CN114479006A - 适用于冷库滑雪场建筑内保温的结构性阻燃聚氨酯泡沫材料 - Google Patents
适用于冷库滑雪场建筑内保温的结构性阻燃聚氨酯泡沫材料 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种适用于冷库滑雪场建筑内保温的结构型阻燃聚氨酯泡沫材料,属于聚氨酯材料技术领域。本发明使用组合聚醚多元醇和3官能度改性异氰酸酯按照100:(100-150)的重量比例生产聚氨酯保温泡沫材料。使用高压无机喷涂设备喷出后密度约40kg/m3,抗压强度≥300kPa,气味等级(80℃)≤3.5,雾气测试≤5mg(没有物理添加型阻燃剂向环境扩散现象)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种适用于冷库滑雪场建筑内保温的结构性阻燃聚氨酯泡沫材料,属于聚氨酯材料技术领域。
背景技术
阻燃方面,空间大、墙面高、安全出口少是冷库的建筑特点,大空间导致发生火灾后火势烟毒气体迅速蔓延,对于处在浓烟之中的工人逃生是十分不利的。同时冷库结构空间的大跨度性决定了一旦发生火灾可能造成建筑物的坍塌,大跨度的结构需要相应的建筑构件支撑,所以选用钢结构和预应力混凝土板或者轻体构件就成为首选对象。而钢结构的耐火坍塌极限仅有8分钟,易造成建筑物的整体坍塌。
聚氨酯泡沫是异氰酸酯和多元醇组份反应生成的,如果不添加阻燃剂本身是易燃的。GB50016-2014《建筑设计防火规范》规定建筑的内、外保温系统不宜采用B2级保温材料,严禁采用B3级保温材料。这就需要在泡沫中添加大量的阻燃剂(增塑效应使泡沫强度降低),使用阻燃的聚酯或者聚醚多元醇(强度较常规多元醇下降),这就导致高阻燃聚氨酯硬质泡沫强度比不阻燃泡沫差很多,比如说普通双组分原料1:1配比泡沫,组合聚醚多元醇中添加30%阻燃剂会使泡沫密度被动增加约15%。
聚氨酯泡沫达到≥300KPa一般密度要达到50kg/m3以上,高阻燃泡沫由于需要添加大量的物理阻燃剂,比如常见得到TCPP、TCEP等,达到同样强度更加困难,密度一般还要增加20%或以上也就是要60kg/m3或以上,这就大大增加了冷库的成本。
阻燃剂加的越多,泡沫材料味道、TVOC、雾气等环保性能就越差。因为物理添加的阻燃剂是对阻燃泡沫环保贡献最大的因素之一。而冷库、滑雪场以及住宅和公共建筑建筑的内墙内保温由于面向室内,对环保要求比室外环境要更高。
因此现阶段,冷库、滑雪场以及住宅和公共建筑建筑的内墙内保温亟需一种密度泡沫低出方率高、可以达到高阻燃同时抗压强度高,且环保性能优异的聚氨酯保温地坪泡沫材料。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于解决上述现有技术存在的不足之处,使用组合聚醚多元醇和3官能度改性异氰酸酯生产聚氨酯保温泡沫材料,使用高压无机喷涂设备喷出后密度约40kg/m3,抗压强度≥300kPa,气味等级(80℃)≤3.5,雾气测试≤5mg(没有物理添加型阻燃剂向环境扩散现象)。
本发明的目的之一是提供一种适用于冷库滑雪场建筑内保温的结构性阻燃聚氨酯泡沫材料,由异氰酸酯与多元醇聚合而成,其特殊之处在于:
所述异氰酸酯为3官能度改性异氰酸酯,其化学结构式如下:
所述3官能度改性异氰酸酯的P含量为3.3%,N含量8.8%,NCO%含量为13.2%;
所述异氰酸酯与多元醇质量比为(100-150):100;
所述多元醇包括:官能度为6的山梨醇为起始剂的聚醚多元醇、芳香胺聚醚多元醇或者mannich多元醇中的至少一种、化学发泡剂、反应型助剂、物理发泡剂;所述聚醚多元醇占多元醇总重量的55-75%;所述芳香胺聚醚多元醇或者mannich多元醇占多元醇总重量的5-25%;所述化学发泡剂占多元醇总重量的0.2-1%;所述反应型助剂占多元醇总重量的4.5-6.5%,所述物理发泡剂占多元醇总重量的10-20%。
所述官能度为6的山梨醇为起始剂的聚醚多元醇采用河北亚东化工集团有限公司的YD6482或者句容宁武新材料发展有限公司的NJ-6207;
所述芳胺型聚醚多元醇或者mannich多元醇采用万华容威聚氨酯有限公司的R2438A的芳胺型聚醚多元醇或R2470M的聚醚多元醇;
所述化学发泡剂主要为水,可以有效参与异氰酸酯的反应,提高泡沫中的硬链组分;
所述助剂包括泡沫表面活性剂、反应型催化剂,表面活性剂占多元醇总重量的1-3%,反应型催化剂占多元醇总重量的3-5%;
所述泡沫表面活性剂为硅油,硅油为聚二甲基硅氧烷,硅油采用迈图高新材料集团的L6950;
所述催化剂为无散发胺类催化剂和钾类金属催化剂;所述无散发胺类催化剂采用赢创特种化学(上海)有限公司的Dabco T,所述的钾类金属催化剂主要为醋酸钾溶液。
所述物理发泡剂为一氟二氯乙烷。
本发明的目的之二是提供一种适用于冷库滑雪场建筑内保温的结构性阻燃聚氨酯泡沫材料的合成方法,该合成方法是将3官能度改性异氰酸酯与多元醇聚合,其特殊之处在于:3官能度改性异氰酸酯是使用三(一缩二-1,2-丙二醇)亚磷酸酯和TDI聚合得到的,反应方程式如下:
所述3官能度改性异氰酸酯的合成工艺为:
1)将反应釜加热至48℃-52℃;
2)按照摩尔比三(一缩二-1,2-丙二醇)亚磷酸酯:TDI=1:(4-8)的比例先加入全部的TDI,然后匀速加入全部的三(一缩二-1,2-丙二醇)亚磷酸酯;
(3)将反应釜加热升温至78℃-82℃,然后反应1.9h-2.2h;
(4)采用薄膜蒸发器去除没有反应的过量的TDI;
(5)然后将反应釜降温至48℃-52℃,出釜包装即得P含量为3.3%,N含量8.8%,NCO%含量为13.2%的产物。
本发明为了使冷库滑雪场聚氨酯保温泡沫材料使用高压无机喷涂设备喷出后,同时满足:密度约40kg/m3,抗压强度≥300kPa,气味等级(80℃)≤3.5,雾气测试≤5mg(没有物理添加型阻燃剂向环境扩散现象)的要求,同时采用了以下技术方案,这些技术方案同时使用,达到了本发明的目的:
1、本发明通过官能度6左右的山梨醇聚醚多元醇与芳香胺聚醚多元醇或者mannich多元醇的有效搭配,与3官能度改性异氰酸酯反应,使得泡沫在低密度下具有较高的抗压强度。其主要原因有以下几点:
本发明采用了山梨醇为起始剂的官能度6左右的山梨醇为起始剂的聚醚多元醇,在与异氰酸酯反应的时候会产生足够的交联度和刚性,使得聚氨酯泡沫具有较高的抗压强度和尺寸稳定性和常规蔗糖作为起始剂的同样满足6官能度的高官能度聚醚相比,其还具有以下2个明显优点:1)、山梨醇自身官能度为6,官能度6左右的山梨醇聚醚官能度均匀,泡沫交联密度大;而6官能度的蔗糖聚醚官能度是67%的8官能度蔗糖和33%的2官能度水和乙二醇、二甘醇复配起始剂,33%的2官能度只能起到扩链作用,起不到交联作用,泡沫交联密度小;2)、官能度6左右的山梨醇聚醚多元醇是,和常规蔗糖作为起始剂的6官能度的高官能度聚醚相比,粘度较低,平均要低30%以上,较低的粘度有利于原料混合输送,特别是可以不加少加增塑剂和阻燃剂降粘度;
本发明中采用芳香胺聚醚多元醇或者mannich多元醇有益效果:和常用的交联剂乙二胺聚醚403相比,在活性相当,官能度均为4相当的情况下可以起到同样的交联作用,关键优点是阻燃性能优异,烟密度低很多。芳胺型聚醚多元醇可以采用万华容威聚氨酯有限公司生产的牌号为R2438A的芳胺型聚醚多元醇、mannich多元醇可以采用万华容威聚氨酯有限公司生产的牌号为R2470M的聚醚多元醇;
本发明在组合聚醚多元醇组分中没有添加任何的物理阻燃剂,可以避免其带来的增塑作用,从而提高聚氨酯泡沫的抗压强度。
2、使用3官能度改性异氰酸酯代替了常规聚合MDI,所述3官能度改性异氰酸酯P含量3.3%,和组合聚醚多元醇以(100-150):100的比例得到的泡沫其磷含量为1.65-1.98%,相当于往其体系中添加了17.7-21%的TCPP得到的磷含量,从而在得到很好的阻燃效果的同时避免了在体系中添加物理卤素磷酸酯阻燃剂带来的气味变大的问题;体系中没有添加型物理阻燃剂和其他增塑剂,从而得到了很低的雾气测试值。雾气测试结果越低,代表保温泡沫中没有物理添加型阻燃剂向环境扩散现象,以后保温材料阻燃随着时间变化不会发生降低现象;
不添加物理阻燃剂更重要的是提高了保温材料的抗压强度,一方面原因是避免了添加型物理阻燃剂带来的增塑作用;第二个原因是同时避免了添加型物理阻燃剂本身带来的泡沫密度的上升(普通双组分原料1:1配比B1级泡沫,组合聚醚多元醇中添加30%阻燃剂使泡沫密度被动增加约15%);
而且3官能度改性异氰酸酯相比普通聚合MDI比如万华化学PM200,HUNTSMAN5005的平均2.6的官能度,官能度提高15.4%,也就是说即使不考虑物理添加组燃剂的分量,泡沫中交联密度也增加了15.4%,可以有效的提高泡沫的抗压强度。
3、本发明的一种适用于冷库滑雪场建筑内保温的结构型阻燃聚氨酯泡沫材料具有较低的气味和雾气值。其主要原因有:
本发明的冷库地坪聚氨酯保温泡沫材料中没有添加任何的物理阻燃剂,避免了在体系中卤素磷酸酯类阻燃剂带来的气味变大的问题,保温泡沫中没有阻燃剂向环境扩散现象,以后保温材料阻燃性能随着时间变化不会发生降低现象。本发明所使用的催化剂均为无散发催化剂,大大降低了泡沫中的气味值。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
本实施例的适用于冷库滑雪场建筑内保温的结构性阻燃聚氨酯泡沫材料,由异氰酸酯与多元醇聚合而成,异氰酸酯与多元醇质量比为(100-150):100,异氰酸酯为3官能度改性异氰酸酯,其化学结构式如下:
其中,3官能度改性异氰酸酯的P含量为3.3%,N含量8.8%,NCO%含量为13.2%;
本实施例的适用于冷库滑雪场建筑内保温的结构性阻燃聚氨酯泡沫材料的合成方法,该合成方法是将3官能度改性异氰酸酯与多元醇聚合,其特殊之处在于:3官能度改性异氰酸酯是使用三(一缩二-1,2-丙二醇)亚磷酸酯和TDI聚合得到的,反应方程式如下:
所述3官能度改性异氰酸酯的合成工艺为:
1)将反应釜加热至48℃-52℃;
2)按照摩尔比三(一缩二-1,2-丙二醇)亚磷酸酯:TDI=1:(4-8)的比例先加入全部的TDI,然后匀速加入全部的三(一缩二-1,2-丙二醇)亚磷酸酯;
(3)将反应釜加热升温至78℃-82℃,然后反应1.9h-2.2h;
(4)采用薄膜蒸发器去除没有反应的过量的TDI;
(5)然后将反应釜降温至48℃-52℃,出釜包装即得P含量为3.3%,N含量8.8%,NCO%含量为13.2%的产物。
所述多元醇包括:官能度为6的山梨醇为起始剂的聚醚多元醇、芳香胺聚醚多元醇或者mannich多元醇中的至少一种、化学发泡剂、反应型助剂、物理发泡剂;聚醚多元醇占多元醇总重量的55-75%;所述芳香胺聚醚多元醇或者mannich多元醇占多元醇总重量的5-25%;所述化学发泡剂占多元醇总重量的0.2-1%;所述反应型助剂占多元醇总重量的4.5-6.5%,所述物理发泡剂占多元醇总重量的10-20%;官能度为6的山梨醇为起始剂的聚醚多元醇采用河北亚东化工集团有限公司的YD6482或者句容宁武新材料发展有限公司的NJ-6207;芳胺型聚醚多元醇或者mannich多元醇采用万华容威聚氨酯有限公司的R2438A的芳胺型聚醚多元醇或R2470M的mannich多元醇;
化学发泡剂主要为水,可以有效参与异氰酸酯的反应,提高泡沫中的硬链组分;助剂包括泡沫表面活性剂、反应型催化剂,表面活性剂占多元醇总重量的1-3%,反应型催化剂占多元醇总重量的3-5%,泡沫表面活性剂为硅油,硅油为聚二甲基硅氧烷,硅油采用迈图高新材料集团的L6950;催化剂为无散发胺类催化剂和钾类金属催化剂;所述无散发胺类催化剂采用赢创特种化学(上海)有限公司的Dabco T,所述的钾类金属催化剂主要为醋酸钾溶液,物理发泡剂为一氟二氯乙烷。
试验例1-5
试验例1-5的组合聚醚多元醇配方如下:
使用上述组合聚醚多元醇100份,和下述表格各试验例异氰酸酯组分和物理阻燃剂组分的总份数混合搅拌,制作泡沫制品。
各试验异氰酸酯组分和添加型阻燃剂组分为:
测试各试验例阻燃与环保性能如下:
气味等级测试标准:VDA270:1992,
雾气测试:Q/ZK JS 364-201903。
试验例1和试验例3在不添加物理阻燃剂的情况下,氧指数从不阻燃的19.5%增高到了阻燃的26.1%,同时气味等级(80℃)分别是3.5、3.5变化不大,抗压强度分别是317kPa、324kPa变化不大,说明3官能度改性异氰酸酯可以实现同时提高聚氨酯泡沫阻燃的同时避免阻燃剂降低环保指标和增塑性的目的,解决了高阻燃和低气味等环保指标相互对立的难题。
试验例1和试验例4在保持泡沫中P含量不变的情况下,氧指数的变化不大,但是同时气味等级(80℃)从3.5增加到了4.5,雾气测试从4.73mg增加到了39.76mg,并且抗压强度从324kPa降低到了275kPa,说明使用3官能度改性异氰酸酯增加阻燃在环保方面和抗压强度方面比使用物理阻燃剂组分TCPP具有明显的优势。解决了高阻燃和低气味等环保指标相互对立的难题。
试验例2和试验例4在物料组分重量不变的情况下,氧指数从27.2%降低到了26.2%,气味等级(80℃)从3.5增加到了4.5,雾气测试从4.11mg增加到了39.76mg,抗压强度从338kPa降低到了275kPa,进一步说明了使用3官能度改性异氰酸酯增加阻燃在环保方面和没有增塑性方面比使用物理阻燃剂组分TCPP具有明显的优势。
试验例4在试验例3异氰酸酯不变的的基础上增加了物理阻燃剂组分TCPP,其他一切不变,氧指数从不阻燃的19.5%增高到了阻燃的26.2%,但是同时气味等级(80℃)从3.5增加到了4.5,雾气测试从4.86mg增加到了39.76mg,并且抗压强度从317kPa降低到了275kPa,可见物理阻燃剂组分TCPP在增加泡沫阻燃性的同时,严重降低了材料的环保性能,同时对材料具有增塑作用。
试验例5
本试验例的组合聚醚多元醇配方如下:
使用上述组合聚醚多元醇100份,与100份3官能度改性异氰酸酯组分混合搅拌,制作泡沫制品。
测试试验例5阻燃与环保性能与试验例1对比如下:
试验例1、5在异氰酸酯组分不变的情况下改变白料配方,其抗压强度变化不大,说明芳香胺聚醚多元醇和常用的交联剂乙二胺聚醚403相比,不仅活性相当,官能度相当,可以起到同样的交联作用,氧指数从26.1%降低到了25.3%,烟密度等级从41升高到了77,说明芳香胺聚醚多元醇和常用的交联剂乙二胺聚醚403相比具有优异的阻燃性能和较低的烟密度。
最后应该说明的是,以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分进行等同替换。上述虽然对本发明的具体实施方式进行了描述,但并非对本发明保护范围的限制,所属领域技术人员应该明白,在本发明的技术方案的基础上,本领域技术人员不需要付出创造性劳动即可做出的各种修改或变形仍在本发明的保护范围以内。
Claims (8)
1.适用于冷库滑雪场建筑内保温的结构性阻燃聚氨酯泡沫材料,由异氰酸酯与多元醇聚合而成,其特征在于:异氰酸酯与多元醇质量比为(100-150):100,异氰酸酯为3官能度改性异氰酸酯,其化学结构式如下:
所述多元醇包括:官能度为6的山梨醇为起始剂的聚醚多元醇、芳香胺聚醚多元醇或者mannich多元醇中的至少一种、化学发泡剂、反应型助剂、物理发泡剂;所述聚醚多元醇占多元醇总重量的55-75%;所述芳香胺聚醚多元醇或者mannich多元醇占多元醇总重量的5-25%;所述化学发泡剂占多元醇总重量的0.2-1%;所述反应型助剂占多元醇总重量的4.5-6.5%,所述物理发泡剂占多元醇总重量的10-20%。
2.按照权利要求1所述的适用于冷库滑雪场建筑内保温的结构性阻燃聚氨酯泡沫材料,其特征在于所述3官能度改性异氰酸酯的P含量为3.3%,N含量8.8%,NCO%含量为13.2%。
3.按照权利要求3所述的适用于冷库滑雪场建筑内保温的结构性阻燃聚氨酯泡沫材料,其特征在于所述官能度为6的山梨醇为起始剂的聚醚多元醇采用河北亚东化工集团有限公司的YD6482或者句容宁武新材料发展有限公司的NJ-6207。
4.按照权利要求3所述的适用于冷库滑雪场建筑内保温的结构性阻燃聚氨酯泡沫材料,其特征在于所述芳胺型聚醚多元醇或者mannich多元醇采用万华容威聚氨酯有限公司的R2438A的芳胺型聚醚多元醇或R2470M的mannich多元醇。
5.按照权利要求3所述的适用于冷库滑雪场建筑内保温的结构性阻燃聚氨酯泡沫材料,其特征在于所述化学发泡剂为水,所述物理发泡剂为一氟二氯乙烷。
6.按照权利要求3所述的适用于冷库滑雪场建筑内保温的结构性阻燃聚氨酯泡沫材料,其特征在于所述助剂包括泡沫表面活性剂、反应型催化剂,表面活性剂占多元醇总重量的1-3%,反应型催化剂占多元醇总重量的3-5%;所述泡沫表面活性剂为硅油,硅油为聚二甲基硅氧烷,硅油采用迈图高新材料集团的L6950;所述催化剂为无散发胺类催化剂和钾类金属催化剂;所述无散发胺类催化剂采用赢创特种化学(上海)有限公司的Dabco T,所述的钾类金属催化剂主要为醋酸钾溶液。
8.按照权利要求8所述的适用于冷库滑雪场建筑内保温的结构性阻燃聚氨酯泡沫材料的合成方法,其特征在于所述3官能度改性异氰酸酯的合成工艺为:
1)将反应釜加热至48℃-52℃;
2)按照摩尔比三(一缩二-1,2-丙二醇)亚磷酸酯:TDI=1:(4-8)的比例先加入全部的TDI,然后匀速加入全部的三(一缩二-1,2-丙二醇)亚磷酸酯;
3)将反应釜加热升温至78℃-82℃,然后反应1.9h-2.2h;
4)采用薄膜蒸发器去除没有反应的过量的TDI;
5)然后将反应釜降温至48℃-52℃,出釜包装即得P含量为3.3%,N含量8.8%,NCO%含量为13.2%的产物。
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