CN114457295B - Preparation method of high-strength high-conductivity long carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite - Google Patents
Preparation method of high-strength high-conductivity long carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of a long carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite material with high strength and high conductivity, which comprises the following steps: providing long carbon fibers, and carrying out degumming pretreatment on the long carbon fibers; providing 2024 aluminum alloy powder, mixing the long carbon fiber and the 2024 aluminum alloy powder in a roller low-speed mixing mode to enable the surface of the long carbon fiber to adsorb the 2024 aluminum alloy powder, and preparing a prefabricated body in a flat laying and stacking mode; carrying out vacuum hot-pressing treatment on the prefabricated body to obtain a composite material sample; and carrying out heat treatment on the composite material sample to obtain the high-strength high-conductivity long carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite material. The long carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite prepared by the method has the advantages of uniform distribution of the long carbon fibers, obviously improved tensile strength and thermal conductivity, simple process, low requirements on equipment and operation environment, energy consumption and cost saving, strong feasibility and contribution to industrialization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum matrix composite materials, in particular to a preparation method of a high-strength and high-conductivity long carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite material.
Background
Aluminum is a common metal in daily life and is a silvery white light metal. The aluminum alloy has the characteristics of good ductility and formability, capability of being subjected to various machining processes, light weight, good electric and heat conduction, corrosion resistance and the like, can be made into various sectional materials such as wires, plates and the like, and is widely applied to the industrial fields such as aviation, aerospace, automobiles, mechanical electronics and the like. However, the moderate strength and high thermal expansion coefficient of aluminum and aluminum alloy seriously affect the application range. In order to improve the mechanical properties of aluminum and aluminum alloys and maintain good thermal conductivity, a composite reinforcement method is often adopted. For example, siC reinforced aluminum matrix is used, although tensile property is improved, the thermal conductivity of SiC has an upper limit, and further improvement of the thermal conductivity of the composite material is limited; the use of diamond to reinforce aluminum substrates, although the thermal conductivity is improved, the strength is not easily improved and the subsequent processing is difficult, and in addition, diamond is expensive and is not suitable for large-scale production.
The carbon fiber is prepared by using acrylic fiber, asphalt and viscose as raw materials and carrying out high-temperature oxidation carbonization treatment, and has a carbon content of over 90 percent and a molecular structure between diamond and graphite. The carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite material has the advantages of light weight, high tensile strength, high modulus, high temperature resistance, good electrical and thermal conductivity and low thermal expansion coefficient, and has high strength and high conductivity if the carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite material is used.
At present, the main methods for utilizing the carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite material mainly comprise liquid methods such as pressure infiltration, pressure casting and the like. However, the blank prepared by the liquid method needs secondary processing to obtain the composite material, and the liquid method has high preparation temperature, so that the carbon fiber is directly contacted with the aluminum and is easy to react to generate Al 4 C 3 Meanwhile, the structure of the carbon fiber is damaged, so that the tensile strength and the heat conductivity of the composite material are not improved. Although the surface modification treatment of the carbon fiber may be performed to hinder the interfacial reaction, the process steps become complicated and long periods result in an increase in production cost and a decrease in production efficiency. The temperature for preparing the carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite by the solid-state method is relatively low, the energy consumption is saved, the interface reaction can be controlled, a composite sample can be obtained without secondary processing, but carbon fiber bundles are not easy to be soaked and dispersed by a matrix.
Through search, the following results are found:
the Chinese patent with application publication number CN103397284A discloses a preparation method of a carbon fiber reinforced aluminum-based layered composite board, which is characterized in that aluminum powder and carbon fiber cloth are heated, melted and combined, vibrated and pressurized to prepare the aluminum-based layered composite board. Although no brittle compound was formed by the vacuum hot pressing method, the carbon fiber distribution showed a distinct layer distribution and the tensile strength was only 144 MPa.
The Chinese invention patent with application publication number CN108866457A discloses a preparation method of a continuous carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite, which adopts a method of adhering and solidifying aluminum powder on the surface of continuous carbon fibers through organic gel, and controls the content and the distance of carbon fibers in the composite after hot pressing and sintering by controlling the thickness of an adhered aluminum layer on the surface of the carbon fibers, so that the carbon fibers are distributed in parallel in an aluminum matrix, and the aluminum matrix composite with high carbon fiber content can be prepared. However, in the preparation process, copper plating treatment needs to be carried out on the surface of the carbon fiber, and then the carbon fiber is soaked in the organic adhesive to adsorb the aluminum powder, so that the process steps are complicated, and the efficiency is low. And the tensile strength of the composite material with the carbon fiber volume fraction of 30.1 percent prepared by the method is only 245.5 MPa.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a preparation method of a long carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite material with high strength and high conductivity.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
according to one aspect of the invention, a preparation method of a long carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite material with high strength and high conductivity is provided, which comprises the following steps:
providing long carbon fibers, and carrying out degumming pretreatment on the long carbon fibers;
providing 2024 aluminum alloy powder, mixing the long carbon fibers and the 2024 aluminum alloy powder in a roller low-speed mixing mode to enable the surfaces of the long carbon fibers to adsorb the 2024 aluminum alloy powder, and preparing a prefabricated body in a flat laying and stacking mode;
carrying out vacuum hot-pressing treatment on the prefabricated body to obtain a composite material sample;
and carrying out heat treatment on the composite material sample to obtain the long carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite with high strength and high conductivity.
Preferably, the long carbon fiber is subjected to degumming pretreatment, which comprises the following steps: dipping the long carbon fiber into acetone for removing glue by 12-24 zxft 3238, cleaning the removed long carbon fiber by deionized water, and then drying the long carbon fiber in vacuum at 80-100 ℃ for 6-10 zxft 3262.
Preferably, the long carbon fiber is mesophase pitch-based carbon fiber, the tensile strength of the long carbon fiber is higher than 2000 MPa, the elastic modulus is higher than 500 GPa, and the thermal conductivity is higher than 500 GPa
The coefficient of thermal expansion is lower than-0.5 ppm/K.
Preferably, mixing the long carbon fibers and the 2024 aluminum alloy powder by using a roller to mix at a low speed, making the surface of the long carbon fibers adsorb the 2024 aluminum alloy powder, and preparing a preform by using a flat-laying and stacking method, comprising:
determining the weight of the long carbon fiber and the 2024 aluminum alloy powder according to the volume of a composite material sample to be prepared and the volume fraction of the long carbon fiber, weighing the long carbon fiber and the 2024 aluminum alloy powder, dividing the long carbon fiber and the 2024 aluminum alloy powder into a plurality of equal parts, mixing the long carbon fiber and the 2024 aluminum alloy powder in a roller mixer at a low speed, wherein each part comprises the long carbon fiber with the 2024 aluminum alloy powder adsorbed on the surface and the residual non-adsorbed 2024 aluminum alloy powder after mixing; then, flatly paving the long carbon fiber with the surface adsorbed with the 2024 aluminum alloy powder in a graphite mould, then paving the residual non-adsorbed 2024 aluminum alloy powder on the long carbon fiber, and repeating the steps until the last part of the residual non-adsorbed 2024 aluminum alloy powder is paved on the long carbon fiber; obtaining a prefabricated body filled in the graphite mold.
Preferably, the diameter of the 2024 aluminum alloy powder is
。
Preferably, the number of equal parts is 10 to 30 parts.
Preferably, the mixing speed is 5 to 30 rmp, and the mixing time is 10 to 120 min.
Preferably, the volume fraction of the long carbon fibers is 10 to 40%.
Preferably, the preform is subjected to a vacuum hot pressing process comprising: placing the graphite mold with the prefabricated body in a hot-pressing furnace, opening a vacuum pump to evacuate the furnace chamber until the pressure in the furnace chamber is 2 x 10 -2 ～8×10 -2 Pa; heating the hot-pressing furnace to 510-630 ℃ at the speed of 5-20 ℃/min, and then applying the pressure of 15-55 MPa to the graphite mould filled with the prefabricated body and keeping the pressure for 20-180 min; and after the hot pressing is finished, cooling to room temperature, taking out the graphite mold from the hot pressing furnace, and then demolding to obtain a composite material sample, wherein the composite material sample is a sintered composite material.
Preferably, the heat treatment of the composite sample comprises: heating the composite material sample to 470-510 ℃ at a speed of 5-20 ℃/min in a tubular furnace filled with argon, preserving heat for 20-60 min, then putting the sample into cold water for quenching treatment, finally preserving heat for 2-10 h in a box furnace at a temperature of 160-210 ℃, and cooling along with the furnace to obtain the heat treatment state composite material, namely the high-strength high-conductivity long carbon fiber reinforced aluminum-based composite material.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The invention can avoid the agglomeration of the long carbon fiber by adsorbing 2024 aluminum alloy powder on the surface of the long carbon fiber and controlling the stacking times, and has simple process operation and low requirement on process equipment;
(2) The invention utilizes the vacuum hot pressing method to prepare the composite material, and regulates and controls the hot pressing process and the heat treatment process to finally obtain the uniformly dispersed long carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite material, thereby solving the problems of wettability of the long carbon fiber and the aluminum matrix and dispersion of the long carbon fiber in the aluminum matrix;
(3) The invention does not need to modify the surface of the long carbon fiber, and the temperature for preparing the composite material is relatively low, thereby saving energy consumption and production cost;
(4) Compared with the aluminum-based composite material in the prior art, the prepared high-strength high-conductivity long-carbon-fiber-reinforced aluminum-based composite material has the advantages that the tensile strength and the thermal conductivity of the material are remarkably improved;
(5) The preparation method of the long carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite material with high strength and high conductivity can prepare large-volume and large-block long carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite materials according to actual requirements, and has wide application prospects in living goods, aviation industry and manufacturing industry.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a method for preparing a long carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite with high strength and high conductivity according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron micrograph of long carbon fibers taken along both the axial and radial directions of the fibers according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a scanning electron micrograph of long carbon fibers and 2024 aluminum alloy powder after compounding in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a metallographic structure photograph of a long carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite material having a long carbon fiber volume fraction of 20% according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a metallographic structure photograph of a long carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite material having a volume fraction of long carbon fibers of 40% in an example of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an XRD spectrum of a long carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite in an example of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a scanning electron micrograph of a long carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite in an example of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of a long carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite material with high strength and high conductivity, as shown in fig. 1, the method comprises the following steps:
s1, providing long carbon fibers, and carrying out glue removal pretreatment on the long carbon fibers.
Specifically, the long carbon fiber is soaked in acetone for 12-24 h to remove the glue, the purpose of removing the glue is to improve the adsorption effect on one hand, on the other hand, the resin glue on the surface of the long carbon fiber is impurities to influence the composite effect, the removed long carbon fiber is cleaned by deionized water, and then the long carbon fiber is dried in vacuum at 80-100 ℃ for 6-10 h.
In order to improve the tensile strength and thermal conductivity of the composite material, in some preferred embodiments, the long carbon fibers are mesophase pitch-based carbon fibers, the long carbon fibers have a tensile strength higher than 2000 MPa, an elastic modulus higher than 500 GPa, and a thermal conductivity higher than 500 GPa
The coefficient of thermal expansion is lower than-0.5 ppm/K.
S2, providing 2024 aluminum alloy powder, wherein the 2024 aluminum alloy powder not only has high strength-to-weight ratio and good formability, but also has good thermal conductivity, age hardening property and other proper properties, mixing the long carbon fibers and the 2024 aluminum alloy powder by adopting a roller low-speed mixing mode to enable the surface of the long carbon fibers to adsorb the 2024 aluminum alloy powder, and preparing a prefabricated body by adopting a flat laying and stacking mode. It should be noted that, in other embodiments, other 2-series aluminum alloys can be used to achieve the same functions as those in the embodiments of the present invention.
Specifically, the weight of the long carbon fiber and the 2024 aluminum alloy powder is determined according to the volume of a composite material sample to be prepared and the volume fraction of the long carbon fiber, the long carbon fiber and the 2024 aluminum alloy powder are weighed and divided into a plurality of equal parts, each part of the long carbon fiber and the 2024 aluminum alloy powder are mixed in a roller mixer at a low speed, and each part of the mixture comprises the long carbon fiber with the 2024 aluminum alloy powder adsorbed on the surface and the residual non-adsorbed 2024 aluminum alloy powder; then laying the long carbon fiber with 2024 aluminum alloy powder adsorbed on the surface in a graphite mould, wherein the size of the graphite mould is
Of course, in other embodiments, the graphite mold may have other dimensions; then laying the residual non-adsorbed 2024 aluminum alloy powder on the long carbon fiber, repeating the steps until the last part of the residual non-adsorbed 2024 aluminum alloy powder is laid on the long carbon fiber; obtaining a prefabricated body filled in the graphite mold.
To increase the tensile strength and thermal conductivity of the composite, in some preferred implementations, the 2024 aluminum alloy powder has a diameter of
。
In order to avoid agglomeration of the long carbon fibers, in some preferred implementations, the number of equal parts is 10 to 30 parts.
In order to improve the adsorption effect of the 2024 aluminum alloy powder on the long carbon fibers, in some preferred implementations, the mixing speed is 5 to 30 rmp, and the mixing time is 10 to 120 min.
In order to increase the tensile strength and thermal conductivity of the composite material, in some preferred implementations, the volume fraction of the long carbon fibers is 10-40%, and the volume fraction of the long carbon fibers in the composite material can be adjusted by the weight of each part of the long carbon fibers and 2024 aluminum alloy powder. Within the volume fraction range of 10-40%, the long carbon fibers are uniformly dispersed, and the agglomeration phenomenon cannot occur.
And S3, carrying out vacuum hot-pressing treatment on the prefabricated body to obtain the composite material sample.
Specifically, the graphite mold with the prefabricated body is placed in a hot-pressing furnace, a vacuum pump is turned on to evacuate the furnace cavity until the pressure in the furnace cavity is 2 x 10 -2 ～8×10 -2 Pa; heating a hot-pressing furnace to 510-630 ℃ at a speed of 5-20 ℃/min, and then applying a pressure of 15-55 MPa to the graphite mould filled with the prefabricated body and keeping the pressure for 20-180 min; and after the hot pressing is finished, cooling to room temperature, taking out the graphite mold from the hot pressing furnace, demolding to obtain a composite material sample, and performing sintering heat treatment to obtain the composite material sample which is a sintered composite material. The shape of the composite material sample is the same as that of the graphite mold, and the composite material sample is rectangular and rectangularThe dimensions of the material sample are determined according to the dimensions of the graphite mold.
And S4, carrying out heat treatment on the composite material sample to obtain the long carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite material with high strength and high conductivity.
Specifically, heating a composite material sample in a tubular furnace filled with argon at the temperature of between 470 and 510 ℃ at the speed of between 5 and 20 ℃/min, preserving heat for 20 to 60 minutes, then putting the composite material sample into cold water for quenching treatment, finally preserving heat for 2 to 10 h in a box furnace with the temperature of between 160 and 210 ℃ such as a muffle furnace, cooling along with the furnace, and carrying out solution and aging heat treatment to obtain a heat treatment state composite material, namely the high-strength and high-conductivity long carbon fiber reinforced aluminum-based composite material.
According to the invention, the long carbon fiber and the 2024 aluminum alloy powder are mixed at a low speed and are tiled and stacked, and under the conditions of vacuum hot pressing and subsequent heat treatment, the long carbon fiber and the 2024 aluminum alloy powder are tightly combined to prepare the long carbon fiber reinforced aluminum-based composite material, so that the strength and the heat conductivity of the aluminum-based composite material can be greatly improved, and the thermal expansion coefficient can be greatly reduced. The method has the advantages of simple process, low requirements on equipment and operating environment, energy conservation, low manufacturing cost, uniform distribution of long carbon fibers in the prepared composite material and controllable performance.
The long carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite material obtained by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages that the long carbon fibers are uniformly distributed, and the tensile strength and the thermal conductivity are both obviously improved; the method has simple process, low requirements on equipment and operating environment, energy consumption and cost saving, strong feasibility and contribution to realizing industrialization.
The method for preparing the long carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite with high strength and high conductivity according to the present invention will be described in more detail below using examples and comparative examples. The long carbon fibers in the following examples are mesophase pitch-based carbon fibers, model number TC-HM-80, and the preparation method was carried out according to the process flow diagram shown in fig. 1. The shape of the long carbon fiber and the high-magnification microscopic interface of the composite material are detected by a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), the microscopic shape of the composite material is determined by a metallographic microscope, the tensile strength of the composite material is determined by a universal testing machine, and the thermal conductivity of the composite material is determined by a laser thermal conductivity meter.
Example 1
S1, soaking 80mm long carbon fibers into acetone to remove 12 h completely, then washing with deionized water, and vacuum-drying at 80 ℃ for 3 h.
S2, the volume of the composite material sample is
Weighing 8.006 g 2024 aluminum alloy powder and 0.688 g long carbon fiber to prepare a composite material sample with the volume fraction of carbon fiber being 10%, dividing the 2024 aluminum alloy powder and the long carbon fiber into 24 equal parts respectively, putting a part of the 2024 aluminum alloy powder of 0.334 g and the long carbon fiber of 0.0286 g into a roller to mix for 30 min at the speed of 15 rmp, taking out the mixed material, paving the first part of the long carbon fiber attached with the 2024 aluminum alloy powder into a graphite grinding tool, and paving the 2024 aluminum alloy powder which is not adsorbed by the long carbon fiber onto the long carbon fiber; the above steps were repeated for a second portion of 0.334 g of 2024 aluminum alloy powder and 0.0286 g of long carbon fiber after compounding until a second fourteen portions of 0.334 g of 2024 aluminum alloy powder and 0.0286 g of long carbon fiber were laid into the graphite mold.
And S3, placing the graphite mold paved with the long carbon fibers and the 2024 aluminum alloy powder in a vacuum hot pressing furnace, heating to 570 ℃, simultaneously applying 35 MPa of pressure, maintaining the pressure for 1 h, then removing the pressure, and taking out the sample.
S4, placing the sample into a tubular furnace filled with argon, heating to 493 ℃, preserving heat for 40 min, then placing the sample into cold water for quenching treatment, then placing the sample into a box-type furnace at 190 ℃ for preserving heat for 4 h, and finally cooling along with the furnace.
Example 2
The preparation method of the long carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite material is different from that of the embodiment 1 in that: the volume fraction of the long carbon fiber is 20%, the weight of each 2024 aluminum alloy powder is 0.297 g, and the weight of each long carbon fiber is 0.0573 g.
Example 3
The preparation method of the long carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite material is different from that of the embodiment 1 in that: the volume fraction of the long carbon fiber is 30%, the weight of each 2024 aluminum alloy powder is 0.259 g, and the weight of each long carbon fiber is 0.086 g.
Example 4
The preparation method of the long carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite material is different from that of the embodiment 1 in that: the volume fraction of the long carbon fiber is 40%, the weight of each part of 2024 aluminum alloy powder is 0.222 g, and the weight of each part of the long carbon fiber is 0.115 g.
Comparative example
The preparation method comprises the steps of paving 2024 aluminum alloy powder of 8.896 g into a graphite mold, then placing the graphite mold into a vacuum hot pressing furnace, heating to 570 ℃, applying 35 MPa of pressure, maintaining the pressure for 1 h, then removing the pressure, and taking out a sample. Putting the sample into a tubular furnace filled with argon, heating to 493 ℃, preserving heat for 40 min, quenching, then putting into a box furnace at 190 ℃, preserving heat for 4 h, and cooling along with the furnace.
From the scanning electron micrograph of the long carbon fiber of fig. 2, it can be seen that the surface of the long carbon fiber has a plurality of shallow grooves along the axial direction, and a larger graphite sheet appears on the cross section of the long carbon fiber. The structure shows that the long carbon fiber has high graphitization degree and high thermal conductivity, and is beneficial to improving the thermal conductivity of the composite material. If short carbon fibers are used as a reinforcement, the composite material is easy to be layered by hot pressing, the structure is not uniform, and the high-strength effect cannot be exerted.
FIG. 3 shows a scanning electron micrograph of the long carbon fiber and 2024 aluminum alloy powder compounded in example 4, and it can be seen that most of the surface of the long carbon fiber is adsorbed with 2024 aluminum alloy powder.
Fig. 4 and 5 are metallographic photographs of sintered and heat-treated long carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composites in example 2 having a volume fraction of long carbon fibers of 20% and in example 4 having a volume fraction of long carbon fibers of 40%, respectively, from fig. 4, it can be seen that the long carbon fibers of the long carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composites having a volume fraction of long carbon fibers of 20% are uniformly dispersed, and from fig. 5, it can be seen that a part of the long carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composites having a volume fraction of long carbon fibers of 40% has a slight agglomeration of long carbon fibers. Therefore, the 2024 aluminum alloy powder is adsorbed on the surface of the long carbon fiber, and the stacking times are controlled, so that the long carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite material with uniform dispersion of the long carbon fiber, high strength and high conductivity can be obtained.
FIG. 6 shows the XRD spectrum of the composite material of example 4 after sintering heat treatment, and Al is not clearly seen in the composite material by phase analysis 4 C 3 And phase, which shows that the prepared composite material has little or no interfacial reaction product.
Fig. 7 shows a scanning electron micrograph of the composite material in example 3 after sintering heat treatment, and it can be seen from the high magnification micrograph that the long carbon fibers are tightly bonded with 2024 aluminum, and there are no defects such as obvious holes and debonding at the interface, so the interface bonding is good.
The long carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite materials prepared in the embodiments 1 to 4 and the comparative example of the invention are subjected to performance detection, and the main performance indexes are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Main Performance index of continuous Long carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composites
As can be seen from table 1, the tensile strength of the long carbon fiber increases after the volume fraction of the long carbon fiber increases from 0% to 30%, but the bending strength decreases when the volume fraction of the long carbon fiber increases to 40%, and the thermal conductivity tends to increase as the volume fraction of the long carbon fiber increases. Therefore, with the increase of the amount of the long carbon fibers, the tensile strength of the composite material is increased, and the maximum tensile strength is 502.4 MPa when the content of the long carbon fibers is 30 percent; the thermal conductivity of the composite material is maximum when the content of the long carbon fibers is 40 percent and is 230.9W/mK, which shows that the load borne by the aluminum-based composite material is not only related to the volume fraction of the long carbon fibers, but also related to the distribution of the long carbon fibers, the thermal conductivity of the composite material is mainly related to the volume fraction of the long carbon fibers, and the analysis is as follows:
(1) The proper amount of long carbon fiber is added into the aluminum matrix composite material, the integral strength of the aluminum matrix composite material can be improved, and the structure is uniform;
(2) When a certain load is applied to the aluminum matrix, the aluminum matrix can be transmitted to the long carbon fibers, and the displacement of the aluminum matrix can be transmitted to the long carbon fibers, so that the aluminum matrix not only can better bear the load, but also can be prevented from being broken; the interface of the aluminum matrix and the long carbon fiber is well combined, and the strength of the long carbon fiber is higher than that of the aluminum matrix, so that the long carbon fiber can play a certain role in restricting displacement, and the tensile strength of the aluminum matrix is increased;
(3) After the content of the long carbon fibers exceeds a certain content, the long carbon fibers are easy to agglomerate, holes are increased, and load transfer is prevented to a certain extent, so that the improvement of the tensile strength of the aluminum-based composite material is influenced;
(4) The long carbon fiber is added into the aluminum-based composite material, and the thermal conductivity of the long carbon fiber is higher than that of the matrix, so that the thermal conductivity of the composite material is improved.
The foregoing description has described specific embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The above-described preferred features may be used in any combination without conflict with each other.
Claims (6)
1. A preparation method of a high-strength and high-conductivity long carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite is characterized by comprising the following steps:
providing long carbon fibers, and carrying out degumming pretreatment on the long carbon fibers;
providing 2024 aluminum alloy powder, mixing the long carbon fibers and the 2024 aluminum alloy powder in a roller low-speed mixing mode to enable the surfaces of the long carbon fibers to adsorb the 2024 aluminum alloy powder, and preparing a prefabricated body in a tiling and stacking mode, wherein the method comprises the following steps: determining the weight of the long carbon fiber and the 2024 aluminum alloy powder according to the volume of a composite material sample to be prepared and the volume fraction of the long carbon fiber, weighing the long carbon fiber and the 2024 aluminum alloy powder, dividing the long carbon fiber and the 2024 aluminum alloy powder into a plurality of equal parts, mixing the long carbon fiber and the 2024 aluminum alloy powder in a roller mixer at a low speed, wherein each part comprises the long carbon fiber with the 2024 aluminum alloy powder adsorbed on the surface and the residual non-adsorbed 2024 aluminum alloy powder after mixing; then, flatly paving the long carbon fiber with the surface adsorbed with the 2024 aluminum alloy powder in a graphite mould, then paving the residual non-adsorbed 2024 aluminum alloy powder on the long carbon fiber, and repeating the steps until the last part of the residual non-adsorbed 2024 aluminum alloy powder is paved on the long carbon fiber; obtaining a prefabricated body arranged in the graphite mold;
carrying out vacuum hot-pressing treatment on the prefabricated body to obtain a composite material sample;
carrying out heat treatment on the composite material sample to obtain a high-strength high-conductivity long carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite material;
wherein: the volume fraction of the long carbon fiber is 10-40%;
and carrying out vacuum hot-pressing treatment on the prefabricated body, wherein the vacuum hot-pressing treatment comprises the following steps: placing the graphite mold with the prefabricated body in a hot-pressing furnace, opening a vacuum pump to evacuate the furnace chamber until the pressure in the furnace chamber is 2 x 10 -2 ～8×10 -2 Pa; heating the hot-pressing furnace to 510-630 ℃ at the speed of 5-20 ℃/min, and then applying the pressure of 15-55 MPa to the graphite mould filled with the prefabricated body and keeping the pressure for 20-180 min; after hot pressing is finished, cooling to room temperature, taking out the graphite mold from the hot pressing furnace, and then demolding to obtain a composite material sample, wherein the composite material sample is a sintered composite material;
heat treating the composite sample, comprising: heating the composite material sample to 470-510 ℃ at a speed of 5-20 ℃/min in a tubular furnace filled with argon, preserving heat for 20-60 min, then putting the sample into cold water for quenching treatment, finally preserving heat for 2-10 h in a box furnace at a temperature of 160-210 ℃, and cooling along with the furnace to obtain the heat treatment state composite material, namely the high-strength high-conductivity long carbon fiber reinforced aluminum-based composite material.
2. The preparation method of the long carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite material with high strength and high conductivity as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of performing degumming pretreatment on the long carbon fiber comprises the following steps: dipping the long carbon fiber into acetone for removing the glue by 12-24 h, cleaning the removed long carbon fiber by deionized water, and then drying the long carbon fiber at 80-100 ℃ in vacuum for 6-10 h.
3. High strength high conductivity long carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix as claimed in claim 2The preparation method of the composite material is characterized in that the long carbon fiber is mesophase pitch-based carbon fiber, the tensile strength of the long carbon fiber is higher than 2000 MPa, the elastic modulus of the long carbon fiber is higher than 500 GPa, and the thermal conductivity of the long carbon fiber is higher than that of the long carbon fiber
The coefficient of thermal expansion is lower than-0.5 ppm/K.
4. The method for preparing a long carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite material with high strength and high conductivity as claimed in claim 1, wherein the diameter of the 2024 aluminum alloy powder is
。
5. The method for preparing a long carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite material with high strength and high conductivity according to claim 1, wherein the number of equal parts is 10 to 30 parts.
6. The preparation method of the high-strength high-conductivity long-carbon-fiber-reinforced aluminum-based composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mixing speed is 5-30 rmp, and the mixing time is 10-120 min.
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