CN114467988B - Pesticide for preventing and controlling agricultural diseases and insect pests and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a pesticide for preventing and controlling agricultural diseases and insect pests and a preparation method thereof, which are prepared from Aspergillus oryzae spore suspension, trichoderma hypha, chinaberry fruit extract, ailanthus altissima leaf extract, garlic fermentation product, glucagons, silicon dioxide coated nano zinc oxide, sodium alginate, calcium chloride solution, water and the like. The raw materials of the invention are mainly plant source components or microorganism components, the pollution is small, the problem of drug resistance after long-term use is avoided, and the invention has good control effect on various insects and mites.

Description

Pesticide for preventing and controlling agricultural diseases and insect pests and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of pesticide preparation, and relates to a pesticide for controlling agricultural diseases and insect pests and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The agricultural plant diseases and insect pests are common agricultural disasters, have the characteristics of multiple types, large influence and the like, and can cause great loss to agricultural production. The agricultural plant diseases and insect pests comprise various insects and mites for rice, corn, wheat, potatoes, soybeans, sunflowers, vegetables, fruit trees and the like, and have various types and great control difficulty.

The pesticide is the most effective method for preventing and controlling agricultural diseases and insect pests, and has very important significance for guaranteeing stable yield and yield increase of agricultural products. However, most of the existing pesticides are chemical pesticides, the problem of low utilization rate is common, and the residual pesticides enter natural environment through runoff, volatilization and leaching, so that the environment pollution is serious and the human health is endangered. A large amount of pesticides volatilize into the air, flow into water, settle and gather in soil, most of pesticides have strong fat solubility and can permeate into waxy layers of plant surfaces, and are difficult to clean completely, so most of pesticides can pollute farm animals and fishery products, and are transferred into human bodies through the enrichment effect of food chains, so that the harm to the human bodies is generated. The highly effective and highly toxic pesticide has large toxicity and long residual time in the environment, and can cause accumulated poisoning when people and livestock eat foods containing the residual pesticide. The harm usually shows symptoms after long-time accumulation, but enters the human body finally through the enrichment function of a food chain, so that the harm is not easy to find in time and serious.

The long-term single and unscientific application of chemical pesticides can also cause pathogenic bacteria to generate resistance to the currently used pesticides, the development of diseases is still difficult to effectively control due to the annual increase of the application dosage and the application times, and meanwhile, the harm of the pesticides to the ecological environment is also increased.

In addition, the existing chemical pesticide can only have control effect on one or more specific insects and mites, and has almost no control effect on other insects or mites, so that the control difficulty on complex agricultural diseases and insect pests is high, multiple chemical pesticides are often required to be combined for use, the pollution is high, and the control effect is poor.

The patent application CN102657191B discloses a field tank-mixed pesticide synergistic formula aiming at rice planthoppers and borers, which is prepared by mixing three pesticide preparations, wherein the three pesticide preparations respectively comprise chlorantraniliprole, emamectin benzoate and pymetrozine as active ingredients. The formula is suitable for tank mixing in the field, fully utilizes the complementary advantages of longer persistence of pymetrozine, high efficiency of chlorantraniliprole on rice stem borers and strong quick-acting property of emamectin benzoate, can kill rice planthoppers and stem borers efficiently, and remarkably improves the control effect; has long-acting property and quick-acting property, and overcomes the defects of poor quick-acting property or short lasting property of single medicament; reduces the field application times, the dosage and the application cost, and reduces the pollution of pesticides to the paddy field environment. However, the formula is only limited to the control of rice planthoppers and borers, and is limited to the control of other diseases and insect pests, and the formula is chemical components, so that the pollution to the environment is unavoidable, and the problem of drug resistance can be generated after long-term use.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide an agricultural pest control pesticide and a preparation method thereof, which are mostly plant source components, have little pollution and have good control effects on various insects and mites.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

an agricultural pest control pesticide is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3 to 4 parts of aspergillus polyose spore suspension, 0.5 to 0.7 part of trichoderma hypha, 0.3 to 0.4 part of chinaberry fruit extract, 0.1 to 0.2 part of ailanthus altissima leaf extract, 0.1 to 0.2 part of garlic fermentation product, 0.1 to 0.2 part of glucose polyolefin, 1 to 1.5 parts of silicon dioxide coated nano zinc oxide, 1.5 to 2 parts of sodium alginate, 500 to 520 parts of calcium chloride solution with the mass concentration of 2 to 4 percent and 50 to 60 parts of water.

Preferably, the preparation method of the Aspergillus polytrichum spore suspension is as follows: inoculating Aspergillus polytrichus with 1-1.5% mass inoculation amount on a culture medium, culturing for 4-5 days at 30-35 ℃, and flushing the culture medium with physiological saline after spores grow out to obtain spore suspension; wherein, the composition of the culture medium is as follows: glucose 20g, agar 20g, potato extract 1000mL.

Preferably, the preparation method of the trichoderma hyphae comprises the following steps: inoculating trichoderma into a culture medium according to the mass inoculation amount of 2-3%, culturing for 45-50 hours at the temperature of 28-30 ℃, and filtering to obtain the trichoderma; wherein, the composition of the culture medium is as follows: 20g of beet liquid, 0.5g of ammonium sulfate, 0.2g of magnesium sulfate and 1.5g of monopotassium phosphate.

Preferably, the preparation method of the szechwan chinaberry fruit extract comprises the following steps: pulverizing fructus Toosendan, adding into 4-6 times of ethanol solution, heating to reflux, stirring for 150-180 min under heat preservation, filtering to obtain filtrate, steaming, and drying; wherein the volume concentration of the ethanol solution is 75-85%.

Preferably, the preparation method of the ailanthus altissima leaf extract comprises the following steps: firstly cleaning and drying ailanthus leaves, crushing the ailanthus leaves to 200-300 meshes, then adding the ailanthus leaves into an ethanol solution with the weight being 4-6 times of that of the ailanthus leaves, heating the ailanthus leaves to reflux, preserving heat and stirring the ailanthus leaves for 130-150 minutes, filtering the ailanthus leaves, taking filtrate, steaming the filtrate in a rotary mode, and drying the filtrate to obtain the ailanthus leaves; wherein the volume concentration of the ethanol solution is 80-90%.

Preferably, the preparation method of the garlic fermentation product comprises the following steps in parts by weight: adding 5-7 parts of glucose, 0.3-0.4 part of sodium nitrate, 0.3-0.4 part of magnesium sulfate, 0.3-0.4 part of potassium chloride, 0.3-0.4 part of ferric sulfate and 3-5 parts of OP-20 into 70-80 parts of deionized water, stirring and dispersing uniformly, then adding 15-25 parts of garlic, 5-7 parts of bacillus subtilis and 5-6 parts of 20-30% acetic acid solution by mass concentration, stirring and mixing uniformly, fermenting for 8-10 hours at 25-28 ℃, centrifuging to obtain precipitate, and drying to obtain the product.

Preferably, the preparation method of the silica coated nano zinc oxide comprises the following steps of: firstly, 4 to 6 parts of nano zinc oxide is ultrasonically dispersed in 50 to 60 parts of water, 5 to 6 parts of 0.03 to 0.05mol/L sodium silicate solution is dropwise added under stirring, the pH value is regulated to be 9.5, the temperature is heated to 80 to 90 ℃,2 to 3 parts of 0.03 to 0.05mol/L sodium silicate solution is continuously dropwise added under stirring, the pH value is regulated to be 8.5, the mixture is naturally cooled to room temperature, and the mixture is stood and aged for 2 to 3 hours, centrifugally taken out, washed and dried, thus obtaining the nano zinc oxide.

The preparation method of the pesticide for controlling the agricultural diseases and insect pests comprises the following specific steps:

(1) Mixing fructus Toosendan extract, ailanthus altissima leaf extract, bulbus Allii fermentation product and glucose, and performing ultrahigh pressure air explosion to obtain premix;

(2) Then adding the premix and the silicon dioxide coated nano zinc oxide into water, carrying out ultrasonic oscillation and uniform dispersion, then adding the Aspergillus polyrhizus spore suspension and the Trichoderma hypha, and stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain pre-load slurry;

(3) And adding sodium alginate into the pre-loaded slurry, stirring and mixing uniformly, and finally adding a calcium chloride solution while stirring to obtain a gelatinous pesticide, and spray-drying to obtain the pesticide.

Preferably, in the step (1), the pressure adopted by the ultrahigh-pressure gas explosion is 100-110 MPa.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the invention takes Aspergillus oryzae spore suspension, trichoderma hypha, chinaberry fruit extract, ailanthus altissima leaf extract, garlic fermentation product, glucose, silicon dioxide coated nano zinc oxide, sodium alginate, calcium chloride solution, water and the like as raw materials to prepare the agricultural pesticide for preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests. The raw materials of the invention are mainly plant source components or microorganism components, the pollution is small, the problem of drug resistance after long-term use is avoided, and the invention has good control effect on various insects and mites.

Aspergillus polyrectifier spores and trichoderma wires synergistically improve stress resistance of crops, improve the growth microenvironment of the crops, generate beneficial substances and play a role in controlling diseases and insect pests. The szechwan chinaberry fruit extract and the ailanthus altissima leaf extract contain insecticidal components, so that the pest control effect is synergistically improved. The garlic fermentation product is obtained by fermenting garlic as a raw material, and insecticidal components such as allicin and the like are produced by fermentation, so that the pest control effect of the product is further improved. The glucose can promote cell activation, stimulate growth, release signals, stimulate and induce crops to generate resistance, and obtain disease resistance stimulating factors, so that the crops have broad-spectrum pest control effects. The silica coated nano zinc oxide is nano-sized, can induce oxidative stress, causes cell death and tissue injury of insects, mites and the like, damages protein disorder, and further improves the pest control effect.

When the preparation method is used, the szechwan chinaberry fruit extract, the ailanthus altissima leaf extract, the garlic fermentation product and the glucide are uniformly mixed, and the premix is obtained through ultrahigh-pressure air explosion; then adding the premix and the silicon dioxide coated nano zinc oxide into water, carrying out ultrasonic oscillation and uniform dispersion, then adding the Aspergillus polyrhizus spore suspension and the Trichoderma hypha, and stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain pre-load slurry; and adding sodium alginate into the pre-loaded slurry, stirring and mixing uniformly, and finally adding a calcium chloride solution while stirring to obtain a gelatinous pesticide, and spray-drying to obtain the pesticide. Wherein, the szechwan chinaberry fruit extract, the ailanthus leaf extract, the garlic fermentation product and the glucide are uniformly mixed and then subjected to ultrahigh-pressure air explosion, so that the premix is in nano-scale, on one hand, the absorption of crops is facilitated, on the other hand, the adsorption load of the silica coated nano-zinc oxide on the premix can be promoted, and the adsorption load of the silica coated nano-zinc oxide on aspergillus polyrhizium spores, trichoderma hyphae and the like is further acted, so that the protection effect is realized, and the premix is prevented from losing efficacy in the storage process. The gel is prepared from sodium alginate and calcium chloride solution, has rich pores and large specific surface area, increases the contact area, and further improves the pest control effect of the product.

Detailed Description

Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below.

The Aspergillus oryzae related by the invention is purchased from Shanghai Siemens biotechnology Co., ltd; trichoderma, available from Shanghai Valley research industries Co., ltd; bacillus subtilis, available from Shanghai, inc.

Example 1:

the preparation method of the pesticide for preventing and controlling the agricultural diseases and insect pests comprises the following specific steps:

(1) Uniformly mixing 0.3g of szechwan chinaberry fruit extract, 0.1g of ailanthus altissima leaf extract, 0.1g of garlic fermentation product and 0.1g of glucose, and performing ultrahigh-pressure gas explosion under the condition of 100MPa to obtain a premix;

(2) Adding the premix and 1g of silicon dioxide coated nano zinc oxide into 50g of water, uniformly dispersing by ultrasonic oscillation, then adding 3g of Aspergillus polyrhizus spore suspension and 0.5g of Trichoderma hypha, and uniformly stirring to obtain pre-load slurry;

(3) And adding 1.5g of sodium alginate into the pre-loaded slurry, stirring and mixing uniformly, and finally adding 500g of 2% calcium chloride solution with mass concentration while stirring to obtain gel-like pesticide, and spray-drying to obtain the pesticide.

The preparation method of the Aspergillus oryzae spore suspension comprises the following steps: inoculating Aspergillus polytrichus on a culture medium in an inoculum size of 1% by mass, culturing for 4 days at 30 ℃, and flushing the spores by using normal saline after the spores grow out to obtain a spore suspension; wherein, the composition of the culture medium is as follows: glucose 20g, agar 20g, potato extract 1000mL.

The preparation method of the trichoderma hyphae comprises the following steps: inoculating trichoderma into a culture medium according to the mass inoculation amount of 2%, culturing for 45-50 hours at the temperature of 28-30 ℃, and filtering to obtain the trichoderma; wherein, the composition of the culture medium is as follows: 20g of beet liquid, 0.5g of ammonium sulfate, 0.2g of magnesium sulfate and 1.5g of monopotassium phosphate.

The preparation method of the szechwan chinaberry fruit extract comprises the following steps: pulverizing fructus Toosendan, adding into 4 times of ethanol solution, heating to reflux, stirring for 150 min under heat preservation, filtering to obtain filtrate, steaming, and drying; wherein the volume concentration of the ethanol solution is 75%.

The preparation method of the ailanthus altissima leaf extract comprises the following steps: firstly cleaning and drying ailanthus altissima leaves, crushing the ailanthus altissima leaves to 200 meshes, then adding the ailanthus altissima leaves into an ethanol solution with the weight being 4 times of that of the ailanthus altissima leaves, heating the ailanthus altissima leaves to reflux, preserving heat and stirring the ailanthus altissima leaves for 130 minutes, filtering the ailanthus altissima leaves to obtain filtrate, steaming the filtrate in a rotary mode, and drying the filtrate to obtain the ailanthus altissima leaves; wherein the volume concentration of the ethanol solution is 80%.

The preparation method of the garlic fermentation product comprises the following steps: adding 5g of glucose, 0.3g of sodium nitrate, 0.3g of magnesium sulfate, 0.3g of potassium chloride, 0.3g of ferric sulfate and 3g of OP-20 into 70g of deionized water, stirring and dispersing uniformly, then adding 15g of garlic, 5g of bacillus subtilis and 5g of 20% acetic acid solution by mass concentration, stirring and mixing uniformly, fermenting at 25 ℃ for 8 hours, centrifuging to obtain precipitate, and drying to obtain the finished product.

The preparation method of the silica coated nano zinc oxide comprises the following steps: firstly, dispersing 4g of nano zinc oxide in 50g of water by ultrasonic, dropwise adding 5g of 0.03mol/L sodium silicate solution while stirring, adjusting pH to be 9.5, heating to 80 ℃, continuously dropwise adding 2g of 0.03mol/L sodium silicate solution while stirring, adjusting pH to be 8.5, naturally cooling to room temperature, standing and ageing for 2 hours, centrifuging, taking precipitate, washing and drying to obtain the nano zinc oxide.

Example 2:

the preparation method of the pesticide for preventing and controlling the agricultural diseases and insect pests comprises the following specific steps:

(1) Uniformly mixing 0.4g of szechwan chinaberry fruit extract, 0.2g of ailanthus altissima leaf extract, 0.2g of garlic fermentation product and 0.2g of glucose, and performing ultrahigh-pressure gas explosion under the pressure of 110MPa to obtain a premix;

(2) Then adding premix and 1.5g of silicon dioxide coated nano zinc oxide into 60g of water, uniformly dispersing by ultrasonic oscillation, then adding 4g of Aspergillus polyrhizus spore suspension and 0.7g of trichoderma hypha, and uniformly stirring to obtain pre-load slurry;

(3) And adding 2g of sodium alginate into the pre-loaded slurry, stirring and mixing uniformly, and finally adding 520g of 4% calcium chloride solution with mass concentration while stirring to obtain gel-like pesticide, and spray-drying to obtain the pesticide.

The preparation method of the Aspergillus oryzae spore suspension comprises the following steps: inoculating Aspergillus polytrichus on a culture medium in an inoculum size of 1.5% by mass, culturing for 5 days at 35 ℃, and flushing the spores by using normal saline after the spores grow out to obtain a spore suspension; wherein, the composition of the culture medium is as follows: glucose 20g, agar 20g, potato extract 1000mL.

The preparation method of the trichoderma hyphae comprises the following steps: inoculating Trichoderma into culture medium with 3% mass inoculation amount, culturing at 30deg.C for 50 hr, and filtering to obtain the final product; wherein, the composition of the culture medium is as follows: 20g of beet liquid, 0.5g of ammonium sulfate, 0.2g of magnesium sulfate and 1.5g of monopotassium phosphate.

The preparation method of the szechwan chinaberry fruit extract comprises the following steps: pulverizing fructus Toosendan, adding into 6 times of ethanol solution, heating to reflux, stirring for 180 min under heat preservation, filtering to obtain filtrate, steaming, and drying; wherein the volume concentration of the ethanol solution is 85%.

The preparation method of the ailanthus altissima leaf extract comprises the following steps: firstly cleaning and drying ailanthus altissima leaves, crushing the ailanthus altissima leaves to 300 meshes, then adding the ailanthus altissima leaves into an ethanol solution with the weight being 6 times of that of the ailanthus altissima leaves, heating the ailanthus altissima leaves to reflux, preserving heat and stirring the ailanthus altissima leaves for 150 minutes, filtering the ailanthus altissima leaves to obtain filtrate, steaming the filtrate in a rotary mode, and drying the filtrate to obtain the ailanthus altissima leaves; wherein the volume concentration of the ethanol solution is 90%.

The preparation method of the garlic fermentation product comprises the following steps: adding 7g of glucose, 0.4g of sodium nitrate, 0.4g of magnesium sulfate, 0.4g of potassium chloride, 0.4g of ferric sulfate and 5g of OP-20 into 80g of deionized water, stirring and dispersing uniformly, then adding 25g of garlic, 7g of bacillus subtilis and 6g of 30% acetic acid solution by mass concentration, stirring and mixing uniformly, fermenting at 28 ℃ for 10 hours, centrifuging to obtain precipitate, and drying to obtain the finished product.

The preparation method of the silica coated nano zinc oxide comprises the following steps: firstly, dispersing 6g of nano zinc oxide in 60g of water by ultrasonic, dropwise adding 6g of 0.05mol/L sodium silicate solution while stirring, adjusting the pH to be 9.5, heating to 90 ℃, continuously dropwise adding 3g of 0.05mol/L sodium silicate solution while stirring, adjusting the pH to be 8.5, naturally cooling to room temperature, standing and ageing for 3 hours, centrifuging, taking precipitate, washing and drying to obtain the nano zinc oxide.

Example 3:

the preparation method of the pesticide for preventing and controlling the agricultural diseases and insect pests comprises the following specific steps:

(1) Uniformly mixing 0.35g of szechwan chinaberry fruit extract, 0.15g of ailanthus altissima leaf extract, 0.15g of garlic fermentation product and 0.15g of glucose, and performing ultrahigh-pressure gas explosion under the pressure of 110MPa to obtain a premix;

(2) Then adding premix and 1.2g of silicon dioxide coated nano zinc oxide into 55g of water, uniformly dispersing by ultrasonic oscillation, then adding 3.5g of Aspergillus polyrhizus spore suspension and 0.6g of trichoderma hypha, and uniformly stirring to obtain pre-load slurry;

(3) And adding 1.8g of sodium alginate into the pre-loaded slurry, stirring and mixing uniformly, adding 510g of 3% calcium chloride solution with mass concentration while stirring to obtain gel-like pesticide, and spray-drying to obtain the pesticide.

The preparation method of the Aspergillus oryzae spore suspension comprises the following steps: inoculating Aspergillus polytrichus on a culture medium in an inoculum size of 1.2% by mass, culturing for 5 days at 33 ℃, and flushing the spores with normal saline after the spores grow out to obtain a spore suspension; wherein, the composition of the culture medium is as follows: glucose 20g, agar 20g, potato extract 1000mL.

The preparation method of the trichoderma hyphae comprises the following steps: inoculating Trichoderma into culture medium with 2.5% mass inoculum size, culturing at 29 deg.C for 48 hr, and filtering to obtain the final product; wherein, the composition of the culture medium is as follows: 20g of beet liquid, 0.5g of ammonium sulfate, 0.2g of magnesium sulfate and 1.5g of monopotassium phosphate.

The preparation method of the szechwan chinaberry fruit extract comprises the following steps: pulverizing fructus Toosendan, adding into 5 times of ethanol solution, heating to reflux, stirring for 170 min, filtering to obtain filtrate, steaming, and drying; wherein the volume concentration of the ethanol solution is 80%.

The preparation method of the ailanthus altissima leaf extract comprises the following steps: firstly cleaning and drying ailanthus altissima leaves, crushing the ailanthus altissima leaves to 300 meshes, then adding the ailanthus altissima leaves into an ethanol solution with the weight being 5 times of that of the ailanthus altissima leaves, heating the ailanthus altissima leaves to reflux, preserving heat and stirring the ailanthus altissima leaves for 140 minutes, filtering the ailanthus altissima leaves to obtain filtrate, steaming the filtrate in a rotary mode, and drying the filtrate to obtain the ailanthus altissima leaves; wherein the volume concentration of the ethanol solution is 85%.

The preparation method of the garlic fermentation product comprises the following steps: adding 6g of glucose, 0.35g of sodium nitrate, 0.35g of magnesium sulfate, 0.35g of potassium chloride, 0.35g of ferric sulfate and 4g of OP-20 into 75g of deionized water, stirring and dispersing uniformly, then adding 20g of garlic, 6g of bacillus subtilis and 5.5g of 25% acetic acid solution by mass concentration, stirring and mixing uniformly, fermenting for 9 hours at 27 ℃, centrifuging, taking out precipitate, and drying to obtain the composite material.

The preparation method of the silica coated nano zinc oxide comprises the following steps: firstly dispersing 5g of nano zinc oxide in 55g of water by ultrasonic, dropwise adding 5.5g of 0.04mol/L sodium silicate solution while stirring, adjusting pH to 9.5, heating to 85 ℃, continuously dropwise adding 2.5g of 0.04mol/L sodium silicate solution while stirring, adjusting pH to 8.5, naturally cooling to room temperature, standing and ageing for 2.5 hours, centrifuging, taking precipitate, washing and drying to obtain the nano zinc oxide.

Comparative example 1

The preparation method of the pesticide for preventing and controlling the agricultural diseases and insect pests comprises the following specific steps:

(1) Uniformly mixing 0.3g of szechwan chinaberry fruit extract, 0.1g of ailanthus altissima leaf extract and 0.1g of glucose, and performing ultrahigh-pressure air explosion under the condition of 100MPa to obtain a premix;

(2) Adding the premix and 1g of silicon dioxide coated nano zinc oxide into 50g of water, uniformly dispersing by ultrasonic oscillation, then adding 3g of Aspergillus polyrhizus spore suspension and 0.5g of Trichoderma hypha, and uniformly stirring to obtain pre-load slurry;

(3) And adding 1.5g of sodium alginate into the pre-loaded slurry, stirring and mixing uniformly, and finally adding 500g of 2% calcium chloride solution with mass concentration while stirring to obtain gel-like pesticide, and spray-drying to obtain the pesticide.

The preparation method of the Aspergillus oryzae spore suspension comprises the following steps: inoculating Aspergillus polytrichus on a culture medium in an inoculum size of 1% by mass, culturing for 4 days at 30 ℃, and flushing the spores by using normal saline after the spores grow out to obtain a spore suspension; wherein, the composition of the culture medium is as follows: glucose 20g, agar 20g, potato extract 1000mL.

The preparation method of the trichoderma hyphae comprises the following steps: inoculating trichoderma into a culture medium according to the mass inoculation amount of 2%, culturing for 45-50 hours at the temperature of 28-30 ℃, and filtering to obtain the trichoderma; wherein, the composition of the culture medium is as follows: 20g of beet liquid, 0.5g of ammonium sulfate, 0.2g of magnesium sulfate and 1.5g of monopotassium phosphate.

The preparation method of the szechwan chinaberry fruit extract comprises the following steps: pulverizing fructus Toosendan, adding into 4 times of ethanol solution, heating to reflux, stirring for 150 min under heat preservation, filtering to obtain filtrate, steaming, and drying; wherein the volume concentration of the ethanol solution is 75%.

The preparation method of the ailanthus altissima leaf extract comprises the following steps: firstly cleaning and drying ailanthus altissima leaves, crushing the ailanthus altissima leaves to 200 meshes, then adding the ailanthus altissima leaves into an ethanol solution with the weight being 4 times of that of the ailanthus altissima leaves, heating the ailanthus altissima leaves to reflux, preserving heat and stirring the ailanthus altissima leaves for 130 minutes, filtering the ailanthus altissima leaves to obtain filtrate, steaming the filtrate in a rotary mode, and drying the filtrate to obtain the ailanthus altissima leaves; wherein the volume concentration of the ethanol solution is 80%.

The preparation method of the silica coated nano zinc oxide comprises the following steps: firstly, dispersing 4g of nano zinc oxide in 50g of water by ultrasonic, dropwise adding 5g of 0.03mol/L sodium silicate solution while stirring, adjusting pH to be 9.5, heating to 80 ℃, continuously dropwise adding 2g of 0.03mol/L sodium silicate solution while stirring, adjusting pH to be 8.5, naturally cooling to room temperature, standing and ageing for 2 hours, centrifuging, taking precipitate, washing and drying to obtain the nano zinc oxide.

Comparative example 2

The preparation method of the pesticide for preventing and controlling the agricultural diseases and insect pests comprises the following specific steps:

(1) Uniformly mixing 0.3g of szechwan chinaberry fruit extract, 0.1g of ailanthus altissima leaf extract, 0.1g of garlic fermentation product and 0.1g of glucose, and performing ultrahigh-pressure gas explosion under the condition of 100MPa to obtain a premix;

(2) Adding 50g of water into the premix, uniformly dispersing by ultrasonic oscillation, then adding 3g of Aspergillus polyrhizus spore suspension and 0.5g of Trichoderma hypha, and uniformly stirring to obtain a pre-load slurry;

(3) And adding 1.5g of sodium alginate into the pre-loaded slurry, stirring and mixing uniformly, and finally adding 500g of 2% calcium chloride solution with mass concentration while stirring to obtain gel-like pesticide, and spray-drying to obtain the pesticide.

The preparation method of the Aspergillus oryzae spore suspension comprises the following steps: inoculating Aspergillus polytrichus on a culture medium in an inoculum size of 1% by mass, culturing for 4 days at 30 ℃, and flushing the spores by using normal saline after the spores grow out to obtain a spore suspension; wherein, the composition of the culture medium is as follows: glucose 20g, agar 20g, potato extract 1000mL.

The preparation method of the trichoderma hyphae comprises the following steps: inoculating trichoderma into a culture medium according to the mass inoculation amount of 2%, culturing for 45-50 hours at the temperature of 28-30 ℃, and filtering to obtain the trichoderma; wherein, the composition of the culture medium is as follows: 20g of beet liquid, 0.5g of ammonium sulfate, 0.2g of magnesium sulfate and 1.5g of monopotassium phosphate.

The preparation method of the szechwan chinaberry fruit extract comprises the following steps: pulverizing fructus Toosendan, adding into 4 times of ethanol solution, heating to reflux, stirring for 150 min under heat preservation, filtering to obtain filtrate, steaming, and drying; wherein the volume concentration of the ethanol solution is 75%.

The preparation method of the ailanthus altissima leaf extract comprises the following steps: firstly cleaning and drying ailanthus altissima leaves, crushing the ailanthus altissima leaves to 200 meshes, then adding the ailanthus altissima leaves into an ethanol solution with the weight being 4 times of that of the ailanthus altissima leaves, heating the ailanthus altissima leaves to reflux, preserving heat and stirring the ailanthus altissima leaves for 130 minutes, filtering the ailanthus altissima leaves to obtain filtrate, steaming the filtrate in a rotary mode, and drying the filtrate to obtain the ailanthus altissima leaves; wherein the volume concentration of the ethanol solution is 80%.

The preparation method of the garlic fermentation product comprises the following steps: adding 5g of glucose, 0.3g of sodium nitrate, 0.3g of magnesium sulfate, 0.3g of potassium chloride, 0.3g of ferric sulfate and 3g of OP-20 into 70g of deionized water, stirring and dispersing uniformly, then adding 15g of garlic, 5g of bacillus subtilis and 5g of 20% acetic acid solution by mass concentration, stirring and mixing uniformly, fermenting at 25 ℃ for 8 hours, centrifuging to obtain precipitate, and drying to obtain the finished product.

The pesticides obtained in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 and 2 were used to examine insecticidal activity against insects (spodoptera frugiperda, armyworm, culex pallidum) and mites (Bai Xiao onychus ulmi, tetranychus cinnabarinus), and the specific method was as follows: firstly, adding 1g of pesticide into 10g of water, stirring and dispersing uniformly (for use at present), then adopting an Airbrush spraying method to measure insecticidal activity, and counting mortality of insects and mites after 2 days of treatment; wherein, the spraying pressure is 0.7kPa, and the spraying amount is 0.5mL. The results are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1 insecticidal Activity investigation results

As is clear from Table 1, the agricultural chemicals obtained in examples 1 to 3 all had good insecticidal effects against Spodoptera frugiperda, myxoplasma, culex pallidum, bai Xiao onychus, tetranychus cinnabarinus, etc., indicating broad-spectrum pest control effects.

Comparative example 1 omits the garlic fermentation product, comparative example 2 omits the silica coated nano zinc oxide, and the pest control effect of the obtained pesticide is obviously deteriorated, which shows that the components of the invention synergistically promote the improvement of the pest control effect.

Finally, it is noted that the above-mentioned preferred embodiments are only intended to illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that, although the invention has been described in detail by means of the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (3)

1. The agricultural pesticide for preventing and controlling the plant diseases and insect pests is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3 to 4 parts of poly aspergillus spore suspension, 0.5 to 0.7 part of trichoderma hypha, 0.3 to 0.4 part of szechwan chinaberry fruit extract, 0.1 to 0.2 part of ailanthus altissima leaf extract, 0.1 to 0.2 part of garlic fermentation product, 0.1 to 0.2 part of glucose polyolefin, 1 to 1.5 parts of silicon dioxide coated nano zinc oxide, 1.5 to 2 parts of sodium alginate, 500 to 520 parts of calcium chloride solution with the mass concentration of 2 to 4 percent and 50 to 60 parts of water;

the preparation method of the Aspergillus polytrichi spore suspension comprises the following steps: inoculating Aspergillus polytrichus with 1-1.5% mass inoculation amount on a culture medium, culturing for 4-5 days at 30-35 ℃, and flushing the culture medium with physiological saline after spores grow out to obtain spore suspension; wherein, the composition of the culture medium is as follows: glucose 20g, agar 20g and potato extract 1000mL;

the preparation method of the trichoderma hyphae comprises the following steps: inoculating trichoderma into a culture medium according to the mass inoculation amount of 2-3%, culturing for 45-50 hours at the temperature of 28-30 ℃, and filtering to obtain the trichoderma; wherein, the composition of the culture medium is as follows: 20g of beet liquid, 0.5g of ammonium sulfate, 0.2g of magnesium sulfate and 1.5g of monopotassium phosphate;

the preparation method of the szechwan chinaberry fruit extract comprises the following steps: pulverizing fructus Toosendan, adding into 4-6 times of ethanol solution, heating to reflux, stirring for 150-180 min under heat preservation, filtering to obtain filtrate, steaming, and drying; wherein, the volume concentration of the ethanol solution is 75-85%;

the preparation method of the ailanthus altissima leaf extract comprises the following steps: firstly cleaning and drying ailanthus leaves, crushing the ailanthus leaves to 200-300 meshes, then adding the ailanthus leaves into an ethanol solution with the weight being 4-6 times of that of the ailanthus leaves, heating the ailanthus leaves to reflux, preserving heat and stirring the ailanthus leaves for 130-150 minutes, filtering the ailanthus leaves, taking filtrate, steaming the filtrate in a rotary mode, and drying the filtrate to obtain the ailanthus leaves; wherein the volume concentration of the ethanol solution is 80-90%;

the preparation method of the garlic fermentation product comprises the following steps of: adding 5-7 parts of glucose, 0.3-0.4 part of sodium nitrate, 0.3-0.4 part of magnesium sulfate, 0.3-0.4 part of potassium chloride, 0.3-0.4 part of ferric sulfate and 3-5 parts of OP-20 into 70-80 parts of deionized water, stirring and dispersing uniformly, then adding 15-25 parts of garlic, 5-7 parts of bacillus subtilis and 5-6 parts of 20-30% acetic acid solution by mass concentration, stirring and mixing uniformly, fermenting for 8-10 hours at 25-28 ℃, centrifuging to obtain precipitate, and drying to obtain the product;

the preparation method of the silica coated nano zinc oxide comprises the following steps of: firstly, 4 to 6 parts of nano zinc oxide is ultrasonically dispersed in 50 to 60 parts of water, 5 to 6 parts of 0.03 to 0.05mol/L sodium silicate solution is dropwise added under stirring, the pH value is regulated to be 9.5, the temperature is heated to 80 to 90 ℃,2 to 3 parts of 0.03 to 0.05mol/L sodium silicate solution is continuously dropwise added under stirring, the pH value is regulated to be 8.5, the mixture is naturally cooled to room temperature, and the mixture is stood and aged for 2 to 3 hours, centrifugally taken out, washed and dried, thus obtaining the nano zinc oxide.

2. The method for preparing a pesticide for controlling agricultural diseases and insect pests according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:

(1) Mixing fructus Toosendan extract, ailanthus altissima leaf extract, bulbus Allii fermentation product and glucose, and performing ultrahigh pressure air explosion to obtain premix;

(2) Then adding the premix and the silicon dioxide coated nano zinc oxide into water, carrying out ultrasonic oscillation and uniform dispersion, then adding the Aspergillus polyrhizus spore suspension and the Trichoderma hypha, and stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain pre-load slurry;

(3) And adding sodium alginate into the pre-loaded slurry, stirring and mixing uniformly, and finally adding a calcium chloride solution while stirring to obtain a gelatinous pesticide, and spray-drying to obtain the pesticide.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein in the step (1), the pressure used for the ultrahigh-pressure gas explosion is 100 to 110MPa.