CN114477963A - 一种钢包罐沿砖及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- RQMIWLMVTCKXAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [AlH3].[C] Chemical compound [AlH3].[C] RQMIWLMVTCKXAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- NACUKFIFISCLOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mg].[Cr] Chemical compound [Mg].[Cr] NACUKFIFISCLOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical group [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009847 ladle furnace Methods 0.000 claims 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 20
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- RWDBMHZWXLUGIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Mg] Chemical compound [C].[Mg] RWDBMHZWXLUGIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011895 specific detection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C04B35/03—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on magnesium oxide, calcium oxide or oxide mixtures derived from dolomite
- C04B35/04—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on magnesium oxide, calcium oxide or oxide mixtures derived from dolomite based on magnesium oxide
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Abstract
本发明属于冶金用耐火材料技术领域,具体涉及一种钢包罐沿砖及其制备方法。所述钢包罐沿砖由不同粒径的再生镁铬质料和再生铝碳质料在结合剂的作用混合而成,采用废镁铬砖破碎成的镁铬质料作为主要原料,替代了现有的镁砂和石墨及废镁碳等,大大降低了生产成本;同时减少混料等风险,减少了多种物料的配料,生产效率得到提升;同时将用后的镁铬砖进行再次利用,循环经济,降低了材料消耗。另一方面,采用再生镁铬质料作为主要原料,具有很好的抗渣性,同时采用再生铝碳质料复合,抗氧化性得到提升,提升了罐沿砖的中温和高温使用的强度。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于冶金用耐火材料技术领域,具体涉及一种钢包罐沿砖及其制备方法。
背景技术
钢包作为炼钢中的重要容器,承担着盛装、冶炼钢水的作用,钢包罐沿一般采用钢包罐沿浇注料浇注或钢包罐沿砖与钢包罐沿料复合砌筑两种方式,在钢水冶炼过程中,钢包沿一般不接触钢水及钢渣,在少数情况下,由于装钢量的变化,钢包内的渣液面会上浮至钢包沿部位。
钢包罐沿砖使用温度一般在1300℃至1550℃之间,一般采用镁砂加石墨或者加入一部分的废镁碳砖作为主要原料制成。在渣液面上浮至钢包罐沿部位时具有一定的抗渣作用。采用镁砂加石墨或者是加入一部分废镁碳砖作为主要原料的钢包罐沿砖成本较高,同时容易中温氧化,存在使用寿命低的问题。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术中的相关缺陷,本发明的目的在于提供一种低成本、耐侵蚀性好的钢包罐沿砖及其制备方法。
一种钢包罐沿砖,由再生镁铬质料、再生铝碳质料制成的混合料以及结合剂制备而成,所述混合料的组成如下:
进一步的,所述混合料的组成如下:
进一步的,所述结合剂加入量占混合料质量的3%-5%。
进一步的,所述再生镁铬质料为将回收的废镁铬砖进行人工拣选,清理残留在表面的熔渣及变质层;将拣选后的废镁铬砖经干燥、破碎得到。
进一步的,所述再生铝碳质料为将回收的铝碳砖进行人工拣选,清理残留在表面的熔渣及变质层;将拣选后的废铝碳砖经干燥、破碎得到。
更进一步的,所述废镁铬砖及废铝碳砖分别为RH精炼炉和铁水包工作衬水包使用目标炉役后,对工作衬材料进行拆除后回收到。
优选的,所述再生镁铬质料中MgO含量≥58wt%,Cr2O3≥12wt%。
优选的,所述再再生铝碳质料中Al2O3含量≥60wt%,C含量≥8wt%。
进一步的,所述结合剂为酚醛树脂,所述酚醛树脂中固含量≥68wt%,水份≤3wt%,残炭含量≥39wt%。
本发明还提供了上述钢包罐沿砖的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)将再生镁铬质料颗粒和再生铝碳质料颗粒搅拌均匀得到混合料,然后向其中加入结合剂后搅拌均匀;
(2)在螺旋压力机进行压制成型;
(3)室温养生8小时以上;
(4)进电干燥窑干燥。
进一步的,所述压制成型采用多次压制方式,首先在转速小于等于200转/分钟条件下压制2-3次;然后在转速大于200转/分钟条件下压制5-7次。
进一步的,所述干燥采用阶段干燥方式进行,首先在120℃下干燥12小时,然后在200℃下干燥8小时。
本发明采用的是用后镁铬砖破碎为再生镁铬料,一方面,其成分不含有碳,因此在高温下不会被氧化,能有效的提升使用寿命;另一方面,再生镁铬砖在破碎后的颗粒强度较低,如采用常规的方法直接用来制备钢包罐沿砖,其常温及中高温强度较低,本发明通过对再生镁铬砖进行颗粒的级配优化调整,增加大颗粒的比例,同时采用加入一定比例的再生铝碳质料进行改善物料性能,在高温下还能起到促烧作用,保证常温及中高温强度,保证使用效果。
再生铝碳质料进行改善物料性能的机理如下:
由于铝碳质料的引入,其中的氧化镁和氧化铝发生反应生成尖晶石,碳化硅高温生成SiO2,都会形成一定的液相保护膜,防止氧化的产生;铝碳质料中虽然含有预计5-10%碳,但是其在罐沿砖中的加入量为5-15%,因此在钢包罐沿砖中最多会引入1.5%的碳,即使有部分氧化也不影响使用寿命。
与现有技术相比,本发明制备的钢包罐沿砖具有以下优点:
1、生产成本降低:
本发明采用的用后镁铬砖破碎成的镁铬质料作为主要原料,替代了现有的镁砂和石墨及废镁碳等,大大降低了生产成本。
2、生产效率高,质量稳定,对环境友好:
本发明采用上述技术方案,采用的原料品种较为单一,减少混料等风险,减少了多种物料的配料,生产效率得到提升;同时将用后的镁铬砖进行再次利用,循环经济,降低了材料消耗。
3、抗氧化性、抗渣性得到提升:
本发明采用再生镁铬质料作为主要原料,具有很好的抗渣性,同时采用再生铝碳质料复合,抗氧化性得到提升,提升了中温和高温使用的强度。本发明实施例结果表明:采用再生镁铬质料生产的罐沿砖较传统的罐沿砖抗渣性能够提升10%以上,采用再生铝碳质料复合,因为其具有促烧性能,减少氧化,抗氧化性提升15%以上。
具体实施方式
为了更好地解释本发明,以下结合具体实施例进一步阐述本发明的主要内容,但本发明的内容不仅仅局限于以下实施例。
实施例中的废镁铬砖及废铝碳砖为RH精炼炉和铁水包工作衬水包使用目标炉役后,对工作衬材料进行拆除后回收到的。
以下实施例中的再生镁铬质料是将回收的废镁铬砖进行人工拣选,清理残留在表面的熔渣及变质层后,再经干燥、破碎得到的。
所用再生镁铬质料中MgO含量≥58wt%,Cr2O3≥12wt%,粒度上下限标准为≤10%,储存方法是采用吨袋包装,防潮通风。
再生铝碳质料将是将回收的废铝碳砖进行人工拣选,清理残留在表面的熔渣及变质层后,再经干燥、破碎得到的。
所用再生铝碳质料中Al2O3含量≥60wt%,C含量≥8wt%,粒径为≤0.088mm,粒径上限标准为≤10%,储存方法是采用吨袋包装,防潮通风。
所用酚醛树脂的固含量≥68wt%,水份≤3wt%,残炭含量≥39wt%。
实施例1一种钢包罐沿砖,包括下述重量百分比的原料:
具体制备方法如下:
以上所有原料按重量配比称重后,将再生镁铬质料颗粒和再生铝碳质料颗粒搅拌均匀得到混合料,然后向其中加入混合量质量3.8%的结合剂酚醛树脂,继续搅拌均匀制成混合物;在螺旋压力机进行压制成型,压制时,先以转速170转/分钟压制2次;接着将转速调至220转/分钟压制7次;压制完后在室温下放置养生8小时以上;然后在电干燥窑中干燥,先在120℃下干燥12小时,然后在200℃下干燥8小时;干燥后得到钢包罐沿,成品包装。
实施例2一种钢包罐沿砖,由下述重量百分比的原料制备而成:
具体制备方法如下:
以上所有原料按重量配比称重后,将再生镁铬质料颗粒和再生铝碳质料颗粒搅拌均匀得到混合料,然后向其中加入占混合料加入量3.2%的结合剂酚醛树脂,继续搅拌均匀制成混合物;在螺旋压力机进行压制成型,压制时,先以转速160转/分钟压制3次;接着将转速调至240转/分钟压制6次;压制完后在室温下放置养生8小时以上;然后在电干燥窑中干燥,先在120℃下干燥12小时,然后在200℃下干燥8小时;干燥后得到钢包罐沿,成品包装。
实施例3一种钢包罐沿砖,由下述重量百分比的原料制备而成:
具体制备方法如下:
以上所有原料按重量配比称重后,将再生镁铬质料颗粒和再生铝碳质料颗粒搅拌均匀得到混合料,然后向其中加入占混合料加入量4%的结合剂酚醛树脂,继续搅拌均匀制成混合物;在螺旋压力机进行压制成型,压制时,先以转速180转/分钟压制2次;接着将转速调至260转/分钟压制5次;压制完后在室温下放置养生8小时以上;然后在电干燥窑中干燥,先在120℃下干燥12小时,然后在200℃下干燥8小时;干燥后得到钢包罐沿,成品包装。
本发明的罐沿砖已经在某钢厂中形成了批量供货,每月使用量60吨以上。
实施例1制备的钢包罐沿砖的具体检测指标如下表1:
表1
注:①耐压强度的检测参照《GB/T 5072-2008耐火材料常温耐压强度试验方法》进行,测试试样干燥条件为110℃下干燥24h。
②气孔率、体积密度的检测参照《GB/T 2997-2015致密定形耐火制品体积密度、显气孔率和真气孔率试验方法》进行,测试试样干燥条件为110℃下干燥24h。
分别按照《GB/T 8931-2007耐火材料抗渣性试验方法》以及《GB/T 13244-1991含碳耐火材料抗氧化性试验方法》检测实施例1制备的罐沿砖以及传统罐沿砖的抗渣性和抗氧化性,结果见表2。
表2
坩埚抗渣实验 侵蚀厚度 | 抗氧化实验 氧化层厚度 | |
传统罐沿砖 | 约1mm | 约2mm |
实施例罐沿砖 | 约0.85mm | 1.5-1.8mm |
Claims (10)
3.根据权利要求1所述的钢包罐沿砖,其特征在于,所述结合剂加入量占混合料质量的3%-5%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的钢包罐沿砖,其特征在于,所述再生镁铬质料为将回收的废镁铬砖进行人工拣选,清理残留在表面的熔渣及变质层;将拣选后的废镁铬砖经干燥、破碎得到;所述再生铝碳质料为将回收的铝碳砖进行人工拣选,清理残留在表面的熔渣及变质层;将拣选后的废铝碳砖经干燥、破碎得到。
5.根据权利要求4所述的钢包罐沿砖,其特征在于,所述废镁铬砖及废铝碳砖分别为RH精炼炉和铁水包工作衬水包使用目标炉役后,对工作衬材料进行拆除后回收到。
6.根据权利要求5所述的钢包罐沿砖,其特征在于,所述再生镁铬质料中MgO含量≥58wt%,Cr2O3≥12wt%;所述再再生铝碳质料中Al2O3含量≥60wt%,C含量≥8wt%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的钢包罐沿砖,其特征在于,所述结合剂为酚醛树脂,所述酚醛树脂中固含量≥68wt%,水份≤3wt%,残炭含量≥39wt%。
8.一种权利要求1-7任一项所述的钢包罐沿砖的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)将再生镁铬质料颗粒和再生铝碳质料颗粒搅拌均匀得到混合料,然后向其中加入结合剂后搅拌均匀;
(2)在螺旋压力机进行压制成型;
(3)室温养生8小时以上;
(4)进电干燥窑干燥。
9.根据权利要求8所述的钢制备方法,其特征在于,所述压制成型采用多次压制方式,首先在转速小于等于200转/分钟条件下压制2-3次;然后在转速大于200转/分钟条件下压制5-7次。
10.根据权利要求8所述的钢制备方法,其特征在于,所述干燥采用阶段干燥方式进行,首先在120℃下干燥12小时,然后在200℃下干燥8小时。
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