CN114477982A - 一种陶瓷砖背纹的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种陶瓷砖背纹的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于建筑陶瓷技术领域,具体公开了一种陶瓷砖背纹的制备方法。通过先后布设面料层、背纹层和底料层,经压制成型、干燥、烧成后制得;背纹层中含有致孔剂,背纹层和底料层无缝拼接且处于同一水平面高度。采用布料与成孔相结合的加工方式,以添加致孔剂的粉料直接布设背纹层,利用致孔剂经高温烧成后形成不规则的孤立孔、连通孔或沟槽结构,作为陶瓷砖的背纹,可替代传统的模压背纹工艺。借助数码布料实现灵活多样的背纹层,摆脱了传统模压对于背纹图案的局限,且由致孔剂形成的孔结构断面具有不规则性,相对于模具成型的平整面,在铺贴粘结时可增大粘结剂的接触面积,从而提高陶瓷砖的粘结强度,实现陶瓷墙地砖铺贴时的拉拨强度可达0.3MPa以上。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于建筑陶瓷技术领域,具体涉及一种陶瓷砖背纹的制备方法。
背景技术
近年来,随着居民生活水平的不断提高,普通家庭、办公场所、市政工程等也越来越多的采用陶瓷砖进行装饰。目前,随着压机吨位的不断提高,喷墨打印技术的不断完善,陶瓷砖逐步趋向于更大、更薄的陶瓷岩板,这也给铺贴带来了一定的困难。一般的瓷质砖的吸水率在0.5wt%以下,有些产品的吸水率甚至低于0.01wt%,如此致密的瓷质砖基底与水泥、瓷砖胶等粘结材料的膨胀系数存在差异,导致难以形成牢固的粘贴效果,容易在局部出现空鼓,导致瓷砖出现变形甚至脱落。
在陶瓷砖底部设置具有一定沟槽的凹凸背纹,对于提高铺贴的粘结强度具有一定的帮助。目前,陶瓷砖的背纹主要依靠模具压制而成,但由于模具压制时只能在垂直方向进行,背纹的纹路受压制工艺的局限无法任意设置,因此很难通过改变背纹的形状以增加铺贴的粘结强度。同时,采用模具压制时,背纹的沟槽深度也不宜太大,否则易使陶瓷砖在凹凸部位形成密度差而降低砖体的抗折强度。此外,模具的开模成本较高,为适应不同规格及型号产品的铺贴粘结要求,需频繁更换压机的模具,从而增加了企业的生产成本。
因此,亟需开发一种在不降低陶瓷砖铺贴的粘结强度的前提下,可替代模具加工陶瓷砖背纹的方法。
发明内容
本发明提出一种陶瓷砖背纹的制备方法,以解决现有技术中存在的一个或多个技术问题,至少提供一种有益的选择或创造条件。
为克服上述技术问题,本发明的技术方案是提供了一种陶瓷砖背纹的制备方法。
具体地,一种陶瓷砖背纹的制备方法,通过先后布设面料层、背纹层和底料层,经压制成型、干燥、烧成后制得;所述背纹层中含有致孔剂,所述背纹层和底料层无缝拼接且处于同一水平面高度。
由于陶瓷砖在压制成型时采用反打的方式,因此在进行布料时,本发明先布设面料层,然后布设背纹层和底料层,再经压制成型、干燥、高温烧成后制得陶瓷砖。本发明的陶瓷砖以数码布料的方式,按预设的纹理布设背纹层的图案结构,由于背纹层中添加有致孔剂,致孔剂经高温烧成后形成不规则的孤立孔、贯通孔或沟槽结构,可作为陶瓷砖的背纹,相对于模具成型的背纹结构,本发明通过布料与成孔相结合的加工方式,使背纹的图案更灵活多样,且由致孔剂形成的孔结构断面具有不规则性,相对于模具成型的平整面,在铺贴粘结时可增大粘结剂的接触面积,从而提高陶瓷砖的粘结强度。同时,背纹层和底料层在布料时形成无缝拼接结构,并处于同一水平面高度,在成型时可采用平整的母模进行压制,无需增设背纹的模具,适用性更强并可节约生产成本。
作为上述方案的进一步改进,所述背纹层中还含有粘结剂,所述粘结剂主要用于粘结致孔剂,以利于成型。
作为上述方案的进一步改进,所述粘结剂与所述致孔剂的质量比为(97-99.9):(0.1-3)。
具体地,不同添加量的致孔剂可形成具有不同孔结构的背纹结构,随着致孔剂用量的不断增加,所形成的孔结构由孤立孔、连通孔向沟槽结构转变,致孔剂的添加量,可据不同陶瓷砖的铺贴粘结要求进行调控。
作为上述方案的进一步改进,所述粘结剂的原料组成,按重量份计包括:砂石55-65份、粘土23-35份、铝矾土5-10份、滑石5-8份、三聚磷酸钠0.1-0.4份、羧甲基纤维素钠0.3-0.5份。
优选的,所述砂石选自钾长石、钠长石和石英砂中的至少一种。
优选的,所述致孔剂选自聚苯乙烯、改性淀粉、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚乙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚丁烯、聚异戊二烯中的至少一种;这些致孔剂均为有机成孔剂,在陶瓷砖的烧成过程中将生成气体并留下孔隙。
优选的,所述致孔剂的粒径为30-50目。
作为上述方案的进一步改进,所述面料层和所述底料层的原料组成相同,以消除不同原料组成带来的材料性能差异,防止砖体的分层与变形。
优选的,所述面料层和所述底料层的原料组成,按重量份计包括:钾长石20-40份、钠长石15-25份、石英砂10-20份、高岭土15-25份、球土3-8份、滑石4-10份、膨润土4-10份。
作为上述方案的进一步改进,所述面料层与所述底料层的高度比为(8-9):(1-2),相对于陶瓷砖背纹的凹凸模具成型,本发明由于压制时为平整面,对于面料层与底料层的高度比要求更低,不会因凹凸部位的密度差而降低砖体的抗折强度。
作为上述方案的进一步改进,所述背纹层的粉料加工艺为:
(1)将所述粘结剂进行湿磨后,进行喷雾造粒,得粘结剂粉料;
(2)将所述粘结剂粉料与所述致孔剂混合,得所述背纹层的粉料。
优选的,步骤(1)中,所述湿磨的含水率为60-65%。
优选的,步骤(1)中,所述湿磨的时间为8-10小时。
优选的,步骤(1)中,所述湿磨后的浆料过250目筛余为0.6-0.8%。
优选的,所述粘结剂粉料的粒径过30-60目筛。
优选的,所述粘结剂粉料的含水率为5-9%。
作为上述方案的进一步改进,所述干燥采用微波干燥。
作为上述方案的进一步改进,所述烧成温度为1170-1200℃,烧成时间为45-60分钟。
本发明提供的技术方案相对于现有技术,至少具有如下技术效果或优点:
本发明采用布料与成孔相结合的加工方式,以添加致孔剂的粉料直接布设背纹层,利用致孔剂经高温烧成后形成不规则的孤立孔、贯通孔或沟槽结构,作为陶瓷砖的背纹,可替代传统的模压背纹工艺。
本发明的陶瓷砖背纹制备方法,可借助数码布料实现灵活多样的背纹层,摆脱了传统模压对于背纹图案的局限,且由致孔剂形成的孔结构断面具有不规则性,相对于模具成型的平整面,在铺贴粘结时可增大粘结剂的接触面积,从而提高陶瓷砖的粘结强度,实现陶瓷墙地砖铺贴时的拉拨强度可达0.3MPa以上。同时,本发明的背纹层和底料层无缝拼接且处于同一水平面高度,可采用平整的母模进行压制,无需增设背纹的模具,适用性更强并可节约生产成本,不会降低陶瓷砖的抗折强度。
附图说明
图1为实施例1的陶瓷砖背纹在烧成前的结构示意图;
图2为图1的A-A截面示意图;
图3为实施例2的陶瓷砖背纹在烧成前的结构示意图;
图4为图3的B-B截面示意图;
图5为实施例2的陶瓷砖背纹在烧成后的背纹图;
图6为对比例1的陶瓷砖背纹在烧成前的截面结构示意图。
具体实施方式
以下通过实施例对本发明进行具体描述,以便于所属技术领域的人员对本发明的理解,有必要在此特别指出的是,实施例只是用于对本发明做进一步说明,不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制,所属领域技术人员,根据上述发明内容对本发明作出的非本质性的改进和调整,应仍属于本发明的保护范围,同时,下述所提及的原料未详细说明的,均为市售产品,未详细提及的工艺步骤或制备方法均为本领域技术人员所知晓的工艺步骤或制备方法。
实施例1
一种陶瓷砖背纹的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
称取面料层的各原料进行湿磨后,进行喷雾造粒,陈腐均化,得面料层的粉料,备用;其中:面料层的原料组成,按重量份计为,钾长石30份,钠长石20份,石英砂15份,高岭土20份,球土5份,滑石5份,膨润土5份;
称取粘结剂的各原料,控制含水率为60%,进行球磨8小时,得浆料过250目筛余0.6%;然后进行喷雾造粒,陈腐均化,得粘结剂的粉料,该粉料的粒径为30目筛,且粉料的含水率为7%;再将制得的粘结剂的粉料与粒径为过50目筛的聚异戊二烯以99:1的质量比进行混合,得背纹层的粉料,备用;其中:粘结剂的原料组成,按重量份计为,钾长石5份,钠长石10份,石英40份,粘土30份,铝矾土8.5份,滑石5.8份,三聚磷酸钠0.4份;羧甲基纤维素钠0.3份;
如图2所示,采用数码布料机,先以面料层的粉料布设面料层一101;然后以背纹层的粉料按预设的图案(如图1所示)布设背纹层一201;再以面料层的粉料布设底料层一301;经压制成型、微波干燥、1170℃烧成45分钟后制得本实施例的陶瓷砖背纹;其中:面料层的厚度为8mm,底料层和背纹层的厚度为1mm。
由图1和图2所示,背纹层一201和底料层一301设于面料层一101的上表面,背纹层一201和底料层一301无缝拼接且处于同一水平面高度。
实施例2
一种陶瓷砖背纹的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
称取面料层的各原料进行湿磨后,进行喷雾造粒,陈腐均化,得面料层的粉料,备用;其中:面料层的原料组成,按重量份计为,钾长石25份,钠长石25份,石英砂10份,高岭土25份,球土5份,滑石5份,膨润土5份;
称取粘结剂的各原料,控制含水率为65%,进行球磨10小时,得浆料过250目筛余0.8%;然后进行喷雾造粒,陈腐均化,得粘结剂的粉料,该粉料的粒径为30目筛,且粉料的含水率为8%;再将制得的粘结剂的粉料与粒径为过50目筛的聚苯乙烯以95.5:0.5的质量比进行混合,得背纹层的粉料,备用;其中:粘结剂的原料组成,按重量份计为,钾长石10份,钠长石15份,石英40份,粘土23份,铝矾土6.4份,滑石5份,三聚磷酸钠0.1份;羧甲基纤维素钠0.5份;
如图4所示,采用数码布料机,先以面料层的粉料布设面料层二102;然后以背纹层的粉料按预设的图案(如图3所示)布设背纹层二202;再以面料层的粉料布设底料层二302;经压制成型、微波干燥、1180℃烧成50分钟后制得本实施例的陶瓷砖背纹;其中:面料层的厚度为9mm,底料层和背纹层的厚度为1mm。
由图3和图4所示,背纹层二202和底料层二302设于面料层二102的上表面,背纹层二202和底料层二302无缝拼接且处于同一水平面高度;烧成后的背纹结构如图5所示,由图5可知,背纹层二202经高温烧成后,形成了大量的孤立孔、由孤立孔连接而成的贯通孔及沟槽。
实施例3
一种陶瓷砖背纹的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
称取面料层的各原料进行湿磨后,进行喷雾造粒,陈腐均化,得面料层的粉料,备用;其中:面料层的原料组成,按重量份计为,钾长石35份,钠长石15份,石英砂15份,高岭土20份,球土7份,滑石4份,膨润土4份;
称取粘结剂的各原料,控制含水率为60%,进行球磨9小时,得浆料过250目筛余0.7%;然后进行喷雾造粒,陈腐均化,得粘结剂的粉料,该粉料的粒径为30目筛,且粉料的含水率为8%;再将制得的粘结剂的粉料与粒径为过50目筛的聚苯乙烯以97:3的质量比进行混合,得背纹层的粉料,备用;其中:粘结剂的原料组成,按重量份计为,钾长石10份,钠长石10份,石英35份,粘土26.6份,铝矾土10份,滑石8份,三聚磷酸钠0.1份;羧甲基纤维素钠0.3份;
采用数码布料机,先以面料层的粉料布设面料层;然后以背纹层的粉料按预设的图案布设背纹层(本实施例的陶瓷砖背纹的图案与实施例1相同);再以面料层的粉料布设底料层;经压制成型、微波干燥、1200℃烧成45分钟后制得本实施例的陶瓷砖背纹;其中:面料层的厚度为9mm,底料层和背纹层的厚度为1mm。
实施例4
实施例4与实施例1相比,其区别仅在于,面料层的厚度为7mm,底料层和背纹层的厚度为2mm。
对比例1
对比例1与实施例1相比,对比例1的陶瓷砖背纹形状与实施例1相同,不同之处在于,采用模压形成背纹,其截面结构示意图如图6所示,包括面料层三103和背纹层三203,对比例1的陶瓷砖背纹形状在烧成后保持不变。
对比例2
对比例2与实施例4相比,对比例2的陶瓷砖背纹形状与实施例4相同,不同之处在于,采用模压形成背纹。
性能测试:
1.拉拨强度
按照JC/T 547-2017陶瓷墙地砖胶粘剂标准测试各实施例和对比例的陶瓷砖背纹样品的拉拨强度,测试结果如表1所示。
表1:各实施例和对比例的拉拨强度对比表
由表1可知:采用本发明陶瓷砖背纹制备方法制得的实施例1-4,其拉拨强度均大于采用模压形成的背纹对比例1-2,且各实施例间,由于背纹图案、致孔剂的加入量或背纹层厚度的不同,其拉拨强度均有所不同,即可据实际铺贴的需要进行灵活调整。
2.陶瓷砖强度
按照GB/T 3810-2016《陶瓷砖试验方法》,分别对实施例1、4和对比例1-2的陶瓷砖样品进行抗折强度的性能测试,其测试结果如表2所示。
表2:实施例1、4和对比例1-2的抗折强度对比表
样品 | 实施例1 | 实施例4 | 对比例1 | 对比例2 |
抗折强度(MPa) | 48 | 52 | 39 | 37 |
由表2可知:实施例1和对比例1具有相同的背纹图案,但采用本发明陶瓷砖背纹制备方法的实施例1,其抗折强度远远大于采用模压形成背纹的对比例1,其原因在于,采用模压方式制备的陶瓷砖,由于凹凸模具的原因,在压制过程中,陶瓷砖本体的受力并不均匀,生成的陶瓷砖坯体存在密度差异,即有沟槽的地方密度高,没有沟槽的地方密度低,导致陶瓷砖在烧制过程中出现应力无法完全释放,从而降低陶瓷砖的抗折强度,且随着背纹层深度的增加,抗折强度下降更为明显。
显然,上述实施例仅是为清楚地说明所作的举例,而并非对实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说,在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。而由此所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明的保护范围之中。
Claims (10)
1.一种陶瓷砖背纹的制备方法,其特征在于,通过先后布设面料层、背纹层和底料层,经压制成型、干燥、烧成后制得;所述背纹层中含有致孔剂,所述背纹层和底料层无缝拼接且处于同一水平面高度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的陶瓷砖背纹的制备方法,其特征在于,所述背纹层中还含有粘结剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的陶瓷砖背纹的制备方法,其特征在于,所述粘结剂与所述致孔剂的质量比为(97-99.9):(0.1-3)。
4.根据权利要求2所述的陶瓷砖背纹的制备方法,其特征在于,所述粘结剂的原料组成,按重量份计包括:砂石55-65份、粘土23-35份、铝矾土5-10份、滑石5-8份、三聚磷酸钠0.1-0.4份、羧甲基纤维素钠0.3-0.5份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的陶瓷砖背纹的制备方法,其特征在于,所述致孔剂选自聚苯乙烯、改性淀粉、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚乙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚丁烯、聚异戊二烯中的至少一种;所述致孔剂的粒径为30-50目。
6.根据权利要求1所述的陶瓷砖背纹的制备方法,其特征在于,所述面料层和所述底料层的原料组成相同;所述面料层和所述底料层的原料组成,按重量份计包括:钾长石20-40份、钠长石15-25份、石英砂10-20份、高岭土15-25份、球土3-8份、滑石4-10份、膨润土4-10份。
7.根据权利要求1所述的陶瓷砖背纹的制备方法,其特征在于,所述面料层与所述底料层的高度比为(8-9):(1-2)。
8.根据权利要求2所述的陶瓷砖背纹的制备方法,其特征在于,所述背纹层的粉料加工工艺为:
(1)将所述粘结剂进行湿磨后,进行喷雾造粒,得粘结剂粉料;
(2)将所述粘结剂粉料与所述致孔剂混合,得所述背纹层的粉料。
9.根据权利要求8所述的陶瓷砖背纹的制备方法,其特征在于,所述粘结剂粉料的含水率为5-9%。
10.根据权利要求1所述的陶瓷砖背纹的制备方法,其特征在于,所述烧成的温度为1170-1200℃,烧成的时间为45-60分钟。
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