分钟后，用气枪吹扫，除去多余浆液，在100-150℃条件下干燥1-3小时，之后在400-650℃焙烧2-4小时，冷却获得含贵金属的GPF催化剂。
优选的，所述步骤a贵金属与铈锆粉重量比为0.05％-3％。
优选的，所述步骤b贵金属与氧化铝重量比为0.1％。
本发明的有益效果在于：
本发明通过蜂窝催化剂和GPF催化剂的组合催化剂，有效提高了催化性能，使得废气处理效果优异，去除率高；在有效降低HC、CO废气的同时能有效降低PM2.5颗粒物。
本发明的蜂窝催化剂和GPF催化剂作为两个部件按照顺序安装在发电机组后，且封装于一个筒体内，排放尾气先经过蜂窝催化剂再经过GPF催化剂，不仅废气处理效果好，去除率高，而且催化剂可以更换，使用方便。
附图说明
图1为本发明催化剂的安装示意图。
附图标记说明：1-蜂窝催化剂、2-GPF催化剂。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
如图1所示：一种双降式非道路汽油机用催化剂，包括蜂窝催化剂1和GPF催化剂2，所述蜂窝催化剂1和GPF催化剂2作为连续的非道路汽油通机尾气处理催化剂构造，直接安装在发电机组后；所述蜂窝催化剂1和GPF催化剂2封装于同一筒体中；所述蜂窝催化剂1包括蜂窝载体和涂覆于蜂窝载体表面的第一活性组分涂层；所述GPF催化剂2包括GPF载体和负载于GPF载体表面的第二活性组分涂层。
具体的，所述第一活性组分涂层和第二活性组分涂层均为铈锆固溶体与γ-氧化铝的混合物；所述第一活性组分涂层中的铈锆固溶体负载贵金属铂或铂和钯；所述第二活性组分涂层中的铈锆固溶体负载贵金属铂或钯和铑。
实施例2
本发明提供一种双降式非道路汽油机用催化剂的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
a、蜂窝催化剂1的制备：取硝酸钯的溶液加入铈锆粉水溶液中，搅拌1小时后120℃烘干，马弗炉300℃焙烧1小时，冷却至室温，得到含贵金属钯的铈锆粉固溶体；以目数为200的金属蜂窝为载体，其中，蜂窝的金属丝丝网丝径为0.3mm，可优化废气处理效果，对金属蜂窝载体500℃下处理2h，然后在金属蜂窝载体的表面涂覆含贵金属钯的铈锆粉固溶体并烘干，制得钯含量为60g/ft3的单钯蜂窝催化剂；
b、GPF催化剂2的制备：在1000g去离子水中加入浓度为63％的硝酸溶液，调节溶液PH值为2，加入100g氧化铝粉末与50g铈锆粉，搅拌2小时制得水溶液；称取硝酸铂加入水溶液，计算贵金属铂与氧化铝重量比为0.1％，搅拌1小时制得硝酸铂溶液；300目的GPF载体从进气方向浸泡入制得的硝酸铂溶液中，浸泡5分钟后，用气枪吹扫，除去多余浆液，在100℃条件下干燥1小时，之后在400℃焙烧2小时，冷却获得铂含量为15g/ft3的GPF催化剂。
所述步骤a中贵金属钯与铈锆粉重量比为0.05％-3％。
将本实施例制备得到的蜂窝催化剂1安装在发电机组后，GPF催化剂2设置在所述蜂窝催化剂1后面；所述蜂窝催化剂1和GPF催化剂2之间的距离为50mm。
实施例3
本发明提供一种双降式非道路汽油机用催化剂的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
a、蜂窝催化剂1的制备：取硝酸钯的溶液加入铈锆粉水溶液中，搅拌2小时后120℃烘干，马弗炉400℃焙烧3小时，冷却至室温，得到含贵金属钯的铈锆粉固溶体；以目数为200的金属蜂窝为载体，其中，蜂窝的金属丝丝网丝径为0.4mm，可优化废气处理效果，对金属蜂窝载体500℃下处理2h，然后在金属蜂窝载体的表面涂覆含贵金属钯的铈锆粉固溶体并烘干，制得钯含量为60g/ft3的单钯蜂窝催化剂；
b、GPF催化剂2的制备：在1000g去离子水中加入浓度为63％的硝酸溶液，调节溶液PH值为3，加入200g氧化铝粉末与100g铈锆粉，搅拌3小时制得水溶液；称取硝酸铂加入水溶液，计算贵金属铂与氧化铝重量比为0.1％，搅拌1小时制得硝酸铂溶液；300目的GPF载体从进气方向浸泡入制得的硝酸铂溶液中，浸泡10分钟后，用气枪吹扫，除去多余浆液，在120℃条件下干燥2小时，之后在500℃焙烧3小时，冷却获得铂含量为20g/ft3的GPF催化剂。
所述步骤a中贵金属钯与铈锆粉重量比为0.05％-3％。
将本实施例制备得到的蜂窝催化剂1安装在发电机组后，GPF催化剂2设置在所述蜂窝催化剂1后面；所述蜂窝催化剂1和GPF催化剂2之间的距离为80mm。
实施例4
本发明提供一种双降式非道路汽油机用催化剂的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
a、蜂窝催化剂1的制备：取硝酸钯的溶液加入铈锆粉水溶液中，搅拌3小时后120℃烘干，马弗炉500℃焙烧4小时，冷却至室温，得到含贵金属钯的铈锆粉固溶体；以目数为200的金属蜂窝为载体，其中，蜂窝的金属丝丝网丝径为0.5mm，可优化废气处理效果，对金属蜂窝载体500℃下处理2h，然后在金属蜂窝载体的表面涂覆含贵金属钯的铈锆粉固溶体并烘干，制得钯含量为60g/ft3的单钯蜂窝催化剂；
b、GPF催化剂2的制备：在1000g去离子水中加入浓度为63％的硝酸溶液，调节溶液PH值为4，加入400g氧化铝粉末与300g铈锆粉，搅拌5小时制得水溶液；称取硝酸铂和硝酸铑加入水溶液，计算贵金属铂和铑与氧化铝重量比为0.1％，搅拌1小时制得硝酸铂溶液；300目的GPF载体从进气方向浸泡入制得的硝酸铂溶液中，浸泡10分钟后，用气枪吹扫，除去多余浆液，在150℃条件下干燥3小时，之后在650℃焙烧4小时，冷却获得铂含量为15g/ft3，铑含量为5g/ft3的GPF催化剂。
所述步骤a中贵金属钯与铈锆粉重量比为0.05％-3％。
将本实施例制备得到的蜂窝催化剂1安装在发电机组后，GPF催化剂2设置在所述蜂窝催化剂1后面；所述蜂窝催化剂1和GPF催化剂2之间的距离为100mm。
将实施例2-4制备的催化剂用在排量为0.1L的发电机组，进行排放性能测试，催化活性如表1所示：
表1
表1中实施例2-4与原机排放的对比结果可以看出：
本发明的双降式非道路汽油机用催化剂对HC和CO有明显的催化活性，能有效处理HC、CO废气，同时能有效降低PM2.5的浓度。
最后所应说明的是，以上具体实施方式仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制，尽管参照实例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。
Claims (9)
1.一种双降式非道路汽油机用催化剂，其特征在于：包括蜂窝催化剂（1）和GPF催化剂（2），所述蜂窝催化剂（1）和GPF催化剂（2）作为连续的非道路汽油通机尾气处理催化剂构造，直接安装在发电机组后；所述蜂窝催化剂（1）和GPF催化剂（2）封装于同一筒体中；
所述蜂窝催化剂（1）包括蜂窝载体和涂覆于蜂窝载体表面的第一活性组分涂层；所述GPF催化剂（2）包括GPF载体和负载于GPF载体表面的第二活性组分涂层。
2.如权利要求1所述的双降式非道路汽油机用催化剂，其特征在于：所述蜂窝催化剂（1）安装在发电机组后，所述GPF催化剂（2）设置在所述蜂窝催化剂（1）后面；所述蜂窝催化剂（1）和GPF催化剂（2）之间的距离为20-100mm。
3.如权利要求1所述的双降式非道路汽油机用催化剂，其特征在于：所述第一活性组分涂层和第二活性组分涂层均为铈锆固溶体与γ-氧化铝的混合物；所述第一活性组分涂层中的铈锆固溶体负载贵金属铂或铂和钯；所述第二活性组分涂层中的铈锆固溶体负载贵金属铂或钯和铑。
4.如权利要求1所述的双降式非道路汽油机用催化剂，其特征在于：所述蜂窝催化剂（1）的载体为金属蜂窝载体，所述金属蜂窝载体的目数为200-400目。
5.如权利要求4所述的双降式非道路汽油机用催化剂，其特征在于：所述金属蜂窝载体为金属丝丝网，丝径为0.3-0.5mm。
6.如权利要求1所述的双降式非道路汽油机用催化剂，其特征在于：所述GPF载体为陶瓷蜂窝载体，所述陶瓷蜂窝载体的目数为200-400目。
7.一种双降式非道路汽油机用催化剂的制备方法，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：
a、蜂窝催化剂（1）的制备：取铂或铂和钯的硝酸溶液加入铈锆粉水溶液中，搅拌1-3小时后120℃烘干，马弗炉300-500℃焙烧1-4小时，冷却至室温，得到含贵金属的铈锆粉固溶体；对金属蜂窝载体进行高温处理，在金属蜂窝载体的表面涂覆含贵金属的铈锆粉固溶体并烘干；
b、GPF催化剂（2）的制备：在去离子水中加入硝酸溶液，调节溶液PH值为2-4，加入100-400g氧化铝粉末与50-300g铈锆粉，搅拌2-5小时制得水溶液；称取铂或钯和铂的氯化盐或硝酸盐加入水溶液，搅拌不少于1小时制得盐溶液；GPF载体从进气方向浸泡入制得的盐溶液中，浸泡1-10分钟后，用气枪吹扫，除去多余浆液，在100-150℃条件下干燥1-3小时，之后在400-650℃焙烧2-4小时，冷却获得含贵金属的GPF催化剂。
8.如权利要求7所述的双降式非道路汽油机用催化剂的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤a贵金属与铈锆粉重量比为0.05%-3%。
9.如权利要求7所述的双降式非道路汽油机用催化剂的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤b贵金属与氧化铝重量比为0.1%。
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