CN114479455A - 一种成膜性良好的高导热聚酰亚胺薄膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种成膜性良好的高导热聚酰亚胺薄膜,包括以下重量份的原料:芳香族二胺单体8‑75份、芳香族二酐单体35‑70份、导热填料30‑65份、成膜辅料0.2‑0.8份、极性溶剂400‑800份,经过将芳香族二胺单体和芳香族二酐单体与导热填料在极性溶剂中反应,得到的混合液通过流涎模头流涎到移动的环形的钢带上,经过加热固化和加热亚胺化,得到聚酰亚胺薄膜。本发明制备得到的聚酰亚胺薄膜,导热系数高且抗拉强度表现优异。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及薄膜技术领域,具体是涉及到一种成膜性良好的高导热聚酰亚胺薄膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着先进电子及高频通信技术的发展,电子元器件的功率和布线密度大幅增加,在运行过程中单位体积产生的热量急剧增大。由此引起的热堆积现象会导致线路之间的信号延迟、串扰和能耗,严重影响器件的性能可靠性和使用寿命。聚酰亚胺(PI)薄膜是一种新型的耐高温有机聚合物薄膜,具有优良的力学性能、电性能、化学稳定性以及很高的抗辐射性能、耐高温和耐低温性能。其中聚酰亚胺薄膜,被誉为“黄金薄膜”,被广泛应用于空间技术,F、H级电机、电器的绝缘、FPC(柔性印刷线路板)、PTC电热膜、TAB(压敏胶带基材)、航天、航空、计算机、电磁线、变压器、音响、手机、电脑、冶炼、采矿电子元器件工业、汽车、交通运输、原子能工业等电子电器行业。传统聚酰亚胺薄膜的本征导热系数较低,只有0.16-0.20w/m·k,无法满足电子元器件的快速散热需求,极大限制了聚酰亚胺薄膜在更多新领域的使用。
目前高导热聚酰亚胺薄膜,主要采用二胺单体和二酐单体合成聚酰胺酸,以氮化硼、氧化铝、氧化锌、氮化硅、氮化铝等导热组分作为填充物,以提升聚酰亚胺薄膜的导热系数,此配方得到的薄膜材料具有较好的导热率且易于工业化生产,是目前高导热聚酰亚胺薄膜研究的主要方向。但对于聚酰亚胺/导热填料复合导热薄膜的设计,不仅要选择合适的基体与填料,还需要调控聚合物基体与导热填料的界面相互作用、分散形态等,而且从性能平衡角度出发,不仅要考虑复合薄膜的导热性能,更要综合考虑其绝缘性能、力学性能以及可加工性等。此外导热填料的类型、尺寸、加入量,及其与聚酰亚胺基体的界面相互作用等方面,都会成为复合薄膜材料导热性能的关键影响因素。因此聚酰亚胺/导热填料复合导热薄膜,也存在着成膜性和机械性能较差等问题,难以实现工业化生产的问题。
为从根本上解决散热问题,急需提供一种成膜性良好的高导热聚酰亚胺薄膜及其制备方法。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的不足,本发明提供一种成膜性良好的高导热聚酰亚胺薄膜及其制备方法,制备出的聚酰亚胺薄膜,导热系数高且抗拉强度表现优异。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:
一种成膜性良好的高导热聚酰亚胺薄膜,包括以下重量份的原料:
进一步的,所述导热填料为氧化铝、氧化镁、氧化锌、氮化铝、氮化硼、碳纳米管、石墨烯一种或任几种。导热填料的加入可以提升导电系数;
更进一步的,所述导热填料呈不规则形状,粒径小于10μm。通过加入呈不规则形状的导热填料,能更好的提升导电系数和抗拉强度。
进一步的,所述芳香族二酐为苯四甲酸二酐、二苯酮四酸二酐、4,4'-氧双邻苯二甲酸酐、3,3',4,4'-联苯四甲酸二酐、双酚A二酐中的一种或多种。
进一步的,所述芳香族二胺为二氨基二苯醚(ODA)、对苯二胺(p-PDA)、TAB中的一种或多种。
进一步的,所述极性溶剂为N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)和N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中的任一种。
进一步的,所述成膜辅料为含氟乙烯树脂,添加含氟乙烯树脂,进一步加强导热填料与聚酰亚胺基体的界面相互作用,使亚胺化不发生脆断从而提升成膜性;含氟乙烯树脂的加入,另一方面降低导热薄膜与钢带之间的摩擦系数而更容易形成完整薄膜。成膜辅料粒径为亚微米至微米级别,即0.1-1μm。
一种成膜性良好的高导热聚酰亚胺薄膜的制备方法,包括以下步骤:将芳香族二胺单体和芳香族二酐单体与导热填料在极性溶剂中反应,得到的混合液通过流涎模头流涎到移动的环形的钢带上,经过加热固化和加热亚胺化,得到聚酰亚胺薄膜;
进一步的,成膜性良好的高导热聚酰亚胺薄膜的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤
S1、备料,将导热填料、成膜辅料混合分散在极性溶剂中,进行超声处理,再加入芳香族二胺单体,搅拌至芳香族二胺单体全部溶解,得到混合液A;
S2、将芳香族二酐单体加入到步骤S1中混合液A,搅拌,过滤,静置,消泡,得到混合液B;
S3、将混合液B加入进料斗中,通过流涎挤出模头通道挤出后,用刮刀控制薄膜的厚度,使混合液B在钢带上流涎成膜状,100-105℃加热脱除薄膜中部分溶剂,得到具有一定自撑性的聚酰胺酸凝胶膜,再进行加热亚胺化,即按80℃/10min+180℃/60min+230℃/30min+390℃/60min的梯度进行升温,亚胺化完成后自然冷却,得到高导热聚酰亚胺薄膜。
进一步的,所述步骤S1中超声处理条件为:200-400W,搅拌速度150-200r/min。
进一步的,所述步骤S2中过滤为过500-600目滤网。
本发明的有益效果是:
原料中通过加入不规则微米级的导热辅料和亚微米至微米级成膜性辅料,提升成膜性和抗拉强度的辅料,实现聚酰亚胺薄膜中形成紧密的导热网络结构,其中成膜性辅料均匀填充在导热辅料中间,不影响导热性能,使厚度均具有均一性,并且产品的导热性能、成膜性和强机械度良好,同时制备工艺简单,对现有工艺改动小,适合大批量生产。
具体实施方式
为了便于本领域技术人员的理解,下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的说明,实施方式提及的内容并非对本发明的限定。
实施例1
一种成膜性良好的高导热聚酰亚胺薄膜,包括以下重量份的原料:
导热填料65份、成膜辅料0.8份、芳香族二酐75份、芳香族二胺70份、N-甲基吡咯烷酮800份;
其中导热填料为粒径为9μm的不规则氮化铝,成膜辅料为粒径为1μm的含氟乙烯树脂;芳香族二酐为苯四甲酸二酐(PMDA),芳香族二胺为二氨基二苯醚(ODA);
高导热聚酰亚胺薄膜的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将65份的导热填料和0.8份成膜辅料分散在800份的N-甲基吡咯烷酮中超声1h,超声处理条件为:200W,搅拌速度150r/min,再加入70份的ODA,机械搅拌至ODA完全溶解在溶剂中,得到均匀混合体系;
(2)将50份的PMDA分3次依次加入到步骤(1)制得的混合体系中,待全部加入后,机械搅拌反应3h,得到有一定黏度的聚酰胺酸溶液。然后将聚酰胺酸溶液倒入含有3张500目滤网的过滤器以正压方式过滤。然后将其抽真空30min且静置30min进行消泡后,得到无气泡的聚酰胺酸溶液;
(3)将消泡后的聚酰胺酸溶液加入进料斗中,通过流涎挤出模头通道挤出后,用刮刀控制薄膜的厚度,使聚酰胺酸溶液在钢带上流涎成膜状,100-105℃加热脱除薄膜中部分溶剂,得到具有一定自撑性的聚酰胺酸凝胶膜,再进行加热亚胺化,即按80℃/10min+180℃/60min+230℃/30min+390℃/60min的梯度进行升温,亚胺化完成自然冷却,得到高导热聚酰亚胺薄膜。
经试验检测,本实施例1所制备的聚酰亚胺薄膜,其导热系数为0.92w/m·k,抗拉强度105-106MPa;成膜性:在干燥时候能形成一张完整的薄膜并容易地剥离,在加热亚胺化后,成膜时不容易脆断。
实施例2
一种成膜性良好的高导热聚酰亚胺薄膜,包括以下重量份的原料:
导热填料45份、成膜辅料0.5份,芳香族二酐55份、芳香族二胺50份、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺600份;
其中导热填料包括占比15%的粒径级为3μm的不规则氧化锌和占比30%的1μm的氧化铝、其余为粒径为2μm的石墨烯;成膜辅料为粒径0.5μm的含氟乙烯树脂;芳香族二酐为苯四甲酸二酐(PMDA),芳香族二胺为二氨基二苯醚(ODA);
该薄膜的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将45份的导热填料和0.5份成膜辅料分散在600份的N,N-二甲基乙酰胺中超声1h,超声处理条件为:400W,搅拌速度200r/min,再加入70份的ODA,机械搅拌至ODA完全溶解在溶剂中,得到均匀混合体系;
(2)将50份的PMDA分3次依次加入到步骤(1)制得的混合体系中,待全部加入后,机械搅拌反应3h,得到有一定黏度的聚酰胺酸溶液。然后将聚酰胺酸溶液倒入含有3张600目滤网的过滤器以正压方式过滤。然后将其抽真空30min且静置30min进行消泡后,得到无气泡的聚酰胺酸溶液;
(3)将消泡后的聚酰胺酸溶液加入进料斗中,通过流涎挤出模头通道挤出后,用刮刀控制薄膜的厚度,使聚酰胺酸溶液在钢带上流涎成膜状,105℃加热脱除薄膜中部分溶剂,得到具有一定自撑性的聚酰胺酸凝胶膜,再进行加热亚胺化,即按80℃/10min+180℃/60min+230℃/30min+390℃/60min的梯度进行升温,亚胺化完成自然冷却,得到高导热聚酰亚胺薄膜。
经试验检测,本实施例2所制备的聚酰亚胺薄膜,其导热系数为0.75w/m·k,抗拉强度98-100MPa;成膜性:在干燥时候能形成一张完整的薄膜并容易地剥离,在加热亚胺化后,成膜时不容易脆断。
实施例3
一种成膜性良好的高导热聚酰亚胺薄膜,包括以下重量份的原料:
导热填料30份、成膜辅料0.2份,芳香族二酐38份、芳香族二胺35份、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺400份;其中导热填料为氮化硼(不规则状,粒径为0.5μm);芳香族二酐为苯四甲酸二酐(PMDA),芳香族二胺为二氨基二苯醚(ODA),成膜辅料为粒径为0.1μm的含氟乙烯树脂。
该薄膜的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)将30份的导热填料和0.2份成膜辅料分散在400份的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中超声1h,超声处理条件为:300W,搅拌速度180r/min,再加入35份的ODA,机械搅拌至ODA完全溶解在溶剂中,得到均匀混合体系;
(2)将38份的PMDA分3次依次加入到步骤(1)制得的混合体系中,待全部加入后,机械搅拌反应3h,得到有一定黏度的聚酰胺酸溶液。然后将聚酰胺酸溶液倒入含有3张550目滤网的过滤器以正压方式过滤。然后将其抽真空30min且静置30min进行消泡后,得到无气泡的聚酰胺酸溶液;
(3)将消泡后的聚酰胺酸溶液加入进料斗中,通过流涎挤出模头通道挤出后,用刮刀控制薄膜的厚度,使聚酰胺酸溶液在钢带上流涎成膜状,103℃加热脱除薄膜中部分溶剂,得到具有一定自撑性的聚酰胺酸凝胶膜,再进行加热亚胺化,即按80℃/10min+180℃/60min+230℃/30min+390℃/60min的梯度进行升温,亚胺化完成自然冷却,得到高导热聚酰亚胺薄膜。
经试验检测,本实施例3所制备的聚酰亚胺薄膜,其导热系数为0.68w/m·k,抗拉强度95-97MPa;成膜性:在干燥时候能形成一张完整的薄膜并容易地剥离,在加热亚胺化后,成膜时不容易脆断。
对比例1
未加入导热填料,其余条件和实施例1一致。
经试验检测,本对比例1所制备的聚酰亚胺薄膜,其导热系数为0.12w/m·k,抗拉强度30-35MPa;成膜性:在干燥时候能形成一张完整的薄膜并容易地剥离,在加热亚胺化后,成膜时可发生脆断。
对比例2
未加入成膜辅料,其余条件和实施例1一致。
经试验检测,本对比例2所制备的聚酰亚胺薄膜,其导热系数为0.50w/m·k,抗拉强度50-54MPa;成膜性:在干燥时候能不能形成一张完整的薄膜并且不容易地剥离,在加热亚胺化后,不成膜。
因此从实施例1-3以及对比例1、2可看出,在加入导热填料后,能明显的提升聚酰亚胺薄膜的导热系数和抗拉强度;在加入成膜辅料后,有助于薄膜成膜的形成;而在同时加入导热填料和成膜辅料后,两者起到协同增效的作用,整体提高了聚酰亚胺薄膜的导热系数和抗拉强度,以及有助于形成完整的薄膜。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实现方案,除此之外,本发明还可以其它方式实现,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下任何显而易见的替换均在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种成膜性良好的高导热聚酰亚胺薄膜,其特征在于,所述导热填料为氧化铝、氧化镁、氧化锌、氮化铝、氮化硼、碳纳米管、石墨烯中的任一种或任几种。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种成膜性良好的高导热聚酰亚胺薄膜,其特征在于,所述导热填料呈不规则形状。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种成膜性良好的高导热聚酰亚胺薄膜,其特征在于,所述芳香族二酐为苯四甲酸二酐、二苯酮四酸二酐、4,4'-氧双邻苯二甲酸酐、3,3',4,4'-联苯四甲酸二酐、双酚A二酐中的任一种或任几种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种成膜性良好的高导热聚酰亚胺薄膜,其特征在于,所述芳香族二胺为二氨基二苯醚、对苯二胺、TAB中的任一种或多种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种成膜性良好的高导热聚酰亚胺薄膜,其特征在于,所述极性溶剂为N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中的任一种或任多种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种成膜性良好的高导热聚酰亚胺薄膜,其特征在于,所述成膜辅料为含氟乙烯树脂。
8.一种制备权利要求1-7任一项所述的一种成膜性良好的高导热聚酰亚胺薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:将芳香族二胺单体和芳香族二酐单体与导热填料在极性溶剂中反应,得到的混合液通过流涎模头流涎到移动的环形的钢带上,经过加热固化和加热亚胺化,得到聚酰亚胺薄膜。
9.根据权利要求8所述的一种成膜性良好的高导热聚酰亚胺薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、备料,将导热填料、成膜辅料混合分散在极性溶剂中,进行超声处理,再加入芳香族二胺单体,搅拌至芳香族二胺单体全部溶解,得到混合液A;
S2、将芳香族二酐单体加入到步骤S1中混合液A,搅拌,过滤,静置,消泡,得到混合液B;
S3、将混合液B加入进料斗中,通过流涎挤出模头通道挤出后,用刮刀控制薄膜的厚度,使混合液B在钢带上流涎成膜状,100-105℃加热脱除薄膜中部分溶剂,得到具有一定自撑性的聚酰胺酸凝胶膜,再进行加热亚胺化,即按80℃/10min+180℃/60min+230℃/30min+390℃/60min的梯度进行升温,亚胺化完成后自然冷却,得到高导热聚酰亚胺薄膜。
10.根据权利要求9所述的一种成膜性良好的高导热聚酰亚胺薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S2中过滤的滤网目数为500-600。
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