CN114467670B - Large-field standardized breeding method of buttercup florus in Huang-Huai-Hai river basin - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of flower planting, and particularly relates to a field standardized breeding method of ranunculus asiaticus in Huang-Huai-Hai river basin. According to the method, large-scale standardized breeding of the ranunculus asiaticus in Huang-Huai-Hai river basin is realized by the steps of planting field selection, fertilizing and soil preparation, ridge making, sowing and seedling raising in proper time, building a special small arched shed, seedbed management, water and fertilizer management, pest control, flowering period management, management after flowering and the like, the small arched shed is built for heat preservation and moisture preservation by sowing high-quality ranunculus asiaticus seeds, the safe wintering of the ranunculus asiaticus is ensured, and the ranunculus asiaticus is bred in large scale and large area by reasonably controlling water, fertilizer and pest and disease damage, so that the landscape requirement is met while new species breeding is realized, and the method has important significance on popularization, application and industrial production of the ranunculus asiaticus.

Description

Large-field standardized breeding method of buttercup in Huang-Huai-Hai watershed

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of flower planting, and particularly relates to a field standardized breeding method of ranunculus asiaticus in Huang-Huai-Hai river basin.

Background

Ranunculus asiaticus is native to southeast Europe and southeast Asia, and is also called herb peony, persian buttercup and Paeonia suffruticosa, which is perennial bulbous flower of Ranunculaceae Ranunculus. The flower has beautiful plant shape, bright color, large flower, beautiful and various styles, extremely rich flower types and varieties, high ornamental value and commodity value, and is very popular with people.

China starts to introduce and cultivate a large amount of seeds from the middle of the 90 th generation of the last century, and is mainly used for potted plant ornamental and cut flower production. Because the requirements of the ranunculus asiaticus breeding on the growth environment and the cultivation level are high, the difficulty of both seeding and seedling raising and the bulbous germination of the ranunculus asiaticus is high, the method depends on more experience, the production steps are complicated, the cost is high, and the planting technology lacks a set of standardized production rules. The ranunculus asiaticus can be frozen at the temperature of below-5 ℃, so that the ranunculus asiaticus cannot live through winter in open field in northern regions, although the ranunculus asiaticus can live through winter in open field in southern regions, the temperature and humidity are difficult to control, and the ranunculus asiaticus is not suitable for large-scale breeding, and the ranunculus asiaticus needs to be grown at low temperature, so that the seedling difficulty and the production cost are increased, and the popularization and the application of the ranunculus asiaticus are limited.

CN1613298A discloses a tissue culture and rapid propagation method of ranunculus asiaticus, which comprises the steps of seed ball pregermination, explant sterilization, adventitious bud induction culture, adventitious bud subculture, rooting culture, transitional transplantation and the like, and the steps are performed on corresponding culture media until rooted seedlings grow, and then the seedlings are directly transplanted. The method solves the key technology of establishing a ranunculus asiaticus sterile system, and achieves the aims of high seed-feeding efficiency, high propagation speed and stable production technology by comprehensively adjusting hormone, nutrition and culture environment, thereby realizing the large-scale production of excellent ranunculus asiaticus varieties. The propagation method has high cost, easy hybridization and unstable quality, is difficult to meet the development requirements of the standardized ranunculus asiaticus and large-scale fields, and seriously restricts the popularization and application areas of the ranunculus asiaticus.

CN104620816A discloses a cultivation method of ranunculus asiaticus nonwoven cloth bag seedlings, which comprises the following steps: 1) Sowing seeds: 2) When the seedlings grow to 3-4 true leaves and the height of the seedlings is 5-7cm, dividing the seedlings into water-soluble non-woven fabric pockets adapted to the seedlings, and fixedly planting the non-woven fabric pockets in a nursery: 3) And (3) lifting non-woven bag seedlings 45 days after seedling separation, planting according to the plant-row spacing of 20-30cm multiplied by 20-30cm, spraying B9 with the concentration of 3000mg/kg on leaf surfaces when the seedlings are 10-15cm high in the middle growth period, and using the seedlings once after one month interval. The method has the advantages of easy seedling lifting operation, difficult top scattering, simple stacking and suitability for long-distance transportation and bumping: easy to plant, easy and simple to handle: the non-woven fabrics are directly decomposed, and no garbage is generated: the seedlings do not need to be revived after construction, the fast landscaping effect is good, and the plants can be transplanted with flowers and can be landscaping immediately. The seed propagation is only suitable for small-scale propagation and is not suitable for large-scale breeding due to the low seed germination rate (generally only 20-40%), high cost and long propagation period.

CN107624602A provides a stem inserting and tightly planting method of Ranunculus asiaticus, which comprises the steps of building a greenhouse, making a plurality of seedling pools in the greenhouse at intervals of ridges, and flattening the surface: selecting current-year and strongly-grown twigs in a dormant period of ranunculus asiaticus, selecting strong parts after cutting, cutting the twigs into cutting correction strips, sterilizing the cut twigs by using a potassium permanganate solution, soaking the cut twigs by using a peptide pyrimidine nucleoside antibiotic aqueous solution, taking out the cut twigs, airing, partially soaking the cut twigs into a compound nutrient solution, standing and taking out, cutting into a seedling pool, watering the seedling pool after the cutting is finished, and sealing a greenhouse: and (5) cultivating. The method has the advantages of easy cuttage, high cuttage survival rate, no root damage during seedling lifting, and high transplanting survival rate. But has the defects that mature ranunculus asiaticus branches are needed for cuttage, the transportation cost is increased, and the like, and the large-scale planting is difficult.

In addition, the existing arched shed for flower seedling culture is single in form and mostly made of moso bamboo chips, and when the arched shed frame is installed and used, the moso bamboo chips are only inserted into the ground, so that the stability is not good enough, and the plants are easy to topple; the existing small arched shed has poor heat preservation and moisture preservation effects inside the arched shed, so that a good growth environment is not convenient to be provided for plants planted inside the arched shed; because the central part of the moso bamboo chip is fragile after being bent, the moso bamboo chip is easy to break, and the installation and the use are influenced.

Therefore, a simple and effective breeding technique is urgently needed. The method is selected to grow seedlings in the north and plant in the south, so that the ranunculus asiaticus can be widely applied to garden greening, open flower beds and flower environment arrangement.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a large-scale standardized breeding method of ranunculus asiaticus in Huanghuai ocean current region, which comprises the steps of selecting a planting field, preparing soil, making furrows, applying fertilizer, sowing and growing seedlings at proper time, building a small arched shed, managing seedbed, managing water and fertilizer, preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests, managing flowering phase, managing after flowers and the like, so that large-scale standardized breeding of ranunculus asiaticus in Huanghuai ocean current region is realized, high-quality ranunculus asiaticus seeds are sown, the small arched shed is built for preserving heat and moisture, safe overwintering of ranunculus asiaticus is ensured, meanwhile, water, fertilizer and plant diseases and insect pests are reasonably controlled, large-scale large-area breeding of ranunculus asiaticus can be realized, landscape requirements are met while new species breeding is realized, and popularization, application and industrialization of ranunculus asiaticus are facilitated.

One of the purposes of the invention is to solve the difficulty of large-scale planting of the ranunculus asiaticus, replace a greenhouse with a small-sized special arched shed, break through the technical barrier that the ranunculus asiaticus can only be cultivated in a small-sized greenhouse or a pot culture mode, and form the standard of industrialized production and planting;

the second purpose of the invention is to develop a field standardized breeding method of ranunculus asiaticus in Huang-Huai-Hai river basin, accurately control factors such as time, temperature and water in the planting process, overcome the problem of difficult seedling raising of ranunculus asiaticus caused by too low temperature in winter cold areas such as northern China and the like, form a standardized flow in the breeding and breeding process, and be simple and easy to learn and beneficial to popularization and application.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

the field standardized breeding method of the ranunculus asiaticus in the Huang-Huai-Hai watershed comprises the following steps:

(1) Selecting a planting land: the pH value of the soil is 7.0 to 8.0, the soil is neutral or slightly alkaline, the terrain is flat, the water pouring condition is available, the drainage is good, the soil is exposed to the sun in the open air, sufficient base fertilizer is applied, and the soil is ploughed;

(2) Land preparation and bed making: the width of the ridge surface is 1.2m, the height and width of each ridge stem are 10cm, the ridge is compacted, the interval between two ridges is 0.8m, the length can be determined according to the actual situation and is about 30m, and the ridge is watered thoroughly for standby application;

(3) Pre-preparation of seeding: removing impurities from garden soil or sandy loam, sieving, and mixing the materials according to the weight ratio of soil: mixing Ranunculus asiaticus seeds = 3;

(4) Sowing: sowing in 8-10 months, specifically, the sowing time of the ranunculus asiaticus is determined according to the requirements of the application of the flower seedlings, the sowing time in the Shandong area is preferably from the middle ten days of 9 months to the middle ten days of 10 months, no more than No. 10 month 31 at the latest, and the ranunculus asiaticus cannot germinate at the temperature higher than 20 ℃ or lower than 5 ℃; the early sowing of the weeds is more; late sowing, wherein the vegetative growth amount is insufficient before overwintering, the flowering in next spring is small, and the germination is influenced if the sowing is too late, so that the sowing is carried out when the temperature is lower than 25 ℃, the ranunculus asiaticus seeds mixed with the soil in the step (3) are uniformly sown on a seedbed on the surface of a furrow after clear water does not exist in the furrow, and the upper layer is covered with 0.2 to 0.3cm thick sieved garden soil or sandy loam and scraped; finally, in order to prevent and control underground pests such as mole cricket, grub, wireworms and the like, 100mL of 50 percent phoxim emulsifiable solution is diluted by adding 2 to 3kg of water, 50kg of wheat bran is evenly mixed, and the mixture is scattered around the ridge surface after being evenly stirred;

(5) Building a small arched shed: the small arched shed comprises an arched shed frame, connecting blocks are fixedly connected to two ends of the bottom end of the arched shed frame, a stabilizing mechanism is arranged at the bottom end of each connecting block and comprises a fixing rod, the fixing rods are fixedly connected to the bottom ends of the connecting blocks, sliding grooves are formed in two sides of the inner bottom of each fixing rod, connecting rods are slidably connected to the inner portions of the sliding grooves, mounting blocks are fixedly connected to the bottom ends of the connecting rods, second inserting rods are uniformly and fixedly connected to the bottom ends of the mounting blocks, first inserting rods are fixedly connected to the bottom ends of the fixing rods, the fixing rods can be removed in the middle and upper ten days in 3 months according to requirements, and the small arched shed can be used for building an arched shed with the height of 0.6 m.

(6) Seedbed management: the time of emergence of ranunculus asiaticus is about 2 weeks to about 3 weeks. Paying attention to observing the temperature and humidity change in the arched shed, ventilating and adjusting the temperature according to the temperature change condition in the next spring, thinning and weeding in time, and preventing the occurrence of weed damage;

(7) And (3) water and fertilizer management: removing the arched shed in the middle ten days of 3 months in the next year, watering and topdressing;

(8) And (3) pest control: according to the disease condition, the bactericide and the insecticide are used for controlling the diseases and pests for 3 to 4 times in the whole breeding period, and biological control can also be adopted;

(9) And (3) flowering management: in the initial stage of budding, the budding is removed, and simultaneously, weeds and blossomed flowers in the field are removed;

(10) And (3) post-anthesis management: stopping watering the ranunculus asiaticus when the overground part of the ranunculus asiaticus begins to wither and yellow, beating off the flower heads after the petals wither, keeping underground bulb roots, and entering the resting stage.

Preferably, (1), the soil is selected from loam or sandy loam;

preferably, in the step (1), the base fertilizer is applied at a speed of 2000-3000 kg/666.7m ² Decomposed organic fertilizer or cake fertilizer or 30-80kg/666.7m ² Refined organic fertilizer and 25 to 30kg/666.7m ² Ternary compound fertilizer of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium;

if no organic fertilizer is applied, 40kg/666.7m is additionally applied ² Potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer;

the fertilization mode adopts broadcast application and one-time fertilization.

Preferably, in the step (2), the ridge length is controlled to be 30m +/-2 m, and the water is poured until the water is filled in the whole ridge without flowing out;

preferably, the sowing time in the Shandong province is 8 to 10 late ten days of the month, the optimal sowing time is 9 to 10 middle ten days of the month, and the sowing of the flower seedlings in the flower seedling transplanting pot is finished before 9 months of the end before the year.

Preferably, (5) in the arch shed frame, a plastic film is sleeved on the outer side of the arch shed frame, wood wedges are uniformly arranged on two sides of the plastic film, and connecting ropes are arranged on the outer side of the plastic film at equal intervals; the inner side wall of the arched shed frame is fixedly connected with a transverse rope, and a reinforcing mechanism is arranged in the middle of the top end of the arched shed frame; the second inserting rods are provided with three groups, and the distances among the three groups of second inserting rods are equal; the inner side of the plastic film is provided with a heat insulation layer, the outer side of the heat insulation layer is provided with a moisture preservation layer, the outer side of the moisture preservation layer is provided with a waterproof layer, and the outer side of the waterproof layer is provided with a reinforcing layer; the reinforcing mechanism comprises reinforcing rods, mounting grooves are formed in the top ends of the interiors of the multiple groups of arched shed frames, the reinforcing rods penetrate through the interiors of the mounting grooves, and through grooves are formed in the two ends of the top end and the two ends of the bottom end of the inner side wall of each mounting groove; locking grooves are formed in the two ends of the top end and the two ends of the bottom end of the inner portion of the reinforcing rod, and locking blocks penetrating through the inner portions of the through grooves are connected to the inner portions of the locking grooves in an inserting mode.

Preferably, in the step (5), the small shed is removed after covering the crop for 130 to 150 days according to the ranunculus asiaticus.

Preferably, in the step (6), the germination temperature is controlled to be about 20 ℃, the humidity is 70-80%, the time for the Ranunculus asiaticus seeds to germinate is long, 15-21 days are needed, and in the next spring, when the temperature in the arch shed is higher than 20 ℃, the thin films at two ends of the arch shed are opened for ventilation from 10 am to 3 pm; when the temperature in the shed exceeds 30 ℃, air ports are opened at two sides of the arched shed, so that the seedling burning phenomenon is avoided; if unhealthy flower seedlings such as diseased seedlings, weak seedlings and the like are found in the growth period of the ranunculus asiaticus seedlings, the flower seedlings are pulled out in time, and the seedlings are thinned and weeded in time to prevent the occurrence of weed damage.

Preferably, (7), after the arched shed is removed (usually about 3 months and 10 days), watering once a week from the vigorous growth period in spring to the initial stage of stem emergence, and combining topdressing; when the height of the ranunculus asiaticus plant is 7-10 cm, 0.5% -1% urea is sprayed on the leaf surface once to promote the vegetative growth of the plant; applying 0.3-0.5% water soluble compound fertilizer 1 time after 10 days; spraying 0.2-0.3 mass percent potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution to the leaves for 1 time before budding, and spraying again after budding, which is favorable for improving the quality of flowers; in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer, nitrogen: phosphorus: the potassium content is 10:20:20, more preferably a potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer.

Preferably, in the step (8), the bactericide is at least one of metalaxyl, chlorothalonil, carbendazim or thiophanate methyl; the pesticide is at least one of cyromazine, abamectin and imidacloprid.

Preferably, (9) timely thinning buds in the early budding stage, keeping 3-5 robust buds per plant, simultaneously removing weeds and blossomed flowers in the field, and spraying 0.2 mass percent potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution in the flowering period to promote flowering and prolong the flowering period.

Preferably, in the step (10), after the petals wither, all flower heads are beaten by a grass mower, so that nutrients are fully supplied for the growth of the ball roots.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) The small arched shed can be used for replacing a greenhouse, the technical barrier that the ranunculus asiaticus can only be cultivated in a small greenhouse or a pot culture mode is broken, and the standard of industrial production and planting is formed; the arch shed is provided with the heat preservation layer, the moisture preservation layer, the waterproof layer and the reinforcing layer, so that the heat preservation performance of the arch shed can be improved by adopting an aluminosilicate heat preservation material for the heat preservation layer in the using process of the arch shed, the moisture preservation performance of the arch shed can be improved by adopting a wet film material for the moisture preservation layer, the manner of the arch shed can be improved by adopting a high-elasticity waterproof film material for the waterproof layer, and the strong hardness of the arch shed can be improved by adopting a reinforcing fiber material for the reinforcing layer; by arranging the mounting grooves, the locking blocks, the reinforcing rods, the locking grooves and the through grooves, the reinforcing rods transversely penetrate through the mounting grooves formed in the middle positions of the tops of a plurality of groups of arch shed frames in the using process of the arch shed, the locking blocks at the upper end and the lower end penetrate through the through grooves and are in locking connection with the locking grooves, the reinforcing rods are conveniently fastened and mounted, the arch shed frames are convenient to dismount, the arch shed frames can be reused, and the using rate of the arch shed frames is improved;

(2) In the planting process, factors such as time, temperature, water and the like are accurately controlled, the problem of difficult ranunculus asiaticus seedling raising caused by too low temperature in winter cold regions such as northern China and the like is solved, a standard flow is formed in the breeding and cultivating process, and the method is simple and easy to learn and is favorable for popularization and application;

(3) The planting technology provided by the invention has high emergence rate and high propagation multiple, can be used for culturing flowering balls at one time, and simultaneously, a plurality of new varieties are cultured, and the flower color and the flower type are more colorful. The direct soil sowing reduces the production cost to the maximum extent, does not need low-temperature germination acceleration, shading, heating, light supplement and secondary transplanting and field planting, and meanwhile, the production material provided by the invention has the advantages of low cost, easiness in obtaining, simplicity in operation, capability of meeting the production requirements of uniform and strong seedlings, simplification of the seedling culture process, easiness in operation in aspects of water and fertilizer management, pest control and the like, and convenience in management.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an overall front structure of a small arched shed;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the small shed at A in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the reinforcing mechanism of the small arched shed;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a plastic film material of the small shed;

fig. 5 is a schematic top view of the plastic film of the small shed.

In the figure: 1. an arched shed frame; 2. connecting blocks; 3. a stabilizing mechanism; 301. fixing the rod; 302. a chute; 303. mounting a block; 304. a first plunger; 305. a second plunger; 306. a connecting rod; 4. a plastic film; 5. a transverse rope; 6. a reinforcing mechanism; 601. mounting grooves; 602. a locking block; 603. a reinforcing bar; 604. a locking groove; 605. a through groove; 7. a heat-insulating layer; 8. a moisture retention layer; 9. a waterproof layer; 10. a reinforcing layer; 11. connecting ropes; 12. and (7) wood wedges.

Detailed Description

In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the present invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments, and modifications or substitutions of the methods, procedures, and conditions of the present invention may be made without departing from the spirit and substance of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the experimental procedures used in the examples are all conventional procedures and techniques well known to those skilled in the art, and the materials used are commercially available.

Example 1

Standardized breeding of ranunculus asiaticus in Jining area includes the following steps:

sowing and raising seedlings in 15 days after 1.10 months, removing impurities from fertile garden soil or sandy loam, and sieving for later use. And (3) uniformly stirring the sieved fine soil and the ranunculus asiaticus seeds according to the proportion of 3. Land preparation and fertilization are carried out before sowing: the sand or slightly sticky soil which is exposed to the sun, loose and fertile in the open air and has good drainage is selected as a planting field, and the pH value is 7.5-8.0. 30kg of refined organic fertilizer and 30kg/666.7m of ternary compound fertilizer are applied in a broadcasting way ² After 20cm of deep ploughing, preparing soil and making furrows, wherein the width of the surface of each furrow is 1.2m, the height and width of each ridge of the furrow are 10cm, the length of each furrow is 30m, the interval between the two furrows is 0.8m, and thoroughly watering for later use;

2. after the open water on the ridge surface seeps, uniformly scattering goldenseal seeds mixed with the soil on a seedbed, covering a layer of sieving fine soil with the thickness of 0.2-0.3 cm on the seed bed, and scraping;

3. immediately building a small arch shed;

4. seedbed management: observing the temperature and humidity change in the arch shed, the germination time of the ranunculus asiaticus is long, the germination proper temperature is 10-15 ℃, and the temperature is about 20 days for germination. In spring of the next year, when the internal temperature of the arched shed is higher than 20 ℃, films at two ends of the arched shed are opened for ventilation from 10 am to 3 pm, and when the internal temperature of the arched shed exceeds 35 ℃, air ports are opened at two sides of the arched shed, so that the phenomenon of seedling burning is avoided; if unhealthy flower seedlings such as diseased seedlings, weak seedlings and the like are found in the growth period of the ranunculus asiaticus seedlings, the flower seedlings are removed in time, and the seedlings are thinned and weeded in time to prevent the occurrence of weed damage;

removing the arched shed after 12 days in 5.3 months, watering and topdressing, wherein the Ranunculus sieboldii is fond of dampness and waterlogging, and watering once per week and topdressing are combined from the vigorous growth period in spring to the initial period of flowering stalk extraction;

when the height of the ranunculus asiaticus plant is 7-10 cm, 0.5% -1% urea is sprayed on the leaf surface once to promote the vegetative growth of the plant; after 10 days, 0.3 to 0.5 percent of water-soluble compound fertilizer is applied for 1 time; 0.2 to 0.3 percent of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution is sprayed on leaves for 1 time before budding, and the solution is sprayed once after budding, which is beneficial to improving the quality of flowers. In the potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer, the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 10:20:20;

6. the ranunculus asiaticus diseases mainly comprise sclerotinia, gray mold, virus diseases and the like, 800 times of carbendazim solution is sprayed once in the seedling stage, pests which harm the ranunculus asiaticus in the Jining area mainly comprise liriomyza, aphids and the like, the 1.8 percent avermectin missible oil 1000 times of solution is used for preventing and treating in the initial generation stage, and the combined bactericide can be sprayed for 3 times. The bactericide is metalaxyl, chlorothalonil, carbendazim and thiophanate methyl, and the insecticide is cyromazine, abamectin, imidacloprid and the like which are alternately used;

7. in order to ensure the flowering quality and improve the ornamental effect, the bud thinning is carried out at the bud emergence initial stage, and 4 robust buds are reserved for each plant. Meanwhile, weeds and bloomed flowers in the field are removed. Spraying 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2 times in flowering period, 1 time per week, promoting flowering, and prolonging flowering period;

after the petals wither in 10 days after 8.5 months, the flower heads are beaten off by a grass mower, so that the nutrients are fully supplied for the growth of the bulbous bodies.

Example 2

In order to explore the influence of the sowing time on the germination rate and the seedling condition, based on the steps of the embodiment 1, a single-factor test is carried out, different sowing times are changed, namely, 26 days in 8 months to 11 days in 11 months, and the temperature is higher in 8 and 9 months, so that a straw felt is additionally covered for cooling; the germination and growth of the seedlings were observed, and the results are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1 sprouting and seedling status of Ranunculus asiaticus at different sowing times

The data show that in Huang-Huai Hai region, the optimal sowing time is from the middle ten days of September to the middle ten days of October, the germination rate is more than 85% on average, the germination speed is fastest in the middle ten days of October, the growth vigor is good, the air temperature is proper in the middle ten days of October, and the temperature is not required to be reduced by additionally covering with a straw mat.

Example 3

The small arched shed used by the invention is specially made, replaces the traditional greenhouse and specifically comprises the following components:

embodiment 1's little arched shed, including arched shed frame 1, the equal fixedly connected with connecting block 2 in both ends of arched shed frame 1 bottom, the bottom of connecting block 2 is provided with stabilizing mean 3, stabilizing mean 3 includes dead lever 301, dead lever 301 fixed connection is in the bottom of connecting block 2, spout 302 has all been seted up to the both sides of the inside bottom of dead lever 301, the inside sliding connection of spout 302 has connecting rod 306, the bottom fixedly connected with installation piece 303 of connecting rod 306, the even fixedly connected with second inserted bar 305 in bottom of installation piece 303, second inserted bar 305 is provided with three groups, and the interval between the second inserted bar 305 of three groups equals, the first inserted bar 304 of bottom fixedly connected with of dead lever 301, can add the plug-in connection between deep arched shed frame 1 and the ground, thereby firm realization arched shed frame 1's installation, make its stability better when using in the later stage.

Arch rack 1's outside cover is equipped with plastic film 4, plastic film 4's inboard is provided with heat preservation 7, can promote the heat insulating ability of arched shed, and the outside of heat preservation 7 is provided with moisturizing layer 8, promote the moisturizing nature of arched shed, moisturizing layer 8's the outside is provided with waterproof layer 9, promote the waterproof nature of arched shed, and waterproof layer 9's the outside is provided with enhancement layer 10, promote the intensity of arched shed, and plastic film 4's both sides evenly are provided with wooden wedge 12, and plastic film 4's the equidistant connection rope 11 that is provided with in the outside, can consolidate plastic film 4, arch rack 1's inside wall fixedly connected with horizontal rope 5, can stabilize between the arch bar.

And the intermediate position on 1 top of hunch canopy frame is provided with stiffening mechanism 6, stiffening mechanism 6 includes stiffener 603, mounting groove 601 has all been seted up on the top of a plurality of groups hunch canopy frame 1 inside, stiffener 603 runs through in the inside of mounting groove 601, and logical groove 605 has all been seted up at the both ends on mounting groove 601 inside wall top and the both ends of bottom, locking groove 604 has all been seted up at the both ends on the inside top of stiffener 603 and the both ends of bottom, the inside grafting of locking groove 604 is connected with and runs through in the inside latch segment 602 that leads to groove 605, can realize encircleing canopy frame 1's stability, consolidate it and give stronger stability to the top after buckling.

The working principle is as follows: when the arched shed frame is used, firstly, the arched shed frame 1 with the length of two meters is selected, the arched shed frame 1 is bent to form an arched shed frame with the height of about 0.6 meter, the distance between arch bars is about 60 centimeters, all the arch bars and the ground are inserted, the first inserting bar 304 is firmly inserted into the ground, meanwhile, the connecting bar 306 slides downwards in the sliding groove 302, the connecting bar 306 and the second inserting bar 305 can be driven to move downwards, the second inserting bar 305 is also inserted into the ground, the arched shed frame 1 is stabilized, a transverse rope 5 is pulled between the moso bamboo sheets, and the arched shed frame can be fixed;

secondly, covering a white plastic film 4 on the shed frame, tightly sealing and compacting two sides of the plastic film 4 by soil, smashing wood wedges 12 on the plastic film 4, pulling a connecting rope 11 on the plastic film 4 for fixing to prevent the plastic film from being blown open by strong wind, wherein the plastic film 4 consists of four materials, namely a heat insulation layer 7, a moisture preservation layer 8, a waterproof layer 9 and a reinforcing layer 10, the heat insulation performance of the plastic film 4 can be improved by aluminosilicic acid adopted by the heat insulation layer 7, the moisture preservation performance of the plastic film 4 can be improved by the moisture preservation film adopted by the moisture preservation layer 8, the waterproof performance of the plastic film 4 can be improved by the high-elasticity waterproof film adopted by the waterproof layer 9, the strength of the plastic film 4 can be improved by the reinforcing fiber adopted by the reinforcing layer 10, and therefore, the shed has greatly better effects of heat preservation and moisture preservation;

finally, transversely run through the inside of mounting groove 601 with stiffener 603 to through the inside latch segment 602 that logical groove 605 was run through to the corresponding mounting groove 601 position of canopy frame 1 from top to bottom insert to the inside of locking groove 604, realize spacing to stiffener 603, can consolidate the holistic fastness of canopy frame 1 through the installation of stiffener 603.

Claims (5)

1. The field standardized breeding method of buttercup in Huang-Huai-Hai watershed is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, selecting a planting land: the pH value of the soil is 7.0 to 8.0, the terrain is flat, the soil is exposed to the sun in the open air, and sufficient base fertilizer is applied and ploughed;

s2, land preparation and bed making: the width of the ridge surface is 1.2m, the height and width of ridge of the ridge are respectively 10cm, the ridge is compacted, the interval between the two ridges is 0.8m, and water is thoroughly poured for standby;

s3, seeding preparation: removing impurities from garden soil or sandy loam, sieving, and mixing according to the weight percentage of soil: mixing Ranunculus asiaticus seeds = 3;

s4, sowing: in 10-month middle ten days, sowing at the temperature of lower than 25 ℃, uniformly sowing goldenseal seeds mixed with soil in the S3 on a seedbed on the ridge surface after no clear water exists in the ridge, covering 0.2-0.3 cm thick sieved garden soil or sandy loam on the upper layer, and scraping; diluting with 100mL of 50% phoxim missible oil and 2-3 kg of water, uniformly mixing with 50kg of wheat bran, uniformly stirring, and spreading around the ridge surface;

s5, building a small arch shed: selecting 2m long moso bamboo chips to build an arched shed frame with a height of 0.6m, wherein the distance between arch rods is 60cm,

the specific structure of the small arched shed is as follows:

the arched shed frame comprises an arched shed frame (1), connecting blocks (2) are fixedly connected to two ends of the bottom end of the arched shed frame (1), a stabilizing mechanism (3) is arranged at the bottom end of each connecting block (2), each stabilizing mechanism (3) comprises a fixing rod (301), each fixing rod (301) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of each connecting block (2), sliding grooves (302) are formed in two sides of the inner bottom of each fixing rod (301), connecting rods (306) are slidably connected to the inner portions of the sliding grooves (302), mounting blocks (303) are fixedly connected to the bottom ends of the connecting rods (306), second inserting rods (305) are uniformly and fixedly connected to the bottom ends of the mounting blocks (303), three groups of second inserting rods (305) are arranged, the distances among the three groups of second inserting rods (305) are equal, first inserting rods (304) are fixedly connected to the bottom ends of the fixing rods (301), and the inserting connection between the arched shed frame (1) and the ground can be deepened;

the outer side of the arched shed frame (1) is sleeved with a plastic film (4), the inner side of the plastic film (4) is provided with a heat preservation layer (7), the heat preservation performance of the arched shed can be improved, the outer side of the heat preservation layer (7) is provided with a moisture preservation layer (8), the moisture preservation performance of the arched shed is improved, the outer side of the moisture preservation layer (8) is provided with a waterproof layer (9), the waterproof performance of the arched shed is improved, the outer side of the waterproof layer (9) is provided with a reinforcing layer (10), the strength of the arched shed is improved, wood wedges (12) are uniformly arranged on two sides of the plastic film (4), connecting ropes (11) are arranged on the outer side of the plastic film (4) at equal intervals, the plastic film (4) can be reinforced, and the inner side wall of the arched shed frame (1) is fixedly connected with a transverse rope (5);

a reinforcing mechanism (6) is arranged in the middle of the top end of each arched shed frame (1), each reinforcing mechanism (6) comprises a reinforcing rod (603), mounting grooves (601) are formed in the top ends of the insides of the groups of arched shed frames (1), the reinforcing rods (603) penetrate through the insides of the mounting grooves (601), through grooves (605) are formed in both ends of the top end and both ends of the bottom end of the inner side wall of each mounting groove (601), locking grooves (604) are formed in both ends of the top end and both ends of the bottom end of the insides of the reinforcing rods (603), and locking blocks (602) penetrating through the inside of the through grooves (605) are connected in an inserting mode inside the locking grooves (604);

s6, seedbed management: controlling the temperature and humidity change in the arched shed to ensure that the ranunculus asiaticus sprouts in 14 to 21 days, ventilating and adjusting the temperature according to the temperature change condition in the next spring, and thinning and weeding in time to prevent the occurrence of weed damage;

s7, water and fertilizer management: removing the small arched shed in the middle ten days of 3 months in the next year, watering and topdressing;

s8, pest control: according to the disease condition, the bactericide and the insecticide are used for controlling the diseases and insect pests for 3 to 4 times in the whole breeding period;

s9, flowering phase management: watering thoroughly every 15 days, and irrigating once with water and fertilizer, removing diseased seedlings and weak seedlings, and thinning, thinning buds and weeding;

s10, managing after flowers: in the middle of 5 months, when the overground part of the ranunculus asiaticus begins to wither and yellow, the watering of the ranunculus asiaticus is stopped, the flower heads are knocked off after the petals wither, the underground bulb is reserved, and the ranunculus asiaticus enters the dormancy stage.

2. The method for standardized breeding of Ranunculus asiaticus in Huang-Huai-Hai river basin as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S1, the soil is selected from loam or sandy loam, and the base fertilizer is applied at a rate of 2000-3000 kg/666.7m ² Decomposed organic fertilizer and 25 to 30kg/666.7m ² Ternary nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer; or applying base fertilizer at 30-80kg/666.7m ² Refined organic fertilizer and 25 to 30kg/666.7m ² Ternary nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer; if no organic fertilizer is applied, 40kg/666.7m is additionally applied ² Potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer;

the fertilization mode adopts broadcast fertilization and one-time fertilization.

3. The method for standardized breeding of Ranunculus asiaticus in Huang-Huai-Hai-Ye river region according to claim 1, wherein in S2, the length of the ridge is controlled to be 30m + -2 m, and the water is poured through the ridge until the water fills the entire ridge without flowing out.

4. The method for standardized field breeding of ranunculus asiaticus in Huang-Huai-Hai-Ye river basin as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S7, the arch is removed, watering is carried out, water is poured once a week from the spring vigorous growth period to the initial stage of stem extraction, and additional fertilizer is combined; when the height of the ranunculus asiaticus plant is 7-10 cm, 0.5% -1% urea is sprayed on the leaf surface once to promote the vegetative growth of the plant; after 10 days, 0.3 to 0.5 percent of water-soluble compound fertilizer is applied for 1 time; spraying 0.2-0.3 percent by mass of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution to the leaves for 1 time before budding, and spraying again after budding, which is favorable for improving the quality of flowers; wherein in the water-soluble compound fertilizer, the nitrogen: phosphorus: the mass ratio of potassium is 10:20:20.

5. the method for standardized breeding of Ranunculus asiaticus in Huang-Huai-Hai-Ye river basin according to claim 1, wherein in S8, the bactericide is at least one of metalaxyl, chlorothalonil, carbendazim or thiophanate methyl; the pesticide is at least one of cyromazine, abamectin and imidacloprid.

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